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Prevalence and distribution of urinary schistosomiasis among senior primary school pupils of Siphofaneni area in the low veld of Eswatini: A cross-sectional study


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Fig. 1.

Map of Eswatini, commercial at (@) indicating the study location-Siphofaneni. The enlarged map indicating the Siphofaneni area.
Map of Eswatini, commercial at (@) indicating the study location-Siphofaneni. The enlarged map indicating the Siphofaneni area.

Socio-demographic characteristics of participants.

Variable Sample size (n) %
Name of school
  Othandweni Primary 48 24.0
  Madlenya Primary 42 21.0
  Siphofaneni Primary 71 35.5
  Mkhweli Primary 39 19.5
Age Group of participants
  10–14 170 85.0
  ≥15 30 15.0
Gender
  Male 91 45.5
  Female 109 54.5
Present Grade
  Grade 5 94 47.0
  Grade 6 68 34.0
  Grade 7 38 19.0

Prevalence and distribution of Schistosomiasis.

Variable Sample size (n) %
Reported blood in urine
  Yes 14 7.0
  No 186 93.0
Treated for bilharzia in the past 6 months
  Yes 7 3.5
  No 193 96.5
Prevalence of schistosomiasis
  Positive 32 16.0
  Negative 168 84.0
Mean number of eggs in 10ml
  0 eggs 170 85.0
  200 eggs 24 12.0
  400 eggs 6 3.0
Presence of RBC in Urine
  Positive 82 41.0
  Negative 118 59.0

Factors associated with the prevalence of Schistosomiasis.

Variable Schistosomiasis

Negative Positive χ2 p-value
Gender 0.365 0.391
  Males 78 13
  Females 90 19
Reported blood in urine ND 0.001*
  No 168 18
  Yes 0 14
Present grade 0.253 0.823
  Grade 5 80 14
  Grade 6 57 11
  Grade 7 31 7
History of bilharzia in the last 6 months 1.382 0.240
  Yes 161 32
  No 7 0
Number of eggs in 10 ml urine 170.942 0.001*
  0 167 3
  200 1 23
  400 0 6
Presence of RBC in urine 49.167 0.001*
  No 117 1
  Yes 51 31
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Life Sciences, Zoology, Ecology, other, Medicine, Clinical Medicine, Microbiology, Virology and Infection Epidemiology