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Prolonged Head-Down Posture of Bats Induces Remodeling of the Aorta

James Olumide Ashaolu
James Olumide Ashaolu
, 
Bernard Ufuoma Enaibe
Bernard Ufuoma Enaibe
 y 
Moyosore Salihu Ajao
Moyosore Salihu Ajao
   | 01 jul 2015
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Article Category: Research Article
Publicado en línea: 01 jul 2015
Páginas: 29 - 38
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/gsr-2015-0003
© 2015 James Olumide Ashaolu et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Figure 1.

Changes in ascending aorta tunica media and tunica adventitia with prolonged head-down posture. Values are mean ± SEM, n=5 in each group. * indicate statistical difference of B, C, D compared to A (P<0.05)
Changes in ascending aorta tunica media and tunica adventitia with prolonged head-down posture. Values are mean ± SEM, n=5 in each group. * indicate statistical difference of B, C, D compared to A (P<0.05)

Figure 2.

Changes in abdominal aorta tunica media and adventitia with prolonged inversion. * indicate statistical differences in B, C, D compared to A (P<0.05)
Changes in abdominal aorta tunica media and adventitia with prolonged inversion. * indicate statistical differences in B, C, D compared to A (P<0.05)

Figure 3.

Representative photomicrographs showing bat ascending aortic cross section for the groups A, B, C, and D with H&E staining for smooth muscle. A (control) smooth muscle component appears compacted. B (8 day inversion) smooth muscle component appears tortuous and spaces. C (15 day inversion) smooth muscle component appears tortuous with spaces. D (22 day inversion) smooth muscle component appears tortuous and compacted. Thick arrows indicate tunica media smooth muscle, thin arrows point to smooth muscle nuclei, and asterisks marks lumen. Magnification = x400.
Representative photomicrographs showing bat ascending aortic cross section for the groups A, B, C, and D with H&E staining for smooth muscle. A (control) smooth muscle component appears compacted. B (8 day inversion) smooth muscle component appears tortuous and spaces. C (15 day inversion) smooth muscle component appears tortuous with spaces. D (22 day inversion) smooth muscle component appears tortuous and compacted. Thick arrows indicate tunica media smooth muscle, thin arrows point to smooth muscle nuclei, and asterisks marks lumen. Magnification = x400.

Figure 4.

Representative micrographs showing ascending aortic collagen deposition for the groups A, B, C, and D with Van Gieson staining. A (control) showed collagen fibrillar bundles with close packing. B (8 days inversion) collagen fibers are straight and widened media filled with collagen. C (15 day inversion) showed highly tortuous and interwoven collagen fiber; widened media filled with collagen fibers are seen. D (22 day inversion) showed highly tortuous, interwoven, and widened media filled with collagen fibers. Thick arrows point to collagen fibers. Bent arrows indicate fibrocyte or smooth muscle nuclei. Asterisk indicates vessel lumen. Four point star lies in the tunica adventitia. Magnification = x400.
Representative micrographs showing ascending aortic collagen deposition for the groups A, B, C, and D with Van Gieson staining. A (control) showed collagen fibrillar bundles with close packing. B (8 days inversion) collagen fibers are straight and widened media filled with collagen. C (15 day inversion) showed highly tortuous and interwoven collagen fiber; widened media filled with collagen fibers are seen. D (22 day inversion) showed highly tortuous, interwoven, and widened media filled with collagen fibers. Thick arrows point to collagen fibers. Bent arrows indicate fibrocyte or smooth muscle nuclei. Asterisk indicates vessel lumen. Four point star lies in the tunica adventitia. Magnification = x400.

Figure 5.

Representative photomicrographs of Orcein stained elastin fiber in bat ascending aortic cross sections for the control (A) and test groups (B, C, D). Thick Arrows point to elastin fibers. Asterisk marks vessel lumen. In A, elastin fibers are closely packed bundles in the tunica media. In B, C, and D, elastin fibers are less densely packed and appear more tortuous and interconnected. Elastin fibers populate the whole width of the wider tunica media in B, C, and D. Magnification = x400.
Representative photomicrographs of Orcein stained elastin fiber in bat ascending aortic cross sections for the control (A) and test groups (B, C, D). Thick Arrows point to elastin fibers. Asterisk marks vessel lumen. In A, elastin fibers are closely packed bundles in the tunica media. In B, C, and D, elastin fibers are less densely packed and appear more tortuous and interconnected. Elastin fibers populate the whole width of the wider tunica media in B, C, and D. Magnification = x400.

Figure 6.

Representative H&E stained sections of the abdominal aortae of the test and control bats. The tunica media (m) in A (control) is thicker than in the test groups. In plate B (8 days inversion), the smooth muscle layer are arranged in parallel straight rows. The tunica adventitia (a) is thin and less dense than control. In plates C (15 day inversion) and D (22 day inversion), the smooth muscle is aligned straight and appears less dense than control. Tunica adventitia component has a loose and dense matrix than control. The star symbol marks the lumen. Magnification = x100.
Representative H&E stained sections of the abdominal aortae of the test and control bats. The tunica media (m) in A (control) is thicker than in the test groups. In plate B (8 days inversion), the smooth muscle layer are arranged in parallel straight rows. The tunica adventitia (a) is thin and less dense than control. In plates C (15 day inversion) and D (22 day inversion), the smooth muscle is aligned straight and appears less dense than control. Tunica adventitia component has a loose and dense matrix than control. The star symbol marks the lumen. Magnification = x100.

Figure 7.

Representative cross sections of the abdominal aorta in control (A) and test groups (B, C, D) Van Gieson stained for collagen. In A (control), collagen is intensively stained in the adventitia. In B (8 day inversion), reduction in collagen is evident in the tunica adventitia. In C (15 day inversion), collagen reduction is evident in the adventitia. In D (22 day inversion), tunica adventitia light staining indicates fewer collagen. The star marks the lumen. Magnification = x100.
Representative cross sections of the abdominal aorta in control (A) and test groups (B, C, D) Van Gieson stained for collagen. In A (control), collagen is intensively stained in the adventitia. In B (8 day inversion), reduction in collagen is evident in the tunica adventitia. In C (15 day inversion), collagen reduction is evident in the adventitia. In D (22 day inversion), tunica adventitia light staining indicates fewer collagen. The star marks the lumen. Magnification = x100.
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