Parameters | All immigrant workers | Stayers | Switchers | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1-Digit | 2-Digit | 3-Digit | 1-Digit | 2-Digit | 3-Digit | 1-Digit | 2-Digit | 3-Digit | |
3 Years of GE | -0.0195 | -0.0124 | -0.0195 | 0.1548 | 0.0692 | 0.4922* | 0.0610 | 0.0105 | 0.0030 |
(0.0466) | (0.0472) | (0.0475) | (0.1875) | (0.2111) | (0.2893) | (0.0570) | (0.0512) | (0.0490) | |
5 Years of GE | -0.0150 | -0.0079 | -0.0147 | 0.2055 | 0.1009 | 0.6256* | 0.0930 | 0.0215 | 0.0145 |
(0.0624) | (0.0635) | (0.0637) | (0.2465) | (0.2692) | (0.3569) | (0.0768) | (0.0692) | (0.0661) | |
10 Years of GE | 0.0223 | 0.0218 | 0.0201 | 0.2150 | 0.1635 | 0.6601* | 0.1506* | 0.0488 | 0.0483 |
(0.0725) | (0.0740) | (0.0739) | (0.2667) | (0.2736) | (0.3366) | (0.0908) | (0.0817) | (0.0779) | |
3 Years of OE | 0.1700*** | 0.1568*** | 0.1821*** | -0.0341 | 0.0601 | -0.4223 | 0.4687*** | 0.0303 | 0.0282 |
(0.0317) | (0.0388) | (0.0424) | (0.1853) | (0.2104) | (0.2668) | (0.1773) | (0.0827) | (0.1008) | |
5 Years of OE | 0.2234*** | 0.2191*** | 0.2476*** | -0.0315 | 0.1028 | -0.4835 | 1.0855* | -0.0674 | 0.0866 |
(0.0399) | (0.0449) | (0.0487) | (0.2398) | (0.2628) | (0.3216) | (0.5809) | (0.1763) | (0.2094) | |
10 Years of OE | 0.2417*** | 0.2639*** | 0.2861*** | 0.0177 | 0.1623 | -0.3262 | 4.5032 | -0.0570 | -0.0487 |
(0.0520) | (0.0518) | (0.0556) | (0.2482) | (0.2499) | (0.2772) | (4.0280) | (0.3098) | (0.3089) | |
3 years of NRCA | 0.1722*** | 0.2147*** | 0.1882*** | 0.1136** | 0.0826 | -0.0102 | 0.5413** | 0.5159*** | 0.4403*** |
(0.0402) | (0.0418) | (0.0386) | (0.0551) | (0.0591) | (0.0554) | (0.2176) | (0.1154) | (0.1195) | |
5 years of NRCA | 0.2670*** | 0.3316*** | 0.2905*** | 0.1859* | 0.0860 | -0.0858 | 0.3632** | 0.7872*** | 0.6519*** |
(0.0612) | (0.0627) | (0.0566) | (0.1126) | (0.1038) | (0.0958) | (0.1756) | (0.1675) | (0.1678) | |
10 years of NRCA | 0.3993*** | 0.4748*** | 0.4102*** | 0.3450 | -0.1110 | -0.5139** | -3.7969 | 1.0420*** | 0.7375*** |
(0.0902) | (0.0862) | (0.0734) | (0.3805) | (0.2727) | (0.2445) | (3.0452) | (0.2512) | (0.1912) | |
3 years of NRCI | 0.0703* | -0.0159 | -0.0646 | 0.0570 | -0.1298 | -0.1282 | -0.0536 | 0.0248 | -0.0847 |
(0.0413) | (0.0424) | (0.0435) | (0.0481) | (0.0892) | (0.1335) | (0.1866) | (0.0483) | (0.0526) | |
5 years of NRCI | 0.1142* | -0.0231 | -0.0984 | 0.0939 | -0.1964 | -0.2305 | -0.8242** | 0.0373 | -0.1310 |
(0.0629) | (0.0662) | (0.0688) | (0.0776) | (0.1427) | (0.2044) | (0.3591) | (0.0754) | (0.0835) | |
10 years of NRCI | 0.2047** | -0.0119 | -0.1251 | 0.1756 | -0.2299 | -0.5080 | 15.9488*** | 0.0514 | -0.1809 |
(0.0865) | (0.0994) | (0.1081) | (0.1595) | (0.2893) | (0.3149) | (5.0011) | (0.1122) | (0.1354) | |
3 years of RCOG | -0.0689** | 0.0629 | -0.0102 | -0.0581 | 0.0015 | -0.0134 | -0.2584** | 0.1217* | 0.0005 |
(0.0318) | (0.0408) | (0.0300) | (0.0425) | (0.0633) | (0.1919) | (0.1222) | (0.0705) | (0.0329) | |
5 years of RCOG | -0.1164** | 0.1019 | -0.0154 | -0.0880 | 0.0123 | 0.0314 | -0.7541** | 0.2015* | 0.0014 |
(0.0501) | (0.0631) | (0.0480) | (0.0737) | (0.1063) | (0.2811) | (0.3393) | (0.1069) | (0.0526) | |
10 years of RCOG | -0.2326*** | 0.1798* | -0.0191 | -0.1195 | 0.0798 | 0.3691 | -3.8501 | 0.3832*** | 0.0071 |
(0.0792) | (0.0937) | (0.0800) | (0.1832) | (0.2485) | (0.3505) | (2.9752) | (0.1406) | (0.0876) | |
3 years of RMAN | -0.0437 | -0.0712 | -0.0618 | -0.0184 | -0.1597* | -0.1242 | -0.2327 | -0.0430 | -0.0344 |
(0.0776) | (0.0475) | (0.0870) | (0.1052) | (0.0887) | (0.1785) | (0.1509) | (0.0633) | (0.1042) | |
5 years of RMAN | -0.0673 | -0.1047 | -0.0936 | 0.0003 | -0.2173 | -0.1384 | -0.6033* | -0.0568 | -0.0476 |
(0.1193) | (0.0743) | (0.1347) | (0.1669) | (0.1449) | (0.2681) | (0.3569) | (0.0973) | (0.1590) | |
10 years of RMAN | -0.0935 | -0.1166 | -0.1152 | 0.1843 | -0.1249 | 0.1254 | -3.3147 | -0.0182 | -0.0265 |
(0.1640) | (0.1122) | (0.1916) | (0.2899) | (0.2959) | (0.3855) | (2.9932) | (0.1346) | (0.2162) | |
3 years of NRMN | -0.0572 | -0.0058 | -0.0639* | -0.0786 | 0.1113 | -0.0907 | -0.3180*** | 0.0026 | -0.0662* |
(0.0372) | (0.0291) | (0.0369) | (0.0673) | (0.1020) | (0.1091) | (0.1201) | (0.0366) | (0.0355) | |
5 years of NRMN | -0.0865 | -0.0134 | -0.1033* | -0.1596 | 0.1618 | -0.1241 | -0.7497** | 0.0007 | -0.1041* |
(0.0597) | (0.0463) | (0.0556) | (0.1370) | (0.1617) | (0.1697) | (0.3457) | (0.0587) | (0.0544) | |
10 years of NRMN | -0.1181 | -0.0519 | -0.1805** | -0.4455 | 0.1418 | -0.0717 | -3.5858 | -0.0231 | -0.1593** |
(0.1025) | (0.0766) | (0.0726) | (0.4207) | (0.3003) | (0.2907) | (3.0164) | (0.0983) | (0.0784) | |
N | 1,693 | 1,693 | 1,693 | 745 | 528 | 436 | 948 | 1,165 | 1,257 |
Parameters | All immigrant workers | Stayers | Switchers | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1-Digit | 2-Digit | 3-Digit | 1-Digit | 2-Digit | 3-Digit | 1-Digit | 2-Digit | 3-Digit | |
3 Years of GE | 0.0180 | 0.0266 | 0.0307 | 0.0277 | -0.0723 | 0.2615 | 0.0658 | 0.0145 | 0.0204 |
(0.0411) | (0.0417) | (0.0414) | (0.1459) | (0.1544) | (0.1816) | (0.0462) | (0.0444) | (0.0434) | |
5 Years of GE | 0.0310 | 0.0431 | 0.0489 | 0.0393 | -0.0863 | 0.3481 | 0.0993 | 0.0284 | 0.0368 |
(0.0558) | (0.0572) | (0.0566) | (0.1943) | (0.2050) | (0.2401) | (0.0634) | (0.0610) | (0.0595) | |
10 Years of GE | 0.0593 | 0.0732 | 0.0784 | 0.0345 | -0.0617 | 0.3828 | 0.1545** | 0.0627 | 0.0704 |
(0.0669) | (0.0702) | (0.0689) | (0.2188) | (0.2326) | (0.2718) | (0.0780) | (0.0753) | (0.0726) | |
3 Years of OE | 0.1531*** | 0.1718*** | 0.2031*** | 0.0287 | 0.3280** | -0.1074 | 0.6426*** | 0.0545 | 0.0597 |
(0.0305) | (0.0380) | (0.0444) | (0.1528) | (0.1474) | (0.1829) | (0.2021) | (0.0819) | (0.1031) | |
5 Years of OE | 0.2035*** | 0.2281*** | 0.2722*** | 0.0424 | 0.4316** | -0.1012 | 1.6618** | -0.0088 | 0.0935 |
(0.0391) | (0.0469) | (0.0536) | (0.1986) | (0.1884) | (0.2280) | (0.6835) | (0.1130) | (0.1837) | |
10 Years of OE | 0.2266*** | 0.2423*** | 0.2989*** | 0.0715 | 0.4554** | 0.0150 | 9.1869** | 0.0798 | 0.1186 |
(0.0494) | (0.0512) | (0.0601) | (0.2082) | (0.1905) | (0.2178) | (4.5871) | (0.1503) | (0.2858) | |
3 Years of NRCA | 0.1756*** | 0.1786*** | 0.1396*** | 0.1183** | 0.0969* | 0.0679 | 0.5889*** | 0.4800*** | 0.3998*** |
(0.0386) | (0.0418) | (0.0320) | (0.0510) | (0.0561) | (0.0565) | (0.2100) | (0.1504) | (0.1181) | |
5 Years of NRCA | 0.2747*** | 0.2827*** | 0.2214*** | 0.1815** | 0.1395 | 0.1016 | 0.1511 | 0.7524*** | 0.5892*** |
(0.0603) | (0.0650) | (0.0489) | (0.0855) | (0.0900) | (0.0941) | (0.2535) | (0.1960) | (0.1632) | |
10 Years of NRCA | 0.4220*** | 0.4513*** | 0.3505*** | 0.2626 | 0.1489 | 0.1317 | -6.7602* | 0.9597** | 0.6208*** |
(0.0937) | (0.0972) | (0.0718) | (0.1768) | (0.1697) | (0.2001) | (3.4645) | (0.4552) | (0.1697) | |
3 Years of NRCI | 0.0880** | -0.0595 | -0.0809* | 0.1123** | -0.2228*** | -0.2877** | 0.0174 | 0.0830* | -0.0588 |
(0.0412) | (0.0431) | (0.0426) | (0.0478) | (0.0753) | (0.1180) | (0.2173) | (0.0492) | (0.0627) | |
5 Years of NRCI | 0.1356** | -0.0955 | -0.1306* | 0.1597** | -0.3620*** | -0.4878** | -0.7791* | 0.1176 | -0.0953 |
(0.0635) | (0.0655) | (0.0677) | (0.0757) | (0.1218) | (0.2057) | (0.4380) | (0.0755) | (0.1000) | |
10 Years of NRCI | 0.1865** | -0.1547* | -0.2281** | 0.1387 | -0.6065*** | -0.9448** | -7.7002** | 0.0908 | -0.1704 |
(0.0893) | (0.0883) | (0.1100) | (0.1291) | (0.2201) | (0.4450) | (3.6392) | (0.1038) | (0.1644) | |
3 Years of RCOG | -0.0691** | 0.0718** | -0.0321 | -0.0939*** | 0.0547 | -0.0772 | -0.3377*** | 0.1110* | -0.0010 |
(0.0307) | (0.0349) | (0.0345) | (0.0344) | (0.0573) | (0.0958) | (0.1301) | (0.0634) | (0.0427) | |
5 Years of RCOG | -0.1161** | 0.1115** | -0.0519 | -0.1490** | 0.0995 | -0.1288 | -1.0500*** | 0.1792* | -0.0016 |
(0.0485) | (0.0550) | (0.0549) | (0.0606) | (0.0933) | (0.1539) | (0.3978) | (0.0965) | (0.0679) | |
10 Years of RCOG | -0.2268*** | 0.1614* | -0.0877 | -0.2404 | 0.2271 | -0.2512 | -6.7981** | 0.3069** | -0.0022 |
(0.0767) | (0.0860) | (0.0890) | (0.1619) | (0.1864) | (0.2990) | (3.3230) | (0.1304) | (0.1092) | |
3 Years of RMAN | -0.0969** | -0.1025** | -0.1291** | -0.0441 | -0.1279 | 0.4435 | -0.4116*** | -0.0773 | -0.1443** |
(0.0437) | (0.0451) | (0.0580) | (0.0612) | (0.0928) | (0.5220) | (0.1274) | (0.0578) | (0.0592) | |
5 Years of RMAN | -0.1507** | -0.1560** | -0.1954** | -0.0480 | -0.1715 | 0.7323 | -1.1908*** | -0.1221 | -0.2212** |
(0.0693) | (0.0706) | (0.0902) | (0.1013) | (0.1480) | (0.8107) | (0.4040) | (0.0881) | (0.0896) | |
10 Years of RMAN | -0.2158* | -0.2072* | -0.2399* | 0.0641 | -0.0787 | 1.3198 | -7.1982** | -0.2003 | -0.2970** |
(0.1114) | (0.1072) | (0.1362) | (0.2030) | (0.2539) | (1.1685) | (3.4165) | (0.1232) | (0.1327) | |
3 Years of NRMN | -0.0475 | -0.0337 | -0.0595** | -0.0090 | -0.0168 | 0.0084 | -0.3276*** | -0.0213 | -0.0580* |
(0.0369) | (0.0276) | (0.0302) | (0.0543) | (0.0795) | (0.1077) | (0.1232) | (0.0328) | (0.0339) | |
5 Years of NRMN | -0.0702 | -0.0563 | -0.0964** | -0.0083 | -0.0396 | 0.0112 | -1.0685*** | -0.0358 | -0.0920* |
(0.0597) | (0.0442) | (0.0475) | (0.0956) | (0.1252) | (0.1712) | (0.4053) | (0.0527) | (0.0527) | |
10 Years of NRMN | -0.0867 | -0.1128 | -0.1717** | 0.0252 | -0.1458 | -0.0054 | -7.0638** | -0.0728 | -0.1499* |
(0.1044) | (0.0738) | (0.0741) | (0.2303) | (0.2056) | (0.3009) | (3.4280) | (0.0890) | (0.0805) | |
N | 1,875 | 1,875 | 1,875 | 779 | 532 | 426 | 1,096 | 1,343 | 1,449 |
Parameters | All | Stayers | Switchers | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1-Digit | 2-Digit | 3-Digit | 1-Digit | 2-Digit | 3-Digit | ||
GE | 0.0441*** | 0.0671** | 0.0968** | 0.1091** | 0.0220 | 0.0182 | 0.0191 |
Square | −3.1734** | −5.3253* | −7.8664** | −8.4873* | −1.1747 | −0.8613 | −1.0127 |
Cubic | 0.0798 | 0.1577 | 0.2429 | 0.2601 | 0.0149 | 0.0053 | 0.0117 |
Quartic | −0.0007 | −0.0016 | −0.0026 | −0.0029 | 0.0000 | 0.0001 | 0.0001 |
Female | −0.1146*** | −0.1306*** | −0.1394*** | −0.1811*** | −0.0833*** | −0.1000*** | −0.0954*** |
Education | 0.0343*** | 0.0425*** | 0.0395*** | 0.0421*** | 0.0282*** | 0.0313*** | 0.0312*** |
English: very good | 0.1901*** | 0.2190*** | 0.3175*** | 0.3378*** | 0.1424*** | 0.1196*** | 0.1397*** |
English: good | 0.0464 | 0.1140* | 0.2325*** | 0.3001*** | 0.0098 | 0.0101 | 0.0127 |
English: average | 0.0030 | 0.1244 | 0.1690 | 0.1922 | 0.0323 | 0.0036 | 0.0074 |
English: poor | −0.0051 | −0.0613 | 0.0757 | −0.0095 | 0.0339 | −0.0210 | −0.0014 |
Constant | 1.8596*** | 1.5168*** | 1.5945*** | 1.4258*** | 2.2338*** | 1.9325*** | 1.9323*** |
Other controls | |||||||
Work gap | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
Visa type | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
Region | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
Entry year | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
Source FE | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
N | 2,459 | 1,006 | 694 | 551 | 1,453 | 1,765 | 1,908 |
0.41 | 0.47 | 0.48 | 0.48 | 0.30 | 0.32 | 0.32 |
Parameters | All immigrant workers | Stayers | Switchers | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1-Digit | 2-Digit | 3-Digit | 1-Digit | 2-Digit | 3-Digit | 1-Digit | 2-Digit | 3-Digit | |
3 Years of GE | 0.1760* | 0.1846* | 0.1500 | 0.4061* | 0.3633 | 0.1398 | 0.0831 | 0.1185 | 0.0798 |
(0.0923) | (0.1041) | (0.0948) | (0.2311) | (0.4090) | (0.6474) | (0.1229) | (0.1230) | (0.1103) | |
5 Years of GE | 0.2305* | 0.2469* | 0.2016 | 0.5301* | 0.5082 | 0.2693 | 0.1101 | 0.1547 | 0.1022 |
(0.1254) | (0.1400) | (0.1287) | (0.3123) | (0.5486) | (0.8239) | (0.1676) | (0.1646) | (0.1489) | |
10 Years of GE | 0.2472 | 0.2745* | 0.2245 | 0.5553 | 0.6785 | 0.6249 | 0.1226 | 0.1559 | 0.0898 |
(0.1515) | (0.1626) | (0.1540) | (0.3731) | (0.6325) | (0.8101) | (0.2040) | (0.1881) | (0.1751) | |
3 Years of OE | 0.0987* | 0.1500** | 0.0937 | 0.0756 | 0.5110 | 0.5710 | 0.6353* | 0.1689 | -0.0209 |
(0.0526) | (0.0655) | (0.0654) | (0.2357) | (0.3857) | (0.4987) | (0.3402) | (0.1401) | (0.2099) | |
5 Years of OE | 0.1441** | 0.2115*** | 0.1642** | 0.1103 | 0.6086 | 0.6925 | 1.1647** | 0.1131 | -0.0394 |
(0.0673) | (0.0754) | (0.0764) | (0.3068) | (0.4993) | (0.6220) | (0.5758) | (0.2205) | (0.2622) | |
10 Years of OE | 0.1960** | 0.2680*** | 0.3069*** | 0.1567 | 0.4459 | 0.5522 | -7.5834 | 0.1198 | -0.0221 |
(0.0812) | (0.0816) | (0.0874) | (0.3279) | (0.5255) | (0.6007) | (6.6156) | (0.2012) | (0.2296) | |
3 Years of NRCA | 0.1723*** | 0.1410** | 0.1517*** | 0.2172** | 0.0608 | 0.0792 | -0.0269 | 0.3468 | 0.1511 |
(0.0523) | (0.0672) | (0.0533) | (0.0888) | (0.1396) | (0.1496) | (0.3994) | (0.2272) | (0.1445) | |
5 Years of NRCA | 0.2676*** | 0.2311** | 0.2454*** | 0.3888** | 0.1367 | 0.1243 | 0.1969 | 0.4681 | 0.2497 |
(0.0836) | (0.1043) | (0.0851) | (0.1783) | (0.2369) | (0.2941) | (1.0138) | (0.3039) | (0.2300) | |
10 Years of NRCA | 0.4144*** | 0.4183*** | 0.4202*** | 0.8856 | 0.4486 | 0.1879 | 0.7902 | 0.2194 | 0.4688 |
(0.1432) | (0.1583) | (0.1434) | (0.5842) | (0.5449) | (0.8443) | (3.9783) | (0.3063) | (0.3723) | |
3 Years of NRCI | 0.1345** | 0.0440 | -0.0247 | 0.1439 | 0.0879 | -0.1406 | -0.3496 | -0.0334 | -0.1156 |
(0.0582) | (0.0606) | (0.0850) | (0.0889) | (0.1111) | (0.1372) | (0.3881) | (0.0898) | (0.1134) | |
5 Years of NRCI | 0.2115** | 0.0794 | -0.0282 | 0.2344 | 0.1776 | -0.2412 | -2.4397 | -0.0488 | -0.1663 |
(0.0926) | (0.0951) | (0.1330) | (0.1420) | (0.1814) | (0.2131) | (2.4121) | (0.1405) | (0.1778) | |
10 Years of NRCI | 0.3247** | 0.1974 | 0.0336 | 0.3979 | 0.5180 | -0.4738 | -71.7340 | -0.0476 | -0.1348 |
(0.1511) | (0.1490) | (0.2000) | (0.2515) | (0.4038) | (0.3974) | (121.2068) | (0.2160) | (0.2685) | |
3 Years of RCOG | 0.0276 | 0.0365 | 0.1361* | 0.0657 | 0.0443 | 0.5681* | -0.3210 | -0.0994 | 0.0686 |
(0.0499) | (0.0562) | (0.0766) | (0.0715) | (0.1214) | (0.3288) | (0.2633) | (0.1271) | (0.0818) | |
5 Years of RCOG | 0.0412 | 0.0519 | 0.2159* | 0.0976 | 0.0502 | 0.8328* | -0.9807* | -0.1457 | 0.1130 |
(0.0789) | (0.0889) | (0.1178) | (0.1130) | (0.1990) | (0.4768) | (0.5243) | (0.1921) | (0.1253) | |
10 Years of RCOG | 0.0554 | 0.0487 | 0.3447** | 0.1191 | -0.0423 | 0.8509 | 3.5206 | -0.1366 | 0.2125 |
(0.1251) | (0.1412) | (0.1620) | (0.1890) | (0.3736) | (0.5677) | (3.6925) | (0.2496) | (0.1678) | |
3 Years of RMAN | -0.0849 | -0.2065*** | -0.1132 | -0.2363 | -0.6024* | -1.2319*** | -0.2865 | -0.2539 | -0.0172 |
(0.0705) | (0.0704) | (0.0823) | (0.2273) | (0.3363) | (0.4279) | (0.2435) | (0.1583) | (0.1004) | |
5 Years of RMAN | -0.1167 | -0.3115*** | -0.1732 | -0.3285 | -0.7913 | -1.8159*** | -1.0651** | -0.3592* | -0.0099 |
(0.1077) | (0.1061) | (0.1242) | (0.3321) | (0.4966) | (0.6387) | (0.5105) | (0.2123) | (0.1522) | |
10 Years of RMAN | -0.0699 | -0.3810*** | -0.2265 | -0.2156 | -0.2468 | -1.9637** | 3.3255 | -0.2931* | 0.1144 |
(0.1500) | (0.1407) | (0.1630) | (0.4088) | (0.6613) | (0.9023) | (3.6683) | (0.1712) | (0.2037) | |
3 Years of NRMN | -0.2291** | 0.0164 | -0.0255 | -0.5392*** | -0.0428 | -0.1844 | -0.4149 | 0.0315 | 0.0074 |
(0.1133) | (0.0358) | (0.0378) | (0.1923) | (0.1098) | (0.1508) | (0.2724) | (0.0473) | (0.0452) | |
5 Years of NRMN | -0.3224** | 0.0298 | -0.0381 | -0.8002*** | -0.1575 | -0.2577 | -0.6793 | 0.0542 | 0.0130 |
(0.1537) | (0.0577) | (0.0607) | (0.2754) | (0.1932) | (0.2623) | (0.4553) | (0.0742) | (0.0715) | |
10 Years of NRMN | -0.2811 | 0.0660 | -0.0518 | -0.9859 | -0.7656 | -0.2248 | -1.2970 | 0.0997 | 0.0210 |
(0.3164) | (0.0992) | (0.1034) | (0.6329) | (0.4689) | (0.6095) | (0.9176) | (0.1156) | (0.1151) | |
N | 584 | 584 | 584 | 227 | 162 | 125 | 357 | 422 | 459 |
Characteristics | CPS | NIS | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Full samplea | Employedb | Full samplec | Our sample | Our sample | |
w/o employment principal | |||||
Age | 37.32 | 35.89 | 37.38 | 37.41 | 37.51 |
(14.25) | (11.07) | (10.77) | (9.12) | (9.48) | |
Male | 0.52 | 0.64 | 0.49 | 0.60 | 0.58 |
(0.50) | (0.48) | (0.50) | (0.49) | (0.59) | |
Education (in years) | 11.14 | 11.59 | 13.22 | 14.38 | 13.88 |
(4.52) | (4.46) | (4.35) | (4.27) | (4.17) | |
% Employed† | 0.63 | 1.0 | 0.62 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
(0.48) | (0.49) | ||||
Hourly wage | 2.23†† | 2.33 | 2.18 | ||
(0.87) | (0.67) | (0.59) | |||
Observations | 13078 | 7521 | 11601 | 2460 | 1976 |
Parameters | All immigrant workers | Stayers | Switchers | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1-Digit | 2-Digit | 3-Digit | 1-Digit | 2-Digit | 3-Digit | 1-Digit | 2-Digit | 3-Digit | |
3 Years of GE | 0.0398 | 0.0448 | 0.0443 | 0.1139 | -0.0043 | 0.1525 | 0.0575 | 0.0319 | 0.0245 |
(0.0365) | (0.0375) | (0.0373) | (0.1192) | (0.1380) | (0.1543) | (0.0424) | (0.0404) | (0.0394) | |
5 Years of GE | 0.0568 | 0.0654 | 0.0650 | 0.1471 | 0.0042 | 0.2298 | 0.0841 | 0.0485 | 0.0386 |
(0.0498) | (0.0514) | (0.0510) | (0.1605) | (0.1849) | (0.2069) | (0.0582) | (0.0554) | (0.0539) | |
10 Years of GE | 0.0763 | 0.0901 | 0.0885 | 0.1346 | 0.0432 | 0.3502 | 0.1216* | 0.0728 | 0.0590 |
(0.0604) | (0.0628) | (0.0620) | (0.1866) | (0.2133) | (0.2405) | (0.0718) | (0.0678) | (0.0653) | |
3 Years of OE | 0.1492*** | 0.1678*** | 0.1872*** | 0.0394 | 0.2944** | 0.1157 | 0.5501*** | 0.0519 | 0.0719 |
(0.0261) | (0.0319) | (0.0349) | (0.1216) | (0.1288) | (0.1437) | (0.1616) | (0.0675) | (0.0789) | |
5 Years of OE | 0.1981*** | 0.2232*** | 0.2539*** | 0.0558 | 0.3836** | 0.1505 | 1.4284** | 0.0544 | 0.1610 |
(0.0335) | (0.0392) | (0.0431) | (0.1598) | (0.1675) | (0.1852) | (0.5558) | (0.0844) | (0.1443) | |
10 Years of OE | 0.2163*** | 0.2388*** | 0.2897*** | 0.0787 | 0.3852** | 0.1610 | 7.5671** | 0.0246 | 0.1821 |
(0.0419) | (0.0427) | (0.0479) | (0.1729) | (0.1768) | (0.1905) | (3.7792) | (0.1355) | (0.2131) | |
3 years of NRCA | 0.1725*** | 0.1693*** | 0.1305*** | 0.1306*** | 0.0892* | 0.0376 | 0.5014*** | 0.5412*** | 0.2400*** |
(0.0301) | (0.0355) | (0.0239) | (0.0346) | (0.0456) | (0.0406) | (0.1671) | (0.1274) | (0.0690) | |
5 years of NRCA | 0.2708*** | 0.2690*** | 0.2103*** | 0.2026*** | 0.1195 | 0.0438 | 0.1480 | 0.7628*** | 0.3798*** |
(0.0476) | (0.0552) | (0.0379) | (0.0593) | (0.0734) | (0.0726) | (0.2060) | (0.1839) | (0.1065) | |
10 years of NRCA | 0.4272*** | 0.4366*** | 0.3582*** | 0.3089** | 0.0711 | -0.0093 | -5.8783** | 0.5968** | 0.5885*** |
(0.0775) | (0.0832) | (0.0628) | (0.1448) | (0.1445) | (0.1874) | (2.8815) | (0.2753) | (0.1538) | |
3 years of NRCI | 0.0708** | -0.0106 | -0.0377 | 0.0697** | -0.0733 | -0.1589** | -0.1333 | 0.0309 | -0.0246 |
(0.0291) | (0.0333) | (0.0365) | (0.0341) | (0.0628) | (0.0731) | (0.1665) | (0.0381) | (0.0500) | |
5 years of NRCI | 0.1144** | -0.0153 | -0.0583 | 0.0991* | -0.1207 | -0.2650** | -0.7963** | 0.0468 | -0.0372 |
(0.0457) | (0.0520) | (0.0581) | (0.0552) | (0.1011) | (0.1216) | (0.3748) | (0.0592) | (0.0799) | |
10 years of NRCI | 0.1985*** | -0.0089 | -0.0843 | 0.0952 | -0.2041 | -0.4890* | -6.1920** | 0.0625 | -0.0477 |
(0.0719) | (0.0782) | (0.0946) | (0.1031) | (0.1819) | (0.2511) | (3.0430) | (0.0870) | (0.1333) | |
3 years of RCOG | -0.0404 | 0.0558* | 0.0049 | -0.0343 | 0.0524 | 0.0123 | -0.2918*** | 0.0767 | 0.0228 |
(0.0263) | (0.0290) | (0.0287) | (0.0297) | (0.0466) | (0.0997) | (0.1039) | (0.0560) | (0.0339) | |
5 years of RCOG | -0.0693* | 0.0866* | 0.0075 | -0.0513 | 0.0888 | 0.0204 | -0.8822*** | 0.1237 | 0.0365 |
(0.0415) | (0.0456) | (0.0458) | (0.0467) | (0.0769) | (0.1564) | (0.3146) | (0.0850) | (0.0538) | |
10 years of RCOG | -0.1430** | 0.1274* | 0.0100 | -0.0671 | 0.1708 | 0.0265 | -5.5867** | 0.2133* | 0.0589 |
(0.0656) | (0.0714) | (0.0745) | (0.0789) | (0.1539) | (0.2615) | (2.7181) | (0.1112) | (0.0869) | |
3 years of RMAN | -0.0713** | -0.1062*** | -0.1233*** | -0.0249 | -0.1196 | -0.1748 | -0.3068*** | -0.0993** | -0.1217** |
(0.0361) | (0.0361) | (0.0476) | (0.0537) | (0.0770) | (0.1368) | (0.0990) | (0.0491) | (0.0522) | |
5 years of RMAN | -0.1086* | -0.1617*** | -0.1869** | -0.0212 | -0.1583 | -0.2506 | -0.9394*** | -0.1500** | -0.1830** |
(0.0572) | (0.0563) | (0.0734) | (0.0876) | (0.1234) | (0.2118) | (0.3196) | (0.0746) | (0.0793) | |
10 years of RMAN | -0.1418 | -0.2143** | -0.2329** | 0.0829 | -0.0590 | -0.2258 | -5.8974** | -0.1916* | -0.2180* |
(0.0913) | (0.0850) | (0.1069) | (0.1618) | (0.2164) | (0.3226) | (2.8076) | (0.1000) | (0.1151) | |
3 years of NRMN | -0.0646** | -0.0167 | -0.0482** | -0.0598 | 0.0143 | -0.0204 | -0.2996*** | -0.0085 | -0.0368 |
(0.0327) | (0.0220) | (0.0219) | (0.0469) | (0.0513) | (0.0656) | (0.1016) | (0.0260) | (0.0251) | |
5 years of NRMN | -0.0978* | -0.0273 | -0.0771** | -0.0921 | 0.0182 | -0.0315 | -0.9177*** | -0.0142 | -0.0594 |
(0.0528) | (0.0352) | (0.0349) | (0.0803) | (0.0814) | (0.1089) | (0.3269) | (0.0417) | (0.0397) | |
10 years of NRMN | -0.1335 | -0.0532 | -0.1314** | -0.1293 | -0.0043 | -0.0566 | -5.7884** | -0.0302 | -0.1055* |
(0.0915) | (0.0588) | (0.0577) | (0.1834) | (0.1390) | (0.2267) | (2.8214) | (0.0703) | (0.0637) | |
N | 2,459 | 2,459 | 2,459 | 1,006 | 694 | 551 | 1,453 | 1,765 | 1,908 |
Parameters | All immigrant workers | Stayers | Switchers | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1-Digit | 2-Digit | 3-Digit | 1-Digit | 2-Digit | 3-Digit | 1-Digit | 2-Digit | 3-Digit | |
3 Years of GE | 0.0321 | 0.0111 | 0.0281 | 0.0204 | -0.0784 | 0.1812 | 0.0492 | 0.0050 | 0.0024 |
(0.0424) | (0.0435) | (0.0432) | (0.2204) | (0.2901) | (0.4032) | (0.0552) | (0.0471) | (0.0453) | |
5 Years of GE | 0.0487 | 0.0226 | 0.0456 | 0.0415 | -0.1135 | 0.2176 | 0.0751 | 0.0153 | 0.0106 |
(0.0582) | (0.0600) | (0.0596) | (0.2914) | (0.3826) | (0.5436) | (0.0763) | (0.0653) | (0.0627) | |
10 Years of GE | 0.0744 | 0.0548 | 0.0805 | 0.0851 | -0.1422 | 0.1868 | 0.1250 | 0.0519 | 0.0393 |
(0.0713) | (0.0745) | (0.0737) | (0.3240) | (0.4218) | (0.6501) | (0.0954) | (0.0823) | (0.0783) | |
3 Years of OE | 0.0021 | 0.0469 | 0.0690 | -0.0337 | 0.2275 | 0.1953 | 0.1271 | -0.0590 | -0.0385 |
(0.0345) | (0.0446) | (0.0513) | (0.2391) | (0.2964) | (0.4180) | (0.1631) | (0.0867) | (0.1096) | |
5 Years of OE | -0.0031 | 0.0633 | 0.0938 | -0.0673 | 0.2975 | 0.2536 | 0.0668 | -0.0619 | -0.1182 |
(0.0435) | (0.0548) | (0.0625) | (0.3101) | (0.3933) | (0.5641) | (0.2445) | (0.0995) | (0.2185) | |
10 Years of OE | -0.0099 | 0.0753 | 0.1122* | -0.1301 | 0.2918 | 0.2250 | -0.0404 | 0.0352 | 0.2721** |
(0.0505) | (0.0560) | (0.0635) | (0.3230) | (0.4352) | (0.6658) | (0.5675) | (0.1542) | (0.1153) | |
3 Years of NRCA | 0.4488*** | 0.3350** | 0.3329*** | 0.4362*** | 0.4590*** | 0.3877*** | 1.3619 | 0.0272 | -1.8790 |
(0.1081) | (0.1662) | (0.0781) | (0.1004) | (0.1700) | (0.1298) | (1.2122) | (0.2084) | (1.8057) | |
5 Years of NRCA | 0.6995*** | 0.5224** | 0.5329*** | 0.6630*** | 0.6845** | 0.6143*** | 1.7608 | 0.0427 | -13.5495 |
(0.1664) | (0.2519) | (0.1233) | (0.1676) | (0.2638) | (0.2115) | (1.5745) | (0.2720) | (12.1213) | |
10 Years of NRCA | 1.0409*** | 0.7750** | 0.8846*** | 0.8944** | 0.8183* | 0.9816** | -1.2174 | 0.0629 | -124.7749 |
(0.2348) | (0.3232) | (0.1933) | (0.3570) | (0.4395) | (0.4049) | (1.2194) | (0.2713) | (109.8213) | |
3 Years of NRCI | 0.1920*** | 0.1447** | 0.0464 | 0.1659* | 0.0843 | 0.0650 | -0.6430 | 0.0837 | 0.0127 |
(0.0649) | (0.0650) | (0.0523) | (0.0860) | (0.1811) | (0.1587) | (1.0663) | (0.0640) | (0.0663) | |
5 Years of NRCI | 0.3022*** | 0.2188** | 0.0752 | 0.2506* | 0.1210 | 0.0573 | -4.2488 | 0.1220 | 0.0229 |
(0.1021) | (0.0982) | (0.0835) | (0.1362) | (0.2850) | (0.2501) | (5.5933) | (0.0973) | (0.1063) | |
10 Years of NRCI | 0.4650*** | 0.2744** | 0.1316 | 0.3238 | 0.1206 | -0.1886 | -18.0374 | 0.1154 | 0.0594 |
(0.1574) | (0.1293) | (0.1388) | (0.2206) | (0.4585) | (0.4406) | (22.5806) | (0.1301) | (0.1780) | |
3 Years of RCOG | 0.0695** | 0.1542** | 0.0210 | 0.0784** | 0.2713*** | -0.2451 | -0.1316 | 0.1670 | 0.0292 |
(0.0319) | (0.0687) | (0.0368) | (0.0397) | (0.0954) | (0.2045) | (0.1350) | (0.2104) | (0.0437) | |
5 Years of RCOG | 0.1081** | 0.2450** | 0.0362 | 0.1357* | 0.4236** | -0.3285 | -0.1305 | 0.2679 | 0.0509 |
(0.0505) | (0.1081) | (0.0580) | (0.0709) | (0.1641) | (0.3469) | (0.2233) | (0.2912) | (0.0682) | |
10 Years of RCOG | 0.1597** | 0.3911** | 0.0799 | 0.2807 | 0.6208* | -0.1600 | 0.3139 | 0.4407* | 0.1167 |
(0.0810) | (0.1659) | (0.0902) | (0.1931) | (0.3596) | (0.7545) | (0.6260) | (0.2657) | (0.1020) | |
3 Years of RMAN | 0.0223 | -0.0267 | -0.0564 | 0.0023 | 0.0399 | -0.0587 | 0.0302 | -0.0398 | -0.0611 |
(0.0406) | (0.0402) | (0.0523) | (0.0672) | (0.1097) | (0.2125) | (0.1273) | (0.0538) | (0.0585) | |
5 Years of RMAN | 0.0362 | -0.0413 | -0.0830 | 0.0111 | 0.0981 | -0.0493 | 0.0243 | -0.0617 | -0.0889 |
(0.0644) | (0.0630) | (0.0808) | (0.1113) | (0.1833) | (0.3372) | (0.2105) | (0.0813) | (0.0903) | |
10 Years of RMAN | 0.0610 | -0.0606 | -0.0836 | 0.0660 | 0.3485 | 0.1781 | -0.1116 | -0.0878 | -0.0823 |
(0.1031) | (0.0954) | (0.1190) | (0.2241) | (0.3701) | (0.5942) | (0.5349) | (0.1080) | (0.1336) | |
3 Years of NRMN | 0.0451 | 0.0393 | 0.0093 | 0.0608 | 0.0528 | 0.0084 | -0.0012 | 0.0344 | 0.0230 |
(0.0370) | (0.0251) | (0.0225) | (0.0558) | (0.0600) | (0.0990) | (0.1388) | (0.0301) | (0.0250) | |
5 Years of NRMN | 0.0777 | 0.0599 | 0.0117 | 0.1188 | 0.0850 | -0.0344 | 0.0055 | 0.0512 | 0.0317 |
(0.0597) | (0.0402) | (0.0360) | (0.1093) | (0.0990) | (0.1636) | (0.2321) | (0.0484) | (0.0398) | |
10 Years of NRMN | 0.1545 | 0.0785 | -0.0010 | 0.3158 | 0.1344 | -0.3411 | 0.0492 | 0.0603 | 0.0185 |
(0.1032) | (0.0677) | (0.0601) | (0.3388) | (0.2402) | (0.3839) | (0.4685) | (0.0828) | (0.0655) | |
N | 1,230 | 1,230 | 1,230 | 423 | 251 | 188 | 807 | 979 | 1,042 |
Parameters | All | Stayers | Switchers | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1-Digit | 2-Digit | 3-Digit | 1-Digit | 2-Digit | 3-Digit | ||
3 Years of GE | 0.1059*** | 0.1574** | 0.2260*** | 0.2576** | 0.0557 | 0.0471 | 0.0486 |
5 Years of GE | 0.1508*** | 0.2208** | 0.3161*** | 0.3638*** | 0.0823 | 0.0704 | 0.0718 |
10 Years of GE | 0.1969*** | 0.2792** | 0.3980*** | 0.4734*** | 0.1175* | 0.1029 | 0.1021 |
N | 2,459 | 1,006 | 694 | 551 | 1,453 | 1,765 | 1,908 |
Parameters | All immigrant workers | Stayers | Switchers | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1-Digit | 2-Digit | 3-Digit | 1-Digit | 2-Digit | 3-Digit | 1-Digit | 2-Digit | 3-Digit | |
3 Years of GE | 0.0423 | 0.0579 | 0.0487 | 0.1302 | 0.1119 | 0.2343 | 0.0340 | 0.0601 | 0.0577 |
(0.0613) | (0.0647) | (0.0631) | (0.1642) | (0.1854) | (0.2139) | (0.0713) | (0.0732) | (0.0701) | |
5 Years of GE | 0.0613 | 0.0796 | 0.0696 | 0.1705 | 0.1479 | 0.3446 | 0.0530 | 0.0826 | 0.0818 |
(0.0834) | (0.0881) | (0.0860) | (0.2212) | (0.2460) | (0.2852) | (0.0973) | (0.0993) | (0.0953) | |
10 Years of GE | 0.0824 | 0.0906 | 0.0829 | 0.1500 | 0.1623 | 0.4883 | 0.0874 | 0.0911 | 0.0930 |
(0.1023) | (0.1070) | (0.1046) | (0.2588) | (0.2803) | (0.3233) | (0.1204) | (0.1192) | (0.1148) | |
3 Years of OE | 0.2438*** | 0.2027*** | 0.2390*** | 0.1312 | 0.2045 | 0.2030 | 0.4011* | 0.0811 | 0.1384 |
(0.0406) | (0.0499) | (0.0517) | (0.1702) | (0.2173) | (0.2467) | (0.2423) | (0.1263) | (0.1223) | |
5 Years of OE | 0.3249*** | 0.2753*** | 0.3170*** | 0.1838 | 0.2857 | 0.2550 | 0.5252 | 0.0791 | 0.1467 |
(0.0511) | (0.0579) | (0.0601) | (0.2193) | (0.2640) | (0.2964) | (0.7759) | (0.1918) | (0.1956) | |
10 Years of OE | 0.3598*** | 0.3231*** | 0.3559*** | 0.2491 | 0.3471 | 0.2623 | -1.8924 | 0.0520 | 0.1421 |
(0.0657) | (0.0691) | (0.0792) | (0.2275) | (0.2343) | (0.2472) | (6.0921) | (0.2221) | (0.3705) | |
3 Years of NRCA | 0.0974*** | 0.1193*** | 0.0819*** | 0.0540 | 0.0802 | -0.0774 | 0.3670* | 0.4823*** | 0.1625** |
(0.0349) | (0.0398) | (0.0265) | (0.0458) | (0.0545) | (0.0553) | (0.1877) | (0.1485) | (0.0735) | |
5 Years of NRCA | 0.1509*** | 0.1891*** | 0.1320*** | 0.0735 | 0.0963 | -0.1754* | 0.5738 | 0.6747*** | 0.2585** |
(0.0551) | (0.0623) | (0.0425) | (0.0895) | (0.0913) | (0.1007) | (0.3603) | (0.2191) | (0.1140) | |
10 Years of NRCA | 0.2305** | 0.3050*** | 0.2177*** | 0.0633 | -0.0232 | -0.5464** | 0.8697 | 0.4930 | 0.4028** |
(0.0915) | (0.0957) | (0.0753) | (0.2778) | (0.2112) | (0.2492) | (4.3292) | (0.3183) | (0.1679) | |
3 Years of NRCI | 0.0162 | -0.0716 | -0.1577** | 0.0280 | -0.1441 | -0.3815** | -0.0802 | -0.0096 | -0.0705 |
(0.0333) | (0.0449) | (0.0738) | (0.0463) | (0.0875) | (0.1541) | (0.2275) | (0.0520) | (0.1040) | |
5 Years of NRCI | 0.0281 | -0.1128 | -0.2451** | 0.0399 | -0.2501* | -0.5796** | -0.7691 | -0.0165 | -0.1131 |
(0.0528) | (0.0704) | (0.1127) | (0.0825) | (0.1399) | (0.2328) | (0.4741) | (0.0809) | (0.1602) | |
10 Years of NRCI | 0.0630 | -0.1668 | -0.3592** | 0.0427 | -0.5063** | -0.7201** | 10.9744 | -0.0271 | -0.1993 |
(0.0867) | (0.1076) | (0.1536) | (0.2151) | (0.2573) | (0.3350) | (8.7966) | (0.1203) | (0.2293) | |
3 Years of RCOG | -0.1492*** | 0.0115 | -0.0114 | -0.1664*** | -0.0353 | -0.0696 | -0.2244 | 0.0343 | -0.0110 |
(0.0433) | (0.0413) | (0.0493) | (0.0579) | (0.0772) | (0.3235) | (0.1660) | (0.0619) | (0.0568) | |
5 Years of RCOG | -0.2445*** | 0.0179 | -0.0197 | -0.2632*** | -0.0480 | -0.0967 | -0.4034 | 0.0589 | -0.0179 |
(0.0678) | (0.0623) | (0.0783) | (0.0892) | (0.1191) | (0.4602) | (0.4411) | (0.0941) | (0.0903) | |
10 Years of RCOG | -0.4438*** | 0.0316 | -0.0472 | -0.4201*** | -0.0254 | -0.0584 | 0.6228 | 0.1290 | -0.0359 |
(0.1042) | (0.0851) | (0.1260) | (0.1373) | (0.2005) | (0.4174) | (4.3398) | (0.1245) | (0.1456) | |
3 Years of RMAN | -0.4502*** | -0.3661*** | -0.4460*** | -0.3804** | -0.3015 | -1.1005 | -0.5958*** | -0.3799** | -0.4468*** |
(0.1383) | (0.0750) | (0.1238) | (0.1640) | (0.1998) | (0.8093) | (0.2085) | (0.1478) | (0.1422) | |
5 Years of RMAN | -0.6460*** | -0.5367*** | -0.6527*** | -0.5204** | -0.4058 | -1.5851 | -0.9189* | -0.5363** | -0.5378*** |
(0.1986) | (0.1131) | (0.1772) | (0.2375) | (0.2865) | (1.1642) | (0.4862) | (0.2090) | (0.1701) | |
10 Years of RMAN | -0.5692*** | -0.5387*** | -0.6689*** | -0.2808 | -0.1717 | -1.4468 | 0.7358 | -0.3697 | -0.2453 |
(0.2193) | (0.1488) | (0.1997) | (0.2893) | (0.3203) | (1.0872) | (4.3437) | (0.2373) | (0.1909) | |
3 Years of NRMN | -0.4705*** | -0.1811*** | -0.2608*** | -0.5581*** | -0.3921*** | -0.3708 | -0.4584*** | -0.1374** | -0.2441*** |
(0.0912) | (0.0570) | (0.0632) | (0.1313) | (0.1247) | (0.2681) | (0.1676) | (0.0695) | (0.0758) | |
5 Years of NRMN | -0.7159*** | -0.2863*** | -0.4073*** | -0.8678*** | -0.6327*** | -0.5690 | -0.5130 | -0.2160** | -0.3776*** |
(0.1344) | (0.0894) | (0.0974) | (0.2000) | (0.1989) | (0.4329) | (0.5157) | (0.1087) | (0.1163) | |
10 Years of NRMN | -0.9025*** | -0.4533*** | -0.6119*** | -1.2103*** | -1.0613*** | -0.8278 | 1.3055 | -0.3355** | -0.5412*** |
(0.1434) | (0.1346) | (0.1379) | (0.2992) | (0.3252) | (0.7594) | (5.0752) | (0.1630) | (0.1624) | |
N | 1,229 | 1,229 | 1,229 | 583 | 443 | 363 | 646 | 786 | 866 |
Occupation in first source country job | Occupation in last source country job | Occupation in first U.S. job | Classification | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|
X | X | X | Stayer | I |
X | Y | Y | Stayer | II |
X | Y | X | Switcher | I |
X | X | Y | Switcher | II |
X | Y | Z | Switcher | II |
Not working | Nonparticipant |
Parameters | All workers | Stayers | Switchers | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1-Digit | 2-Digit | 3-Digit | 1-Digit | 2-Digit | 3-Digit | ||
Hourly wage | 13.589 | 18.087 | 19.674 | 21.34 | 10.477 | 11.197 | 11.35 |
(15.882) | (19.697) | (19.717) | (20.23) | (11.610) | (13.359) | (13.59) | |
Education | 13.820 | 14.375 | 14.725 | 14.898 | 13.437 | 13.465 | 13.509 |
(4.000) | (3.969) | (3.751) | (3.817) | (3.975) | (4.038) | (3.997) | |
English (very good) | 0.411 | 0.533 | 0.597 | 0.613 | 0.327 | 0.338 | 0.352 |
(0.492) | (0.499) | (0.491) | (0.487) | (0.469) | (0.473) | (0.478) | |
English (good) | 0.140 | 0.132 | 0.120 | 0.118 | 0.145 | 0.148 | 0.146 |
(0.347) | (0.339) | (0.325) | (0.323) | (0.352) | (0.355) | (0.353) | |
English (average) | 0.057 | 0.036 | 0.029 | 0.031 | 0.072 | 0.069 | 0.065 |
(0.232) | (0.186) | (0.167) | (0.173) | (0.259) | (0.253) | (0.247) | |
English (poor) | 0.031 | 0.029 | 0.024 | 0.022 | 0.033 | 0.034 | 0.034 |
(0.174) | (0.167) | (0.155) | (0.146) | (0.179) | (0.181) | (0.181) | |
English (very poor) | 0.361 | 0.270 | 0.231 | 0.216 | 0.423 | 0.412 | 0.402 |
(0.480) | (0.444) | (0.421) | (0.412) | (0.494) | (0.492) | (0.490) | |
Female | 0.402 | 0.377 | 0.395 | 0.376 | 0.420 | 0.405 | 0.410 |
(0.490) | (0.485) | (0.489) | (0.485) | (0.494) | (0.491) | (0.492) | |
Employment principal | 0.197 | 0.305 | 0.373 | 0.437 | 0.122 | 0.127 | 0.127 |
(0.398) | (0.461) | (0.484) | (0.497) | (0.327) | (0.333) | (0.333) | |
Spouse of US citizen | 0.113 | 0.098 | 0.089 | 0.078 | 0.124 | 0.123 | 0.124 |
(0.317) | (0.298) | (0.285) | (0.268) | (0.329) | (0.328) | (0.329) | |
Diversity principal | 0.122 | 0.083 | 0.053 | 0.051 | 0.150 | 0.149 | 0.143 |
(0.328) | (0.275) | (0.225) | (0.220) | (0.357) | (0.357) | (0.350) | |
Spouse of principal immigrant | 0.308 | 0.304 | 0.301 | 0.279 | 0.310 | 0.310 | 0.316 |
(0.462) | (0.460) | (0.459) | (0.449) | (0.463) | (0.463) | (0.465) | |
Region of residence (east) | 0.369 | 0.387 | 0.379 | 0.377 | 0.356 | 0.365 | 0.366 |
(0.483) | (0.487) | (0.485) | (0.485) | (0.479) | (0.481) | (0.482) | |
Region of residence (west) | 0.275 | 0.271 | 0.261 | 0.260 | 0.278 | 0.281 | 0.280 |
(0.447) | (0.445) | (0.439) | (0.439) | (0.448) | (0.450) | (0.449) | |
Region of residence (south) | 0.184 | 0.183 | 0.192 | 0.176 | 0.185 | 0.181 | 0.186 |
(0.388) | (0.387) | (0.394) | (0.381) | (0.388) | (0.385) | (0.390) | |
Years between last source job and US job | 1.924 | 1.744 | 1.643 | 1.421 | 2.049 | 2.035 | 2.069 |
(3.709) | (3.633) | (3.693) | (3.130) | (3.758) | (3.711) | (3.849) | |
Workers | 2,460 | 1,006 | 694 | 551 | 1,454 | 1,766 | 1,909 |