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First report of Xiphinema diffusum from Pakistan

E. Shokoohi
E. Shokoohi
, 
K. Nasira
K. Nasira
, 
E. Iqbal
E. Iqbal
, 
S. Hussain
S. Hussain
 y 
P. W Mashela
P. W Mashela
   | 10 feb 2021
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Article Category: Research Article
Publicado en línea: 10 feb 2021
Páginas: 92 - 99
Recibido: 03 jun 2020
Aceptado: 10 sept 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/helm-2021-0012
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© 2021 E. Shokoohi, K. Nasira, E. Iqbal, S. Hussain, P. W Mashela, published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Fig 1

Xiphinema diffusum Lamberti & Bleve-Zacheo, 1979. A: Anterior end. B: Amphid. C: Odontostyle and odontophore. D: Vaginal region. E: Female posterior end. F: Juvenile posterior end. G: Entire female.
Xiphinema diffusum Lamberti & Bleve-Zacheo, 1979. A: Anterior end. B: Amphid. C: Odontostyle and odontophore. D: Vaginal region. E: Female posterior end. F: Juvenile posterior end. G: Entire female.

Fig 2

Xiphinema diffusum Lamberti & Bleve-Zacheo, 1979. A: Anterior end. B: Odontostyle. C: Pharyngeal-intestinal junction. D, E: Vaginal region. E: Female posterior end. (scale bar = 20 μm)
Xiphinema diffusum Lamberti & Bleve-Zacheo, 1979. A: Anterior end. B: Odontostyle. C: Pharyngeal-intestinal junction. D, E: Vaginal region. E: Female posterior end. (scale bar = 20 μm)

Fig 3

MrBayes tree of the Xiphinema diffusum populations from GenBank and newly sequenced from Pakistan based on the 18S rDNA gene under GTR+I+G model ((-lnL = 4705.5454; AIC = 9583.090780; freqA = 0.2774; freqC = 0.2134; freqG = 0.2590; freqT = 0.2502; R(a) [AC] = 1.2052; R(b) [AG] = 2.9726; R(c) [AT] = 1.6440; R(d) [CG] = 0.4703; R(e) [CT] = 4.9113; R(f) [GT] = 1.0000; p-inv = 0.5080; gamma shape = 0.2770).
MrBayes tree of the Xiphinema diffusum populations from GenBank and newly sequenced from Pakistan based on the 18S rDNA gene under GTR+I+G model ((-lnL = 4705.5454; AIC = 9583.090780; freqA = 0.2774; freqC = 0.2134; freqG = 0.2590; freqT = 0.2502; R(a) [AC] = 1.2052; R(b) [AG] = 2.9726; R(c) [AT] = 1.6440; R(d) [CG] = 0.4703; R(e) [CT] = 4.9113; R(f) [GT] = 1.0000; p-inv = 0.5080; gamma shape = 0.2770).

Morphometric of Xiphinema diffusum Lamberti & Bleve-Zacheo, 1979. Mean ± SD (range) in μm except for L.

Females (n = 8) J1 (n = 1) J2 (n = 4) J3 (n = 1)
L 1.736 ± 103.02 (1.6 – 1.9) (1063) 1073 ± 33.5 (1.0 – 1.1) (1317)
a 44.3 ± 1.8 (42 – 47) 40.8 46.1 ± 0.9 (45.0 – 47.2) 50.6
b 6.2 ± 0.5 (5.7 – 7.1) 5.0 4.7 ± 0.4 (4.3 – 5.3) 4.8
c 60.1 ± 2.5 (57 – 64) 44.2 30.2 ± 3.5 (28.1 – 34.8) 43.9
c’ 1.1 ± 0.1 (0.9 – 1.2) 1.7 2.3 ± 0.5 (1.9 – 3.0) 1.6
V 52.4 ± 0.9 (52 – 54) – – –
Odontostyle 87.5 ± 1.7 (85 – 90) 62 62.2 ± 1.8 (60 – 64) 71
Odontophore 52.8 ± 1.1 (51 – 54) 42 37.2 ± 0.8 (36 – 38) 42
Total stylet 140 ± 0 (138 – 144) 104 99.5 ± 1.1 (98 – 101) 113
Replacement odontostyle – 72 74 ± 3.1 (70 – 78) 86
Oral aperture to guiding ring 68.3 ± 5.41 (62 – 76) 46 47.2 ± 1.9 (45 – 50) 57
Pharyngeal bulb length 66.8 ± 2.6 (64 – 79) 44 51.5 ± 4.0 (46 – 57) 56
Pharyngeal bulb width 19.7 ± 0.6 (19 – 21) 18 15.7 ± 0.4 (15 – 16) 18
Body diameter at lip region 11.8 ± 0.7 (11 – 13) 9 8.5 ± 0.5 (8 – 9) 10
Body diameter at guiding ring 27.7 ± 1.1 (26 – 29) 20 18.5 ± 0.5 (18 – 19) 23
Body diameter at base of pharynx 34.8 ± 1.1 (33 – 36) 26 23.5 ± 0.5 (23 – 24) 29
Body diameter at vulva 37.8 ± 3.4 (34 – 44) – – –
Body diameter at anus 26.8 ± 1.3 (25 – 28) 14 15 ± 0.70 (14 – 16) 19
Body diameter at beginning of J 13.3 ± 1.1 (12 – 15) 6 5.7 ± 0.4 (5 – 6) 7
Genital Primordium (GP %) – 54.5 53.0 ± 2.2 (49.5 – 55.5) 52.0
Hyaline portion of tail (J) 7.9 ± 0.2 (7.5 – 8.0) 6 7.0 ± 0.70 (6 – 7) 7
Tail 35.5 ± 5.5 (30 – 42) 24 29 ± 0.8 (28 – 30) 30
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