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Static Water Vapor Sorption Properties of Honey

Kubra Arslan
Kubra Arslan
 y 
Mahir Turhan
Mahir Turhan
   | 27 dic 2022
Journal of Apicultural Science's Cover Image
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Article Category: Original Article
Publicado en línea: 27 dic 2022
Páginas: 121 - 132
Recibido: 19 nov 2021
Aceptado: 13 oct 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jas-2022-0010
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© 2022 Kubra Arslan et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Fig. 1

The effect of aw on the time of visible yeast formation (tYF) (a) and the corresponding moisture content (MCYF) (b) in pine honey (PH) and citrus honey (CH).
The effect of aw on the time of visible yeast formation (tYF) (a) and the corresponding moisture content (MCYF) (b) in pine honey (PH) and citrus honey (CH).

Fig. 2

Sorption isotherm (SI) of pine honey (PH) (a) and citrus honey (CH) (b) and the fit of GAB Eq. (Eq. 2) to them.
Sorption isotherm (SI) of pine honey (PH) (a) and citrus honey (CH) (b) and the fit of GAB Eq. (Eq. 2) to them.

Fig. 3

Desorption part (a) and adsorption part (b) of sorption isotherm (SI) of pine honey (PH) and citrus honey (CH).
Desorption part (a) and adsorption part (b) of sorption isotherm (SI) of pine honey (PH) and citrus honey (CH).

Fig. 4

Effect of moisture content (EMC) on net heat of sorption (Qs) for pine honey (PH) and citrus honey (CH).
Effect of moisture content (EMC) on net heat of sorption (Qs) for pine honey (PH) and citrus honey (CH).

Analyzes of pine honey (PH) and citrus honey (CH)*

PH CH
Color (mm) 63.0 8.0
Moisture (%) 16.6 18.1
HMF (mg/kg) 1.4 7.0
Acidity (meq. g/kg) 13.2 5.0
pH 4.7 3.9
Proline (mg/kg) 436 325
Conductivity (mS/cm) 1.08 0.15
Diastase Number (DN) 15.6 5.0
Fructose (%) 32.5 37.6
Glucose (%) 26.4 30.4
Fructose/Glucose 1.23 1.24
Fructose+Glucose (%) 58.9 68.0
Sucrose (%) 0.0 3.1
Maltose (%) 2.6 1.9
Turanose (%) 1.9 1.3
Erlose (%) 1.4 1.9
Isomaltose (%) 1.8 0.3
Maltotriose (%) 0 0
Melezitose 0 0
Total Disaccharide (%) 9.4 7.5
Higher Sugars (%) 8.7 1.5
C13 Honey (δ C13 ‰) −24.5 −25.2
C13 Protein (δ C13 ‰) −24.7 −24.9
C13 Difference(δ C13 ‰) −0.2 0.3
C4 Sugar (%) 1.3 0
Naphthalene (ppb) ODL ODL
Sulfonamid group (ppb) ODL ODL
Tetracycline group (ppb) ODL ODL
Strepto group (ppb) ODL ODL
Fluoroquinolone group (ppb) ODL ODL
Macrolide group (ppb) ODL ODL
Chloramphenicol group (ppb) ODL ODL
Nitrofuran group (ppb) ODL ODL
Starch/Pollen (%) 1.8 1.3
Polen (%) Dense 38

Constants of GAB equation (C, k, m0), indicators for its fitting performance (R2, RE, DE) and mean net sorption energy in the monolayer (Qs, mono) and multilayer (Qs, multi) water region for the static sorption of honey

Pine1 Citrus1 Clover2 Colza3
aw-range 0.1–0.9 0.1–0.9 0.3–0.8 0.2–0.9
C 2.96 4.73 4.64 5.29
k 0.9881 0.9936 0.9861 0.8356
m0, % db 9.93 10.63 10.62 10.26
aw <=> m0 0.35–0.40 0.30–0.35 0.30–0.35 0.35–0.40
R2 0.9871 0.9860 0.9924 0.9906
RE* (%) 4.73 4.33 0.51 8.30
DE* Random Random Random Random
Qs, mono, kJ/kg 211 239 235 239
Qs, multi, kJ/kg 84 113 111 116
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