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Influence of Rheum taxa and harvesting date on the content of L-ascorbic acid and oxalic acid in the climatic conditions of South Moravia (Czech Republic)

Jarmila Neugebauerová
Jarmila Neugebauerová
, 
Eliška Hakalová
Eliška Hakalová
, 
Lucia Nedorost Ragasová
Lucia Nedorost Ragasová
, 
Jana Čechová
Jana Čechová
, 
Jana Raddová
Jana Raddová
, 
Dorota Tekielska
Dorota Tekielska
 y 
Robert Pokluda
Robert Pokluda
   | 31 dic 2023
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Article Category: ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Publicado en línea: 31 dic 2023
Páginas: 449 - 465
Recibido: 10 ago 2023
Aceptado: 10 nov 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/fhort-2023-0032
Palabras clave
© 2023 Jarmila Neugebauerová et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Figure 1.

Phylogenetic tree based on UPGMA analysis and Jaccard’s similarity coefficient of Rheum morphological data. The distance-based clustering analysis was performed using FreeTree v.0.9.1.50 software (Hampl et al., 2001). UPGMA, unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic averages.
Phylogenetic tree based on UPGMA analysis and Jaccard’s similarity coefficient of Rheum morphological data. The distance-based clustering analysis was performed using FreeTree v.0.9.1.50 software (Hampl et al., 2001). UPGMA, unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic averages.

Figure 2.

RDA ordination diagram showing the relationships between accessions, sampling terms and content of oxalic and L-ascorbic acid, pseudo -F = 7.1, p = 0.002. The position of accessions RR8 and RR5 in the diagram close to T6 (Term 6) and L-ascorbic acid content implicate a positive correlation between these variables and factors. Distinctive negative correlations are found between accession RR47 and oxalic acid content, RR20, RR12, and RR23, and L-ascorbic acid content. Regarding the content of acids in terms, the position of T1 (first term) expresses a negative correlation to oxalic acid content, and the contrary T6 (last term) indicates a notable positive correlation to L-ascorbic content. RDA, redundancy analysis.
RDA ordination diagram showing the relationships between accessions, sampling terms and content of oxalic and L-ascorbic acid, pseudo -F = 7.1, p = 0.002. The position of accessions RR8 and RR5 in the diagram close to T6 (Term 6) and L-ascorbic acid content implicate a positive correlation between these variables and factors. Distinctive negative correlations are found between accession RR47 and oxalic acid content, RR20, RR12, and RR23, and L-ascorbic acid content. Regarding the content of acids in terms, the position of T1 (first term) expresses a negative correlation to oxalic acid content, and the contrary T6 (last term) indicates a notable positive correlation to L-ascorbic content. RDA, redundancy analysis.

Figure 3.

UPGMA tree based on Rheum molecular data from 15 ISSR markers. The difference/similarity matrix based on UPGMA and Jaccard’s similarity coefficient was used to construct the tree by the FreeTree v.0.9.1.50 software (Hampl et al., 2001). UPGMA, unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic averages.
UPGMA tree based on Rheum molecular data from 15 ISSR markers. The difference/similarity matrix based on UPGMA and Jaccard’s similarity coefficient was used to construct the tree by the FreeTree v.0.9.1.50 software (Hampl et al., 2001). UPGMA, unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic averages.

Figure 4.

RDA ordination diagram evaluating the relationships between groups (based on molecular data Figure 3), sampling terms and content of oxalic and L-ascorbic acid, pseudo -F = 7.4, p = 0.002. The position of Group 2 in the diagram close to L-ascorbic content and Term 6 indicates a strong positive correlation between these factors and variables. The position of Group 1a in the diagram shows a notable negative correlation to oxalic acid content. A weaker positive correlation with oxalic acid content occurs for Group 1b or 3 according to this ordination diagram. RDA, redundancy analysis.
RDA ordination diagram evaluating the relationships between groups (based on molecular data Figure 3), sampling terms and content of oxalic and L-ascorbic acid, pseudo -F = 7.4, p = 0.002. The position of Group 2 in the diagram close to L-ascorbic content and Term 6 indicates a strong positive correlation between these factors and variables. The position of Group 1a in the diagram shows a notable negative correlation to oxalic acid content. A weaker positive correlation with oxalic acid content occurs for Group 1b or 3 according to this ordination diagram. RDA, redundancy analysis.

Supplementary Graph 1.

Content of L-ascorbic acid (mean values) in rhubarb accession during six sampling terms.
Content of L-ascorbic acid (mean values) in rhubarb accession during six sampling terms.

Supplementary Graph 2.

Content of oxalic acid (mean values) in rhubarb accession during six sampling terms (explanatory notes - see hereabove after Supplementary Graph 1).
Content of oxalic acid (mean values) in rhubarb accession during six sampling terms (explanatory notes - see hereabove after Supplementary Graph 1).

Classification of leaf petiole morphological data and selected substances content (Turečková et al., 2001).

Trait Description
Leaf – petiole skin colour above base 1 = green, 2 = rose, 3 = red stripped
Leaf – petiole skin colour at the base 1 = green, 2 = rose, 3 = red stripped, 4 = red, 5 = dark red
Leaf – shape of petiole base in cross-section 1 = oval, 2 = reniform, 3 = semi-circular
Leaf – surface of petiole lower (abaxial) side 1 = smooth, 2 = ribbed
Leaf – flesh colour at the petiole base 1 = green, 2 = green to white, 3 = green to rose, 4 = red to dark red
Leaf – petiole thickness (diameter) (mm) 1 = very small (<20), 3 = small (20-25), 5 = intermediate (26-30)
Leaf – petiole L-ascorbic acid content (mg · kg-1 FW) 1 = very low (<50), 3 = low (50-150), 5 = intermediate (151-250), 7 = high (251-350), 9 = very high (>350)
Leaf – petiole oxalic acid content (mg · kg-1 FW) 1 = very low (<1500), 3 = low (1500-2500), 5 = intermediate (2501–3500), 7 = high (3501-4500), 9 = very high (>4500)
Leaf – petiole total soluble solids content (%) 1 = very low (<2.0), 3 = low (2.0-3.5), 5 = intermediate (3.6-5.0), 7 = high (5.1-6.5), 9 = very high (>6.5)

Correlation coefficient of L-ascorbic acid and oxalic acid in Rheum rhubarbarum accessions for individual harvesting terms (red values are significant at α level 0.05).

Accession 03.05.2022 17.05.2022 31.05.2022 14.06.2022 28.06.2022 12.07.2022
42H7500001 -0.999992 0.900138 0.722004 0.693218 0.462415 0.953726
42H7500003 -0.551535 -0.764839 -0.795861 -0.275743 -0.464849 0.268219
42H7500004 0.995162 -0.011417 -0.980462 0.010893 -0.918308 -0.259346
42H7500005 0.693380 0.721893 -0.840521 0.306089 0.418912 0.033346
42H7500006 -0.495380 0.999667 -0.972016 -0.170747 -0.111774 -0.181601
42F7500008 0.963472 -0.850060 0.519917 -0.255376 0.242785 -0.190471
42H7500011 0.992796 0.878552 -0.336647 0.878170 -0.757353 -0.978263
42H7500016 0.925750 -0.986940 -0.760368 0.630009 0.997758 -0.785389
42H7500020 -0.564960 -0.278109 0.000230 0.175259 0.988205 0.941517
42H7500023 0.822302 0.570501 0.699590 -0.974260 -0.875252 0.668926
42H7500025 0.291533 0.999393 -0.969792 0.992495 -0.888897 -0.005509
42H7500030 0.200544 0.729887 -0.707420 0.325131 0.744921 0.995225
42H7500044 -0.931785 0.999230 -0.097143 -0.026990 -0.694324 0.879198
42H7500047 0.787395 -0.138509 -0.524755 -0.340026 0.514848 -0.619189

Weather conditions during sampling terms.

Sampling term 3.5.2022 17.5.2022 31.5.2022 14.6.2022 28.6.2022 12.7.2022
Period of meteorological data 19.4.-2.5. 3.5.-16.5. 17.5.-30.5. 31.5.-13.6. 14.6.-27.6. 28.6.-11.7.
record 2022 2022 2022 2022 2022 2022
Day temperature average (°C) 11.09285714 17.28571429 16.57142857 19.85 21.15714 21.3
Maximum day temperature (°C) 17.1 24.09285714 22.86428571 26.1 28.24286 27.54286
Precipitation (mm) 11.8 16 9.5 49.7 28.1 21.2

Data of 4-year observation of Rheum petiole descriptors.

Plant ID Petiole skin colour above base Petiole skin colour at the base Shape of petiole base in cross-section The surface of the petiole abaxial side Flesh colour at the petiole base Petiole thickness diameter (mm) Petiole L-ascorbic acid content (mg · kg-1 FW) Petiole oxalic acid content (mg · kg-1 FW) Petiole soluble solids content (%)
42H7500001 2 2 2 1 1 3 3 9 5
42H7500003 2 4 1 2 3 1 3 9 5
42H7500004 3 3 3 1 2 3 3 9 5
42H7500005 2 5 3 1 3 1 5 9 5
42H7500006 2 5 1 2 4 3 3 9 5
42H7500008 2 4 3 2 1 1 5 9 5
42H7500011 1 5 2 1 1 1 5 9 5
42H7500012 1 4 3 2 1 1 3 9 3
42H7500014 1 1 3 2 3 1 3 9 5
42H7500016 1 5 2 2 3 1 3 9 5
42H7500020 3 2 3 1 4 1 3 9 5
42H7500023 3 4 3 1 2 1 5 9 5
42H7500025 1 5 2 2 1 1 5 9 3
42H7500030 3 5 2 2 1 1 5 9 5
42H7500044 1 4 2 1 3 3 5 9 5
42H7500047 3 4 2 2 1 1 5 9 5

Oxalic acid content for Rheum species (mg · 100 g-1 FW) in the studied period.

Taxa 03/05/2022 17/05/2022 31/05/2022 14/06/2022 28/06/2022 12/07/2022
R. palmatum × wittrockii
42H7500012 670.19 ± 0.02 1036.48 ± 0.04 1413.99 ± 0.03 1636.8 ± 0.02 2315.14 ± 0.12 1454.68 ± 0.04
R. rhabarbarum
42H7500001 453.79 ± 0.01 1375.85 ± 0.02 1991.31 ± 0.03 1752.99 ± 0.03 1504.59 ± 0.02 1463.98 ± 0.05
42H7500003 540.69 ± 0.03 616.96 ± 0.02 723.53 ± 0.04 620.69 ± 0.01 1111.35 ± 0.02 761.63 ± 0.02
42H7500004 792.38 ± 0.00 1005.73 ± 0.02 889.51 ± 0.05 981.64 ± 0.05 2287.14 ± 0.08 711.01 ± 0.04
42H7500005 598.80 ± 0.00 987.47 ± 0.05 793.82 ± 0.01 843.32 ± 0.06 707.70 ± 0.02 1317.66 ± 0.11
42H7500006 354.81 ± 0.02 585.79 ± 0.00 926.35 ± 0.04 1686.64 ± 0.14 1050.84 ± 0.01 1194.20 ± 0.01
42F7500008 407.26 ± 0.01 448.45 ± 0.01 1743.34 ± 0.03 1927.36 ± 0.14 1281.33 ± 0.08 1546.97 ± 0.03
42H7500011 451.24 ± 0.01 456.33 ± 0.03 833.45 ± 0.00 817.21 ± 0.02 700.95 ± 0.01 936.17 ± 0.00
42H7500016 296.99 ± 0.01 432.20 ± 0.01 402.99 ± 0.00 807.39 ± 0.05 486.89 ± 0.00 699.58 ± 0.01
42H7500020 460.39 ± 0.01 1523.02 ± 0.05 1442.98 ± 0.01 2034.83 ± 0.08 1229.00 ± 0.01 1138.73 ± 0.04
42H7500023 921.14 ± 0.01 869.45 ± 0.01 861.78 ± 0.01 1527.04 ± 0.03 539.44 ± 0.04 836.12 ± 0.00
42H7500025 570.38 ± 0.02 561.60 ± 0.01 656.61 ± 0.01 906.80 ± 0.05 679.91 ± 0.00 689.21 ± 0.00
42H7500030 436.23 ± 0.01 671.23 ± 0.00 985.26 ± 0.01 1839.81 ± 0.03 835.38 ± 0.02 881.95 ± 0.01
42H7500044 942.77 ± 0.03 1345.46 ± 0.07 1573.44 ± 0.03 1691.24 ± 0.04 1276.30 ± 0.02 1835.46 ± 0.03
42H7500047 756.72 ± 0.03 1473.44 ± 0.05 1330.53 ± 0.02 1739.93 ± 0.04 981.73 ± 0.00 972.80 ± 0.04
R. rhaponticum
42H7500014 811.57 ± 0.03 1628.48 ± 0.01 1983.39 ± 0.01 1974.29 ± 0.07 2266.68 ± 0.02 1479.83 ± 0.05

j.fhort-2023-0032.tab.011

Explanatory notes
RR1 42H7500001 R. rhabarbarum Jara RRhap 42H7500014 R. rhaponticum
RR3 42H7500003 R. rhabarbarum Victoria RR16 42H7500016 R. rhabarbarum Timperley Early
RR4 42H7500004 R. rhabarbarum Dawes Chalenge RR20 42H7500020 R. rhabarbarum
RR5 42H7500005 R. rhabarbarum The Sutton RR23 42H7500023 R. rhabarbarum
RR6 42H7500006 R. rhabarbarum Holsteiner Blut RR25 42H7500025 R. rhabarbarum Glaskins Perpetual
RR8 42F7500008 R. rhabarbarum RR30 42H7500030 R. rhabarbarum Krupnochereshkovyj
RR11 42H7500011 R. rhabarbarum RR44 42H7500044 R. rhabarbarum
RPW12 42H7500012 R. palmatum × wittrockii RR47 42H7500047 R. rhabarbarum
T1-T6 Sampling terms 1 to 6

Statistical differences in the content of L-ascorbic acid in Rheum accessions (red values are significant at α level 0.05).

Accession {1} {2} {3} {4} {5} {6} {7} {8} {9} {10} {11} {12} {13} {14} {15} {16}
42H7500001 0.998556 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000129 0.000000 0.384580 0.000000 0.000000 0.000557 0.034173 0.000000 0.000000
42H7500003 0.998556 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.006179 0.000000 0.983678 0.000000 0.000000 0.00001 0.000861 0.000000 0.000000
42H7500004 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.999997 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.999775 0.000028
42H7500005 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
42H7500006 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.182537 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.004003 0.000052 0.000000 0.000001
42F7500008 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
42H7500011 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.182537 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
42H7500012 0.000129 0.006179 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.271620 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
42H7500014 0.000000 0.000000 0.999997 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.942159 0.000307
42H7500016 0.384580 0.983678 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.311562 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000006 0.000000 0.000000
42H7500020 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
42H7500023 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.271620 0.000000 0.000068 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
42H7500025 0.000557 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.004003 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.995451 0.000000 0.000000
42H7500030 0.034173 0.000861 0.000000 0.000000 0.000052 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000006 0.000000 0.000000 0.995451 0.000000 0.000000
42H7500044 0.000000 0.000000 0.999775 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.942159 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000001
42H7500047 0.000000 0.000000 0.000028 0.000000 0.000001 0.000000 0.011563 0.000000 0.000307 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000001

Description of Rheum accessions analysed in the study.

No. Plant ID1 Species Cultivar Propagation2 Origin
1 42H7500001 Rhabarbarum Jara V CZ
2 42H7500003 Rhabarbarum Victoria V GB
3 42H7500004 Rhabarbarum Dawes Chalenge V USA
4 42H7500005 Rhabarbarum The Sutton V GB
5 42H7500006 Rhabarbarum Holsteiner Blut V D
6 42H7500008 Rhabarbarum – G GB
7 42H7500011 Rhabarbarum – G GB
8 42H7500012 palmatum × wittrockii – G UA
9 42H7500014 rhaponticum – G BG
10 42H7500016 Rhabarbarum Timperley Early V GB
11 42H7500020 rhaponticum – G PL
12 42H7500023 Rhabarbarum – G GB
13 42H7500025 Rhabarbarum Glaskins Perpetual G GB
14 42H7500030 Rhabarbarum Krupnochereshkovyj V RUS
15 42H7500044 Rhabarbarum – V CZ
16 42H7500047 Rhabarbarum – V CZ

Average L-ascorbic acid content in Rheum species (mg · 100 g -1 FW) during the studied period.

Taxa 03/05/2022 17/05/2022 31/05/2022 14/06/2022 28/06/2022 12/07/2022
R. palmatum × wittrockii
42H7500012 8.76 ± 0.18 11.03 ± 0.08 10.11 ± 0.30 13.36 ± 0.12 6.74 ± 0.09 25.62 ± 0.37
R. rhabarbarum
42H7500001 15.08 ± 0.34 9.28 ± 0.21 10.63 ± 0.56 15.16 ± 0.24 9.59 ± 0.25 16.72 ± 0.75
42H7500003 12.37 ± 0.11 13.84 ± 0.10 7.69 ± 0.57 15.97 ± 0.32 8.31 ± 0.39 18.72 ± 0.48
42H7500004 15.15 ± 0.36 21.06 ± 0.28 18.88 ± 0.46 15.24 ± 0.49 14.65 ± 0.23 18.69 ± 0.20
42H7500005 16.07 ± 0.12 16.12 ± 0.55 16.44 ± 0.44 29.62 ± 0.38 28.08 ± 1.15 33.49 ± 0.64
42H7500006 7.07 ± 0.17 17.36 ± 0.36 8.75 ± 0.09 20.36 ± 0.35 13.21 ± 0.03 28.24 ± 0.50
42F7500008 20.98 ± 0.21 25.21 ± 0.30 27.02 ± 0.06 33.53 ± 1.03 21.42 ± 0.28 32.39 ± 0.22
42H7500011 12.27 ± 0.23 13.88 ± 0.03 13.14 ± 0.02 18.43 ± 0.21 13.15 ± 0.36 19.55 ± 0.34
42H7500016 9.52 ± 0.08 11.10 ± 0.26 8.90 ± 0.46 11.44 ± 0.21 11.50 ± 0.21 23.20 ± 0.29
42H75000201 9.50 ± 0.14 6.37 ± 0.27 15.38 ± 0.11 7.06 ± 0.17 9.88 ± 0.48 13.42 ± 0.09
42H7500023 6.77 ± 0.21 11.76 ± 0.32 13.07 ± 0.52 12.56 ± 0.16 9.05 ± 0.09 14.88 ± 0.11
42H7500025 12.80 ± 0.05 14.05 ± 0.32 10.16 ± 0.52 18.10 ± 0.32 11.39 ± 0.30 14.79 ± 0.12
42H7500030 13.48 ± 0.54 12.28 ± 0.03 6.66 ± 0.09 18.88 ± 0.13 10.16 ± 0.14 23.54 ± 0.31
42H7500044 13.39 ± 0.60 12.54 ± 0.19 15.26 ± 0.12 21.27 ± 0.13 20.27 ± 0.08 24.81 ± 0.65
42H7500047 14.67 ± 0.05 10.39 ± 0.14 18.59 ± 0.02 16.90 ± 0.17 18.69 ± 0.07 16.84 ± 0.11
R. rhaponticum
42H7500014 15.05 ± 0.24 16.96 ± 0.18 12.10 ± 0.06 18.04 ± 0.18 19.10 ± 0.08 22.19 ± 0.24

j.fhort-2023-0032.tab.012

Explanatory notes
42H7500001 R. rhabarbarum Jara RRhap 42H7500014 R. rhaponticum
42H7500003 R. rhabarbarum Victoria RR16 42H7500016 R. rhabarbarum Timperley Early
42H7500004 R. rhabarbarum Dawes Chalenge RR20 42H7500020 R. rhabarbarum
42H7500005 R. rhabarbarum The Sutton RR23 42H7500023 R. rhabarbarum
42H7500006 R. rhabarbarum Holsteiner Blut RR25 42H7500025 R. rhabarbarum Glaskins Perpetual
42F7500008 R. rhabarbarum RR30 42H7500030 R. rhabarbarum Krupnochereshkovyj
42H7500011 R. rhabarbarum RR44 42H7500044 R. rhabarbarum
42H7500012 R. palmatum × wittrockii RR47 42H7500047 R. rhabarbarum

Selected climate characteristics for Lednice location.

Period Average day temperature (°C) The sum of precipitation (mm) Sum of sunshine (hr)
May 2015–2021 15.1 56.3 208.0
June 2015–2021 20.5 46.8 269.9
July 2015–2021 21.6 64.8 260.9
May 2022 16.8 26.4 270.9
June 2022 21.1 76.9 296.4
July 2022 21.6 46.3 290.6

Characteristics of 15 ISSR primers used in the study.

Primer name Primer sequence (5′→3′) Ta1 No. of bands Product size range (bp)
UBC-807 AGA GAG AGA GAG AGA GT 52 16 250–1100
UBC-808 AGA GAG AGA GAG AGA GC 51 13 300–1300
UBC-809 AGA GAG AGA GAG AGA GG 51 13 180–1000
UBC-810 GAG AGA GAG AGA GAG AT 46 4 220–510
UBC-815 CTC TCT CTC TCT CTC TG 49 3 700–1400
UBC-817 CAC ACA CAC ACA CAC AA 51 10 650–1300
UBC-836 AGA GAG AGA GAG AGA GYA 51 4 200–430
UBC-840 GAG AGA GAG AGA GAG AYT 48 5 650–1300
UBC-842 GAG AGA GAG AGA GAG AYG 52.5 5 220–680
UBC-844 CTC TCT CTC TCT CTC TRC 51 4 580–850
UBC-845 CTC TCT CTC TCT CTC TRG 53 13 700–2100
UBC-848 CAC ACA CAC ACA CAC ARG 52 18 280–1200
UBC-849 GTG TGT GTG TGT GTG TYA 49 3 750–1300
UBC-850 GTG TGT GTG TGT GTG TYC 52.5 4 450–1400
UBC-884 HBH AGA GAG AGA GAG AG 45 3 490–1000
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