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Biomineralogical investigation of late-harvest grapes colonised by Botrytis cinerea Pers.

Marek Grabowski

Marek Grabowski

Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in KrakowKraków, Poland
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Grabowski, Marek
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Maciej Pawlikowski

Maciej Pawlikowski

Department of Mineralogy, Petrography and Geochemistry, Faculty of Geology, Geophysics and Environmental Protection, AGH University of Science and TechnologyKraków, Poland
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Pawlikowski, Maciej
  
17 oct 2020
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Categoría del artículo: Research Article
Publicado en línea: 17 oct 2020
Páginas: 171 - 178
Recibido: 10 mar 2020
Aceptado: 14 ago 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/fhort-2020-0016
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© 2020 Marek Grabowski et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Figure 1

‘Sibera’ variety. (A) Dried berry covered with a red growth. (B) Drying berry with sticky pink juice concentrated in morphological concavities. (C) Clusters of mycelial hyphae on the surface of the drying bunch at a skin rupture. (D) Abundant sporulation of B. cinerea on the surface a drying berry. Photomicrographs were taken with a binocular magnifier.
‘Sibera’ variety. (A) Dried berry covered with a red growth. (B) Drying berry with sticky pink juice concentrated in morphological concavities. (C) Clusters of mycelial hyphae on the surface of the drying bunch at a skin rupture. (D) Abundant sporulation of B. cinerea on the surface a drying berry. Photomicrographs were taken with a binocular magnifier.

Figure 2

(A) Cracks in the skin of a drying berry; +1, +2 – EDS analysis locations. (B) mycelial hyphae on the edge of a skin crack. (C) - A cluster of mycelial hyphae and a cross section of a single hypha. (D) Conidia of B. cinerea. Scanning microscope, scale magnification.
(A) Cracks in the skin of a drying berry; +1, +2 – EDS analysis locations. (B) mycelial hyphae on the edge of a skin crack. (C) - A cluster of mycelial hyphae and a cross section of a single hypha. (D) Conidia of B. cinerea. Scanning microscope, scale magnification.

Figure 3

EDS energy spectra of the skin surface of drying berries of the ‘Sibera’ variety at spots +1 (A) and +2 (B) shown in Figures 2A and 3C. EDS energy spectra obtained from the surface of the ‘Sibera’ variety grapes. Dried and cracked berries – red spectrum. Undamaged berries, less dry – blue spectrum.
EDS energy spectra of the skin surface of drying berries of the ‘Sibera’ variety at spots +1 (A) and +2 (B) shown in Figures 2A and 3C. EDS energy spectra obtained from the surface of the ‘Sibera’ variety grapes. Dried and cracked berries – red spectrum. Undamaged berries, less dry – blue spectrum.

Figure 4

‘Regent’ variety. (A) The surface of a drying berry covered with bright crystals of a potassium compound. (B) Abundant growth of B. cinerea air mycelium at a rupture of the peel of a ‘Regent’ berry. (C) Stalk with advancing mineralisation by red organic iron compounds. (D) Mineralisation by sugars at the location of a detached peduncle; visible glossy sugar microcrystals. Photomicrographs taken with a binocular magnifier.
‘Regent’ variety. (A) The surface of a drying berry covered with bright crystals of a potassium compound. (B) Abundant growth of B. cinerea air mycelium at a rupture of the peel of a ‘Regent’ berry. (C) Stalk with advancing mineralisation by red organic iron compounds. (D) Mineralisation by sugars at the location of a detached peduncle; visible glossy sugar microcrystals. Photomicrographs taken with a binocular magnifier.

Figure 5

Surface of ripe ‘Regent’ berries. (A) B. cinerea mycelium at the location of sugar microcrystals and potassium compounds. +1, +2 – EDS analysis locations. (B) Mycelial hyphae located within skin cracks. (C) A crystal of an organic compound containing potassium, located in the wound cavity caused by berry skin cracking.
Surface of ripe ‘Regent’ berries. (A) B. cinerea mycelium at the location of sugar microcrystals and potassium compounds. +1, +2 – EDS analysis locations. (B) Mycelial hyphae located within skin cracks. (C) A crystal of an organic compound containing potassium, located in the wound cavity caused by berry skin cracking.

Figure 6

EDS energy spectra obtained from the surface of the ‘Regent’ variety grapes. at points +1 (A), +2 (B) shown in Figure 5A and the crystal (C) shown in Figure 5C.
EDS energy spectra obtained from the surface of the ‘Regent’ variety grapes. at points +1 (A), +2 (B) shown in Figure 5A and the crystal (C) shown in Figure 5C.

Basic aggregate parameters and contents of selected macronutrients in ‘Sibera’ and ‘Regent’ grape varieties

Stage of fruit maturationSoluble solids content (°Brix)Titratable acidity (g · 100 mL−1)pHK (mg · L−1)P (mg · L−1)Ca (mg · L−1)Mg (mg · L−1)
‘Sibera’
Physiological ripeness**18.1 a*1.02 b3.0 a865 a215 a91 a85 b
Late harvest21.4 b0.85 a3.4 b938 b237 b88 a72 a
‘Regent’
Physiological ripeness20.4 a0.87 b3.5 a1512 a191 a121 a93 a
Late harvest24.3 b0.75 a3.7 b1610 b223 b119 a89 a
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Ciencias de la vida, Botánica, Zoología, Ecología, Ciencias de la vida, otros
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