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Non-fumigant Nematicides are Promising Alternatives to Fumigants for the Management of Meloidogyne enterolobii in Tobacco

M. S. Alam

M. S. Alam

Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson UniversityClemson, Carolina
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Alam, M. S.
, 
C. Khanal

C. Khanal

Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson UniversityClemson, Carolina
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Khanal, C.
, 
W. Rutter

W. Rutter

USDA-ARS, U.S. Vegetable LaboratoryCharleston, Carolina
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Rutter, W.
 y 
J. Roberts

J. Roberts

Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson UniversityClemson, Carolina
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Roberts, J.
  
09 nov 2022
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Categoría del artículo: Research Paper
Publicado en línea: 09 nov 2022
Recibido: 11 may 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jofnem-2022-0045
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© 2022 Alam et al. published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Figure 1

Reproduction of Meloidogyne enterolobii expressed as number of eggs per root system of tobacco inoculated with 1,000 freshly hatched second-stage juveniles, treated with non-fumigant nematicides, and harvested at 60 d after inoculation. Data were combined over two experiments and are means of 10 replications. Within columns, means followed by a common letter are not significantly different according to Tukey’s HSD test (P ≤ 0.05). Burkholderia refers to Burkholderia rinojensis strain A396 secondary metabolites.
Reproduction of Meloidogyne enterolobii expressed as number of eggs per root system of tobacco inoculated with 1,000 freshly hatched second-stage juveniles, treated with non-fumigant nematicides, and harvested at 60 d after inoculation. Data were combined over two experiments and are means of 10 replications. Within columns, means followed by a common letter are not significantly different according to Tukey’s HSD test (P ≤ 0.05). Burkholderia refers to Burkholderia rinojensis strain A396 secondary metabolites.

Figure 2

Reproduction of Meloidogyne enterolobii expressed as number of second-stage juveniles per 100 cm3 of soil containing tobacco inoculated with 1,000 freshly hatched second-stage juveniles, treated with non-fumigant nematicides, and harvested at 60 d after inoculation. Data were combined over two experiments and are means of 10 replications. Within columns, means followed by a common letter are not significantly different according to Student’s t-test (P ≤ 0.05). Burkholderia refers to Burkholderia rinojensis strain A396 secondary metabolites.
Reproduction of Meloidogyne enterolobii expressed as number of second-stage juveniles per 100 cm3 of soil containing tobacco inoculated with 1,000 freshly hatched second-stage juveniles, treated with non-fumigant nematicides, and harvested at 60 d after inoculation. Data were combined over two experiments and are means of 10 replications. Within columns, means followed by a common letter are not significantly different according to Student’s t-test (P ≤ 0.05). Burkholderia refers to Burkholderia rinojensis strain A396 secondary metabolites.

Figure 3

Dry weights of tobacco roots 60 d after inoculation with 1,000 freshly hatched second-stage juveniles of Meloidogyne enterolobii and application of non-fumigant nematicides. Data are means of 10 replications. The plant material was dried at 45°C for 2 wk. Bars with common letters are not significantly different according to Tukey’s HSD test (P ≤ 0.05).
Dry weights of tobacco roots 60 d after inoculation with 1,000 freshly hatched second-stage juveniles of Meloidogyne enterolobii and application of non-fumigant nematicides. Data are means of 10 replications. The plant material was dried at 45°C for 2 wk. Bars with common letters are not significantly different according to Tukey’s HSD test (P ≤ 0.05).

Non-fumigant chemical and biological nematicide treatments and their recommended application rates used in the current study_

Treatment Application rate (L/ha)
Oxamyl 4.68
Fluopyram 0.50
Fluensulfone 4.09
Burkholderiaa 18.71
Untreated control –
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