[Abbasi, A. M. (2010). The production of English consonants by Sindhi ESL learners. Munich. VDM Verlag Dr. Müller. Germany.]Search in Google Scholar
[Abbasi, A. M. (2012). A phonetic-acoustic study of Sindhi-accented English for better English pronunciation. International Journal of Social Sciences & Education, 2(2), 146-157.]Search in Google Scholar
[Abbasi, A. M. (2017). The stress pattern of Sindhi and English. Munich. Lincom Europa, Germany.]Search in Google Scholar
[Abbasi, A. M., & Hussain, S. (2012). Syllable structure and syllabification in Sindhi-English loanwords. International Journal of Researchers, 1(4), 120-134.]Search in Google Scholar
[Abbasi, A. M., & Hussain, S. (2015). Phonetic analysis of lexical stress in Sindhi. Sindh University Research Journal, 47(4), 749-756.]Search in Google Scholar
[Abbasi, A. M., & Hussain, S. (2015). The role of pitch between stress and intonation in Sindhi. Annual Research Journal of English Language Forum, 17, 9-24.]Search in Google Scholar
[Abbasi, A. M., & Kimball, A. (2014). Word stress in Sindhi and English: Implications for learners of English. In poster session presented at the meeting of Sixth Annual Second Language Acquisition and Teacher Education (SLATE) Graduate Research Symposium. Department of linguistics & foreign languages, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, USA.]Search in Google Scholar
[Abbasi, A. M., Channa, M. A., John, S., Memon., M. A., Anwar, R. (2018). An Acoustic Investigation of Pakistani and American English Vowels. International Journal of English Linguistics, 8(4), 115-121. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v8n4p11510.5539/ijel.v8n4p115]Abierto DOISearch in Google Scholar
[Abbasi, A. M., Channa, M. A., Kakepoto, I., Ali, R., & Mehmood, M. (2017). A perceptual study of phonological variations in Pakistani English. International Journal of English Linguistics, 8, 91-100. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v8n2p9210.5539/ijel.v8n2p92]Search in Google Scholar
[Abbasi, A. M., Memon, M. A., Channa, M. A., & Stephen, J. (2018). Awareness of L2 American English word stress: Implications for teaching speakers of Indo-Aryan languages. International Journal of English Linguistics, 8(3). https://doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v8n3p10110.5539/ijel.v8n3p101]Abierto DOISearch in Google Scholar
[Allana, G.A. (1996). Papers on Sindhi language and linguistics (1st ed.). Jamshoro, Pakistan: Institute of Sindhology, University of Sindh.]Search in Google Scholar
[Allana, G.A. (2009). Sindhi phonetics (2nd ed.). Hyderabad, Pakistan: Sindhi Language Authority.]Search in Google Scholar
[Ashby, M., & Maidment, J. (2008). Introducing phonetic science. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.]Search in Google Scholar
[Beckman, M. (1986). Stress and non-stress accent. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Foris Publications.10.1515/9783110874020]Search in Google Scholar
[Beckman, M., & Pierrehumbert, J. (1986). Intonational structure in Japanese and English. Phonology Yearbook, 3, 255-309.10.1017/S095267570000066X]Search in Google Scholar
[Beckman, M. & G. Ayers Elam. (1993). Guidelines for ToBI labelling. Columbus: Ohio State University Research Foundation. Retrieved from http://docplayer.net/8594926-Guidelines-for-tobi-labelling-version-3-0-march-1997-by-mary-e-beckman-and-gayle-ayers-elam.html]Search in Google Scholar
[Boersma, P., & Weenink, D. (2014). Praat: Doing phonetics by computer (Version 5.3.69) [Computer software]. Retrieved from http://www.praat.org/]Search in Google Scholar
[Bosch, A. R. K. (2011). Syllable-internal structure: The Blackwell Companion to Phonology.10.1002/9781444335262.wbctp0033]Search in Google Scholar
[Broselow, E. (1992). Transfer and universals in second language epenthesis. In S. Gass & L. Selinker (Eds.), Language transfer in language learning. Philadelphia, PA: John Benjamins.]Search in Google Scholar
[Broselow, E. (1999). Loanwords and learn-ability. [Handout of a talk given at the University of Maryland]. Retrieved from http://roa.rutgers.edu/files/491-0102/491-0102-gouskova-0-0.pdf]Search in Google Scholar
[Bughio, M. Q. (2001-2004). A comparative study of socio-linguistics of Sindhi (Pakistani ed.). Germany: Lincom Europe.]Search in Google Scholar
[Bukhari & Pervez. (2000-2002). Syllabification & re-syllabification in Urdu. In CRULP Annual Student Report, 2001-2002. Center for Research in Urdu Language Processing. Retrieved from http://www.cle.org.pk/resources/reports/streport02.htm#script]Search in Google Scholar
[Carr, P. (2008). A glossary of phonology. Edinburgh, UK: Edinburgh University Press.10.1515/9780748629671]Search in Google Scholar
[Cole, J. (2001). Sindhi. In J. Garry & C. Rubino (Eds.), Facts about the world’s languages: An encyclopedia of the world’s major languages, past and present (pp. 647-653). New York, NY: The H.W. Wilson Company.]Search in Google Scholar
[Cole, J. (2005). Sindhi. In P. Strazny (Ed.), Encyclopedia of linguistics. New York, NY: Routledge.]Search in Google Scholar
[Cole, J. (2006). The Sindhi language. In K. Brown (Ed.), Encyclopedia of language and linguistics (2nd ed., electronic version, Vol. 2, pp.384-386). Oxford, UK: Elsevier. Retrieved from http://www.linguistics.uiuc.edu/jscole/Sindhi%20work.htm]Search in Google Scholar
[Crosswhite, K. M. (2001a). Vowel reduction. In Phonetically based phonology (B. Hayes, R. Kirchner & D. Steriade, editors) (pp. 191-231). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.10.1017/CBO9780511486401.007]Search in Google Scholar
[Crosswhite, K. M. (2001b). Stress placement in Dihovo Macedonian. Ms., U. of Rochester.]Search in Google Scholar
[Crystal, D. (1997). A dictionary of linguistics and phonetics (4th ed.). Cornwall, England: MPG Book Ltd.]Search in Google Scholar
[Crystal, D. (2008). A dictionary of linguistics and phonetics (6th ed.). ISBN: 978-1-405-15296-9.10.1002/9781444302776]Search in Google Scholar
[Davenport, M., & Hannahs. S. J. (1998). Introducing phonetics and phonology. London, UK: Arnold.]Search in Google Scholar
[De Lacy, P. (2007). The interaction of tone, sonority, and prosodic structure. In Paul de Lacy (Ed.), The Cambridge handbook of phonology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ch.12 (pp. 281-307).]Search in Google Scholar
[Dixon, R. M. W. (1977). A grammar of Yidin. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.10.1017/CBO9781139085045]Search in Google Scholar
[Dogil, G. (1995). Phonetic correlates of word stress. Arbeitspapiere des Instituts für Maschinelle Sprachverarbeitung - Phonetik, Universität Stuttgart, 2 (2), 1-60.]Search in Google Scholar
[Dogil, G. & Williams, B. (1999). The phonetic manifestation of word stress. In Word prosodic systems in the languages of Europe (H. van der Hulst, editor) (pp. 273-334). Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter.]Search in Google Scholar
[Duanmu, S., Kim, Y., & Stiennon. N. (2005). Stress and syllable structure in English: Approaches to phonological variations. Taiwan Journal of Linguistics, 3.2, 45-78. Retrieved from http://www-personal.umich.edu/~duanmu/Variations05.pdf]Search in Google Scholar
[Dyrud, L. (1997). Hindi-Urdu: Stress accent or non-stress accent? (Unpublished master’s thesis). University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND. Retrieved from https://arts-sciences.und.edu/summer-institute-of-linguistics/theses/_files/docs/2001-dyrud-lars.pdf]Search in Google Scholar
[Feinstein, M. (1979). Pre-nasalization and syllable structure. Linguistic Inquiry, (10), 245–278.]Search in Google Scholar
[Flemming, E. (2002). Auditory representations in phonology. Routledge, New York.]Search in Google Scholar
[Flemming, Edward (2005). Target less schwa revisited. Poster presented at the 149th Meeting of the Acoustical Society of America, Vancouver.]Search in Google Scholar
[Fleischhacker, H. (2000). The location of epenthetic vowels with respect to consonant clusters: An auditory similarity account (Unpublished master’s thesis). UCLA, Los Angelos, CA.]Search in Google Scholar
[Fry, D. (1955). Duration and intensity as physical correlates of linguistic stress. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 27, 765-8.10.1121/1.1908022]Search in Google Scholar
[Fry, D. (1958). Experiments in the perception of stress. Language and Speech, 1, 120-52.10.1177/002383095800100207]Search in Google Scholar
[Fujisaki, H. & Hirose, K. (1984). Analysis of voice fundamental frequency contours for declarative sentences of Japanese. Journal of the Acoustical Society of Japan, 5, 233-242.10.1250/ast.5.233]Search in Google Scholar
[Gay, T. (1978). Effect of speaking rate on vowel formant movements. The Journal of the Acoustic Society of America, 63, 223-230.10.1121/1.381717]Search in Google Scholar
[Giegrich, H. J. (1998). English phonology (4th ed.). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.]Search in Google Scholar
[Gordon, M. (1999). Syllable weight: Phonetics, phonology, and typology (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). UCLA, Los Angelos, CA.]Search in Google Scholar
[Gordon, M. (2002a). A phonetically-driven account of syllable weight. Language, 78, 51-80.10.1353/lan.2002.0020]Search in Google Scholar
[Gordon, M. (2002b). Weight-by-position adjunction and syllable structure. Lingua 112, 901-931.10.1016/S0024-3841(02)00052-9]Search in Google Scholar
[Gordon, M. (2004). A phonological and phonetic study of word-level stress in Chickasaw. International Journal of American Linguistics, 70, 1-32.10.1086/422264]Search in Google Scholar
[Gordon, M. (2005). A perceptually-driven account of onset-sensitive stress. University of California, Santa Barbara. Journal of Springer Natural Language & Linguistic Theory, 23, 595–653. DOI 10.1007/s11049-004-8874-910.1007/s11049-004-8874-9]Abierto DOISearch in Google Scholar
[Gordon, M, Carmen J, Carlos N, and Nobutaka T. (2008). Vowel and consonant sonority and coda weight: A cross-linguistic study. In Proceedings of the 26th West coast conference on formal linguistics, (ed.), Charles B. Chang and Hannah J. Haynie, 208-216. Somerville, MA: Cascadilla proceedings project. www.lingref.com, document 1674.]Search in Google Scholar
[Gordon, M. (2010). Disentangling stress and pitch accent: A typology of prominence at different prosodic levels. Paper presented at the University of Connecticut workshop on stress and accent, Storrs, CT.]Search in Google Scholar
[Gordon, M, J, Nash & Takara. (2010). Syllable structure and extrametricality: A typological and phonetic study. Studies in Language, 34 (1), 131-166.10.1075/sl.34.1.15gor]Search in Google Scholar
[Gordon, M. (2011). Stress: Phonotactic and phonetic evidence. In M. van Ostendorp, C.J. Ewen, E. Hume, & K. Rice (Eds.), The Blackwell Companion to Phonology (pp. 924-948). Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell.]Search in Google Scholar
[Gordon, M & Latifa, N. (2012). Acoustic correlates of prominence in Tashlhiyt Berber. University of California, Santa Barbar. Retrieved from http://www.linguistics.ucsb.edu/faculty/gordon/Gordon&Nafi_2012_Tashlhiyt.pdf]Search in Google Scholar
[Gouskova, M. (2001). Falling sonority onsets, loanwords, and syllable contact. In]Search in Google Scholar
[M. Andronis, C. Ball, H. Elston, & S. Neuvel (Eds.), CLS 37: Papers from the 37th Meeting of the Chicago Linguistic Society. Vol. 1: The main session. Chicago: CLS.]Search in Google Scholar
[Gussenhoven, C., & Jacobs, H. (2003). Understanding phonology (1st ed.). London, UK: Hodder Arnold.]Search in Google Scholar
[Halle, M., & Vergnaud, J. R. (1987). An essay on stress. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.]Search in Google Scholar
[Harrington, J., & Cox, F. (1984b). The syllable and phonotactic constraints. In the syllable and the foot [Course material]. Retrieved from http://clas.mq.edu.au/phonetics/phonology/syllable/syllable.pdf]Search in Google Scholar
[Haugen, E. (1956). Syllabification in Kutenai. International Journal of American Linguistics, (22), 196-201.10.1086/464366]Search in Google Scholar
[Hawkins, P. (1992). Introducing phonology (2nd ed.). London, UK: Hutchinson.]Search in Google Scholar
[Hayes, B. (1981). A metrical theory of stress rules (Revised version of 1980 doctoral dissertation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology). Distributed by Indiana University Linguistics Club, Bloomington, IN.]Search in Google Scholar
[Hayes, B. (1982). Extrametricality and English stress. Linguistic Inquiry, 13 (2), 227-276.]Search in Google Scholar
[Hayes, B. (1985). Iambic and Trochaic Rhythm in Stress Rules: Proceedings of the Eleventh Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (pp. 429-446). Retrieved from http://linguistics.berkeley.edu/bls/]Search in Google Scholar
[Hayes, B. (1995). Metrical stress theory. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.]Search in Google Scholar
[Hillenbrand, J. Laura A. Getty, Clark, M. J & Wheeler, K (1995). Acoustic characteristics of American English vowels. Acoustical Society of America, 97 (5). Retrieved from http://homepages.wmich.edu/~hillenbr/Papers/HillenbrandGettyClarkWheeler.pdf10.1121/1.411872]Search in Google Scholar
[Hualde, J. (1991). Basque phonology. London, UK: Routledge.]Search in Google Scholar
[Hualde, J. (1999). Basque accentuation. In van der Hulst, H. (Ed.), Word prosodic systems in the languages of Europe (pp.947-993). Berlin, Germany: Mouton de Gruyter.]Search in Google Scholar
[Hussain, S. (2005). Phonological processing for Urdu text to speech system. Retrieved from http://www.cle.org.pk/research/papers.htm]Search in Google Scholar
[Hussain, S. (2010). Phonetic correlates of lexical stress in Urdu (Doctoral dissertation, Northwest University USA). Islamabad. National Language Authority, Pakistan.]Search in Google Scholar
[Hyman, L. M. (1977). On the nature of linguistic stress. In Larry M. Hyman (Ed.), Studies in stress and accent, 37-82. SCOPIL #4. Los Angeles: University of Southern California. http://gsil.scling.org/list.html#SCOPIL:_Southern_California_Occasional_]Search in Google Scholar
[Isačenko, A. & Schädlich, H. J. (1970). A model of standard German intonation. The Hague, Paris: Mouton.10.1515/9783111354873]Search in Google Scholar
[Itô, J. (1989). A prosodic theory of epenthesis. Natural Language & Linguistic Theory, 7 (2), 217-259. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/4047731 International Phonetic Associations. (1999). Handbook of the international phonetic association. Washington: DC.]Search in Google Scholar
[Jatoi, N. A. (1983). Linguistics and Sindhi language, (2nd ed.). Hyderabad, Pakistan: Institute of Sindhology.]Search in Google Scholar
[Jatoi, N. A (1996). Linguistics and Sindhi language (Ilm Lisan Ain Sindhi Zaban) (3rd ed.). Hyderabad, Pakistan: Institute of Sindhology, Sindh University Press.]Search in Google Scholar
[Jones, D. (1972). An outline of English phonetics (9th ed.). Cambridge, UK: Heffer & Sons.]Search in Google Scholar
[Kabak, B. & Vogel, I. (2001). The phonological word and stress assignment in Turkish. Phonology, 18, 315-360.10.1017/S0952675701004201]Search in Google Scholar
[Kachru, Y. (2006). Hindi. (London oriental and African language library, Vol. 12). Amsterdam, the Netherlands: John Benjamin Publishing Company.10.1075/loall.12]Search in Google Scholar
[Kager, R. (1989). A metrical theory of stress and destressing in English and Dutch. Dordrecht: Foris.]Search in Google Scholar
[(1992a) Shapes of the generalized trochee. In J. Mead (ed.), Proceedings of the West Coast Conference on Formal Linguistics, 11, 298-311.]Search in Google Scholar
[Keerio, A. (2010). Acoustic analysis of Sindhi speech-pre-curser for an ASR system (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of Sussex, Brighton, UK.]Search in Google Scholar
[Kenstowicz, M. (1994). Phonology in generative grammar (2nd ed.). Cambridge, MA: Blackwell Publishers.]Search in Google Scholar
[Kidder, E. (2008). Tone, intonation, stress and duration in Navajo. Coyote Papers: Working Papers in Linguistics, Linguistic Theory at the University of Arizona. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10150/126405]Search in Google Scholar
[Kleber, F. & Klipphahn, N. (n.d.). An acoustic investigation of secondary stress in]Search in Google Scholar
[German: Institute of phonetics and digital speech processing, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Germany. Retrieved from http://www.ipds.unikiel.de/pub_exx/aipuk/aipuk_37/37_1_KleberKlipphahn.pdf]Search in Google Scholar
[Kochanski, G., Grabe, E., Coleman, J., & Rosner, B. (2005). Loudness predicts prominence: fundamental frequency lends little. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 118 (2),1038-1054. Retrieved from http://www.ling.upenn.edu/courses/Fall_2007/cogs501/Kochanski2005.pdf10.1121/1.1923349]Search in Google Scholar
[Ladd, D. R. (1996). Intonational phonology. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.]Search in Google Scholar
[Ladefoged, P. (2001). A course in phonetics (4th ed.). Los Angelos, CA: Harcourt]Search in Google Scholar
[College Publishers.]Search in Google Scholar
[Ladefoged, P., & Maddieson, I. (1996). The sounds of the world’s languages. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishers.]Search in Google Scholar
[Lewis, M. P, Gary, F.S & Charles, D. F (eds.), (2016). Ethnologue: Languages of the world, nineteenth edition. Dallas, Texas: SIL International. Oneline version: http://www.ethnologue.com.]Search in Google Scholar
[Lindblom, B. (1963). Spectrographic study of vowel reduction. The Journal of the Acoustic Society of America, 35, 1773-1781.10.1121/1.1918816]Search in Google Scholar
[McDonough, J. (2003). The Navajo sound system. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers.10.1007/978-94-010-0207-3]Search in Google Scholar
[McMahon, A. (2002). An introduction to English phonology. Oxford: Oxford University Press.]Search in Google Scholar
[Mehrotra, R. C. (1965). Stress in Hindi. Indian Linguistics, 26.]Search in Google Scholar
[Masica, C. P. (1991). The Indo-Aryan languages. Cambridge University Press, Great Britain.]Search in Google Scholar
[Moore, R. R. (1965). A study of Hindi intonation (Doctoral dissertation). University of Michigan.]Search in Google Scholar
[Nair, R. (1999). Syllables and word edges (Doctoral dissertation). Northwestern University, Evanston, IL.]Search in Google Scholar
[Nair. R. (2001). Acoustic correlates of lexical stress in Hindi: Papers from the Proceedings of SALA 18th Roundtable (1st ed.). Motilal Banarsidas.]Search in Google Scholar
[Nayyar, S. (2000-2001). Syllable stress in Urdu. In CRULP Annual Student Report (pp. 202-206). Center for Research in Urdu Language Processing. Retrieved from http://www.cle.org.pk/resources/reports/streport02.htm#script]Search in Google Scholar
[Nihalani, P. (1995). Illustrations of the IPA: Sindhi. Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 25 (2), 95-98.10.1017/S0025100300005235]Search in Google Scholar
[Parker, S. (2002). Quantifying the sonority hierarchy (Doctoral dissertation). University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA.]Search in Google Scholar
[Parker, S. (2011). Sonority. The Blackwell Companion to Phonology. In van Ostendorp, Marc, Colin J. Ewen, Elizabeth Hume & Keren Rice (Eds.), Blackwell Publishing.10.1002/9781444335262.wbctp0049]Search in Google Scholar
[Retrieved from http://www.companiontophonology.com/subscriber/tocnode?id=g9781405184236_chunk_g978140518423651]Search in Google Scholar
[Parsons, T. W. (1987). Voice and speech processing. New York. NY: McGraw-Hill.]Search in Google Scholar
[Pickett, J. M. (1999). The acoustics of speech communication, fundamentals, speech perception, theory, and technology, USA.]Search in Google Scholar
[Pierrehumbert, J. (1980). The phonology and phonetics of English intonation (Doctoral dissertation). MIT, Cambridge.]Search in Google Scholar
[Pierrehumbert, J., & Nair, R. (1996). Implication of Hindi prosodic structure. In J. Durand & B. Laks (Eds.), Current trends in phonology: Models and Methods, 2, 549-584. Retrieved from http://faculty.wcas.northwestern.edu/~jbp/publications/implications_hindi.pdf]Search in Google Scholar
[PIE. (2000). Introduction to proto-Indo-European stress. Retrieved from http://www.oocities.org/caraculiambro/Caraculiambro/Stress.html]Search in Google Scholar
[Puri, V. (2013). Intonation in Indian English and Hindi late and simultaneous bilinguals (Doctoral dissertation). University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL.]Search in Google Scholar
[Raphael, L. J., Gloria, J. B., & Katherine, S. H. (2006). Speech science primer: physiology, acoustics, and perception of speech (5th ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.]Search in Google Scholar
[Reetz, H., & Jongman, A. (2009). Phonetics. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell.]Search in Google Scholar
[Roach, P. (2004). English phonetics and phonology. India: Replika Press.]Search in Google Scholar
[Sapir, E. & Swadesh, M. (1960). Yana dictionary (University of California publications in linguistics, Vol. 22). Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.]Search in Google Scholar
[Singh, R. (1985). Prosodic adaptation in inter-phonology. Lingua, 67, 269-282.10.1016/0024-3841(85)90001-4]Search in Google Scholar
[Wang, H., & Heuven, V. (2006). Acoustical analysis of English vowels produced by Chinese, Dutch and American speakers. In J. M. Van de Weijer & B. Los (Eds.), Linguistics in the Netherlands (pp. 237-248). Amsterdam, the Netherlands/Philadelphia, PA: John Benjamins. Retrieved from https://openaccess.leidenuniv.nl/bitstream/handle/1887/8597/05.pdf?sequence=1510.1075/avt.23.23wan]Search in Google Scholar
