Natural Dyeing with Madder: Exploring Traditional Techniques and Color Characteristics

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Methods of cotton fabric pretreatment in different regions of the world

Pretreatment Material	Method Origin	Pretreatment Process
Chebule	Japan
Chebule & milk	Indian
Milk	Turkey
Gallnut	Europe

Recipes of pre-treatment procedure of cotton fabrics

Pretreatment Material	Recipes and procedure of pre-treatment
Chebule	5 pieces of cotton fabric (2g/piece)	Chebule: 250g; distilled water: 2.5L
Chebule & milk		Chebule: 125g; milk: 125g; distilled water: 2.5L
Milk		Milk: 250g; distilled water: 2.5L
Gallnut		Gallnut: 250g; distilled water: 2.5L

Recipes of dyeing procedure of fabrics

Recipes of Dyeing Process	Type of Method
	Chinese (I)	Chinese (II)	European	Turkish	Japanese
Recipe of Madder	Madder (owf)=400%
Recipe of Mordant	Alums (owf) = 15%		Alums (owf) = 20% Potassium acid Tartrate (owf) = 6%	Club moss (owf) = 100%	Burnt alum (owf) = 15%
Implementation of Dyeing	Refer to Figure 1	Refer to Figure 2	Refer to Figure 3	Refer to Figure 4	Refer to Figure 5
owf: on weight of fabrics

Comparison of the dyeing effect between cotton fabric and pre-treated cotton fabric The color shown from left to right: cotton fabric, cotton fabric pre-treated with chebule, cotton fabric pre-treated with chebule & milk, cotton fabric pre-treated with milk, cotton fabric pre-treated with gallnut_

Type of dyeinq method	Color effects of cotton fabrics
Chinese(I)
Chinese(II)
European
Turkish
Japanese