Demand for Additional Foreign Language Activities in Poland

Asadullah, M. N., & Xiao, S. (2019). Labor Market Returns to Education and English Language Skills in the People's Republic of China: An Update. Asian Development Review, 36(1), 80–111. https://doi.org/10.1162/adev_a_00124 AsadullahM. N. XiaoS. 2019 Labor Market Returns to Education and English Language Skills in the People's Republic of China: An Update Asian Development Review 36 1 80 111 https://doi.org/10.1162/adev_a_00124 10.1162/adev_a_00124 Search in Google Scholar

Badora, B. (2021). Wydatki rodziców na edukację dzieci w roku szkolnym 2021/2022. Komunikat z badań 136/2021. Warsaw: Fundacja CBOS. https://www.cbos.pl/SPISKOM.POL/2021/K_136_21.PDF BadoraB. 2021 Wydatki rodziców na edukację dzieci w roku szkolnym 2021/2022. Komunikat z badań 136/2021 Warsaw Fundacja CBOS https://www.cbos.pl/SPISKOM.POL/2021/K_136_21.PDF Search in Google Scholar

Becker, G. S., & Tomes, N. (1979). An Equilibrium Theory of the Distribution of Income and Intergenerational Mobility. Journal of Political Economy, 87(6), 1153–1189. BeckerG. S. TomesN. 1979 An Equilibrium Theory of the Distribution of Income and Intergenerational Mobility Journal of Political Economy 87 6 1153 1189 10.1086/260831 Search in Google Scholar

Bray, M. (2021). Shadow Education in Europe: Growing Prevalence, Underlying Forces, and Policy Implications. ECNU Review of Education, 4(3), 442–475. https://doi.org/10.1177/2096531119890142 BrayM. 2021 Shadow Education in Europe: Growing Prevalence, Underlying Forces, and Policy Implications ECNU Review of Education 4 3 442 475 https://doi.org/10.1177/2096531119890142 10.1177/2096531119890142 Search in Google Scholar

Bray, M., & Kwok, P. (2003). Demand for Private Supplementary Tutoring: Conceptual Considerations, and Socio-economic Patterns in Hong Kong. Economics of Education Review, 22(6), 611–620. BrayM. KwokP. 2003 Demand for Private Supplementary Tutoring: Conceptual Considerations, and Socio-economic Patterns in Hong Kong Economics of Education Review 22 6 611 620 10.1016/S0272-7757(03)00032-3 Search in Google Scholar

Buchmann, C., DiPrete, T. A., & McDaniel, A. (2008). Gender Inequalities in Education. Annual Review of Sociology, 34(1), 319–337. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.soc.34.040507.134719 BuchmannC. DiPreteT. A. McDanielA. 2008 Gender Inequalities in Education Annual Review of Sociology 34 1 319 337 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.soc.34.040507.134719 10.1146/annurev.soc.34.040507.134719 Search in Google Scholar

Covay, E., & Carbonaro, W. (2010). After the Bell: Participation in Extracurricular Activities, Classroom Behavior, and Academic Achievement. Sociology of Education, 83(1), 20–45. https://doi.org/10.1177/0038040709356565 CovayE. CarbonaroW. 2010 After the Bell: Participation in Extracurricular Activities, Classroom Behavior, and Academic Achievement Sociology of Education 83 1 20 45 https://doi.org/10.1177/0038040709356565 10.1177/0038040709356565 Search in Google Scholar

Dang, H. A., & Rogers, F. H. (2016). The Decision to Invest in Child Quality Over Quantity: Household Size and Household Investment in Education in Vietnam. The World Bank Economic Review, 30(1), 104–142. DangH. A. RogersF. H. 2016 The Decision to Invest in Child Quality Over Quantity: Household Size and Household Investment in Education in Vietnam The World Bank Economic Review 30 1 104 142 10.5040/9781350995109 Search in Google Scholar

Di Paolo, A., & Tansel, A. (2015). Returns to Foreign Language Skills in a Developing Country: The Case of Turkey. The Journal of Development Studies, 51(4), 407–421. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2015.1019482 Di PaoloA. TanselA. 2015 Returns to Foreign Language Skills in a Developing Country: The Case of Turkey The Journal of Development Studies 51 4 407 421 https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2015.1019482 10.1080/00220388.2015.1019482 Search in Google Scholar

Długosz, P. (2016). Private Lessons as an Instrument for Middle Class Status Struggle in Post-Socialist Societies: Poland and Ukraine Case Studies. Economics & Sociology, 9(1), 173–191. https://doi.org/10.14254/2071-789X.2016/9-1/12 DługoszP. 2016 Private Lessons as an Instrument for Middle Class Status Struggle in Post-Socialist Societies: Poland and Ukraine Case Studies Economics & Sociology 9 1 173 191 https://doi.org/10.14254/2071-789X.2016/9-1/12 10.14254/2071-789X.2016/9-1/12 Search in Google Scholar

Dolata, R. (2011). Analiza różnicowania się systemu oświaty w Polsce na poziomie szkół podstawowych i gimnazjów, edycja 2011. Warsaw: Centralna Komisja Egzaminacyjna, Warszawa. DolataR. 2011 Analiza różnicowania się systemu oświaty w Polsce na poziomie szkół podstawowych i gimnazjów, edycja 2011 Warsaw Centralna Komisja Egzaminacyjna, Warszawa Search in Google Scholar

Domański, H. (2007). Struktura Społeczna. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Scholar. DomańskiH. 2007 Struktura Społeczna Wydawnictwo Naukowe Scholar Search in Google Scholar

Exley, S. (2020). Selective Schooling and Its Relationship to Private Tutoring: The Case of South Korea. Comparative Education, 56(2), 218–235. https://doi.org/10.1080/03050068.2019.1687230 ExleyS. 2020 Selective Schooling and Its Relationship to Private Tutoring: The Case of South Korea Comparative Education 56 2 218 235 https://doi.org/10.1080/03050068.2019.1687230 10.1080/03050068.2019.1687230 Search in Google Scholar

Fletcher, A. C., Nickerson, P., & Wright, K. L. (2003). Structured Leisure Activities in Middle Childhood: Links to Well-Being. Journal of Community Psychology, 31(6), 641–659. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.10075 FletcherA. C. NickersonP. WrightK. L. 2003 Structured Leisure Activities in Middle Childhood: Links to Well-Being Journal of Community Psychology 31 6 641 659 https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.10075 10.1002/jcop.10075 Search in Google Scholar

Gajewska-Dyszkiewicz, A., Kutyłowska, K., Kulon, F., Paczuska, K., Rycielska, L., & Szpotowicz, M. (2014). Lessons of English in Polish Schools: A Third-Grade Lower Secondary School Perspective. EDUKACJA, 6(131), 81–96. Gajewska-DyszkiewiczA. KutyłowskaK. KulonF. PaczuskaK. RycielskaL. SzpotowiczM. 2014 Lessons of English in Polish Schools: A Third-Grade Lower Secondary School Perspective EDUKACJA 6 131 81 96 Search in Google Scholar

Gromkowska-Melosik, A. (2011). Edukacja i (nie) równość społeczna kobiet. Studium dynamiki dostępu. Kraków: Oficyna Wydawnicza „Impuls”. Gromkowska-MelosikA. 2011 Edukacja i (nie) równość społeczna kobiet. Studium dynamiki dostępu Kraków Oficyna Wydawnicza „Impuls” Search in Google Scholar

Guill, K., Lüdtke, O., & Schwanenberg, J. (2020). A Two-Level Study of Predictors of Private Tutoring Attendance at the Beginning of Secondary Schooling in Germany: The Role of Individual Learning Support in the Classroom. British Educational Research Journal, 46(2), 437–457. https://doi.org/10.1002/berj.3586 GuillK. LüdtkeO. SchwanenbergJ. 2020 A Two-Level Study of Predictors of Private Tutoring Attendance at the Beginning of Secondary Schooling in Germany: The Role of Individual Learning Support in the Classroom British Educational Research Journal 46 2 437 457 https://doi.org/10.1002/berj.3586 10.1002/berj.3586 Search in Google Scholar

Hawrot, A. (2018). Out-of-School Learning Assistance in Adolescence. Educational Psychology, 38(4), 513–534. https://doi.org/10.1080/01443410.2017.1392006 HawrotA. 2018 Out-of-School Learning Assistance in Adolescence Educational Psychology 38 4 513 534 https://doi.org/10.1080/01443410.2017.1392006 10.1080/01443410.2017.1392006 Search in Google Scholar

Hawrot, A. (2022). Do School-Related Factors Affect Private Tutoring Attendance? Predictors of Private Tutoring in Maths and German among German Tenth-Graders. Research Papers in Education. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1080/02671522.2022.2089209 HawrotA. 2022 Do School-Related Factors Affect Private Tutoring Attendance? Predictors of Private Tutoring in Maths and German among German Tenth-Graders Research Papers in Education Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1080/02671522.2022.2089209 10.1080/02671522.2022.2089209 Search in Google Scholar

Heath, R. D., Anderson, C., Turner, A. C., & Payne, C. M. (2022). Extracurricular Activities and Disadvantaged Youth: A Complicated—But Promising—Story. Urban Education, 57(8), 1415–1449. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042085918805797 HeathR. D. AndersonC. TurnerA. C. PayneC. M. 2022 Extracurricular Activities and Disadvantaged Youth: A Complicated—But Promising—Story Urban Education 57 8 1415 1449 https://doi.org/10.1177/0042085918805797 10.1177/0042085918805797 Search in Google Scholar

Holm, A., & Jæger, M. M. (2008). Does Relative Risk Aversion Explain Educational Inequality? A Dynamic Choice Approach. Research in Social Stratification and Mobility, 26(3), 199–219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rssm.2008.05.004 HolmA. JægerM. M. 2008 Does Relative Risk Aversion Explain Educational Inequality? A Dynamic Choice Approach Research in Social Stratification and Mobility 26 3 199 219 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rssm.2008.05.004 10.1016/j.rssm.2008.05.004 Search in Google Scholar

Kim, S., & Lee, J. (2010). Private Tutoring and Demand for Education in South Korea. Economic Development and Cultural Change, 58(2), 259–296. https://doi.org/10.1086/648186 KimS. LeeJ. 2010 Private Tutoring and Demand for Education in South Korea Economic Development and Cultural Change 58 2 259 296 https://doi.org/10.1086/648186 10.1086/648186 Search in Google Scholar

Kłobuszewska, M. (2019). Wydatki rodziców na edukację dzieci a publiczny system oświaty [Doctoral dissertation, Warsaw University]. Repozytorium UW, https://depotuw.ceon.pl/handle/item/3496 KłobuszewskaM. 2019 Wydatki rodziców na edukację dzieci a publiczny system oświaty [Doctoral dissertation, Warsaw University]. Repozytorium UW https://depotuw.ceon.pl/handle/item/3496 Search in Google Scholar

Kopańska, A., & Sztanderska, U. (2015). Prywatne i publiczne wydatki na oświatę: Raport jubileuszowy. Warszawa: Instytut Badań Edukacyjnych. KopańskaA. SztanderskaU. 2015 Prywatne i publiczne wydatki na oświatę: Raport jubileuszowy Warszawa Instytut Badań Edukacyjnych Search in Google Scholar

Kotarski, H. (2020). Cultural and Social Factors Determining the Use of Private Tutoring Services in Poland. New Trends and Issues Proceedings on Humanities and Social Sciences, 7(2), 01–09. https://doi.org/10.18844/prosoc.v7i2.5012 KotarskiH. 2020 Cultural and Social Factors Determining the Use of Private Tutoring Services in Poland New Trends and Issues Proceedings on Humanities and Social Sciences 7 2 01 09 https://doi.org/10.18844/prosoc.v7i2.5012 10.18844/prosoc.v7i2.5012 Search in Google Scholar

Lareau, A. (2003). Unequal Childhoods: Class, Race, and Family Life. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. LareauA. 2003 Unequal Childhoods: Class, Race, and Family Life Berkeley, CA University of California Press Search in Google Scholar

Liwiński, J. (2019). The Wage Premium from Foreign Language Skills. Empirica, 46(4), 691–711. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10663-019-09459-0 LiwińskiJ. 2019 The Wage Premium from Foreign Language Skills Empirica 46 4 691 711 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10663-019-09459-0 10.1007/s10663-019-09459-0 Search in Google Scholar

Liwiński, J., & Bendyk, E. (2016). Does It Pay to Invest in the Education of Children? Ekonomia Journal, 47. https://doi.org/10.17451/eko/47/2016/213 LiwińskiJ. BendykE. 2016 Does It Pay to Invest in the Education of Children? Ekonomia Journal 47 https://doi.org/10.17451/eko/47/2016/213 Search in Google Scholar

Lleras, C. (2008). Do Skills and Behaviors in High School Matter? The Contribution of Noncognitive Factors in Explaining Differences in Educational Attainment and Earnings. Social Science Research, 37(3), 888–902. LlerasC. 2008 Do Skills and Behaviors in High School Matter? The Contribution of Noncognitive Factors in Explaining Differences in Educational Attainment and Earnings Social Science Research 37 3 888 902 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2008.03.004 Search in Google Scholar

Lucas, S. (2001). Effectively Maintained Inequality: Education Transitions, Track Mobility, and Social Background Effects. American Journal of Sociology, 106(6), 1642–1690. https://doi.org/10.1086/321300 LucasS. 2001 Effectively Maintained Inequality: Education Transitions, Track Mobility, and Social Background Effects American Journal of Sociology 106 6 1642 1690 https://doi.org/10.1086/321300 10.1086/321300 Search in Google Scholar

Matsuoka, R. (2018). Inequality in Shadow Education Participation in an Egalitarian Compulsory Education System. Comparative Education Review, 62(4), 565–586. https://doi.org/10.1086/699831 MatsuokaR. 2018 Inequality in Shadow Education Participation in an Egalitarian Compulsory Education System Comparative Education Review 62 4 565 586 https://doi.org/10.1086/699831 10.1086/699831 Search in Google Scholar

Meier, A., Hartmann, B. S., & Larson, R. (2018). A Quarter Century of Participation in School-Based Extracurricular Activities: Inequalities by Race, Class, Gender and Age? Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 47(6), 1299–1316. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-018-0838-1 MeierA. HartmannB. S. LarsonR. 2018 A Quarter Century of Participation in School-Based Extracurricular Activities: Inequalities by Race, Class, Gender and Age? Journal of Youth and Adolescence 47 6 1299 1316 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-018-0838-1 10.1007/s10964-018-0838-1 Search in Google Scholar

Molinuevo, B., Bonillo, A., Pardo, Y., Doval, E., & Torrubia, R. (2010). Participation in Extracurricular Activities and Emotional and Behavioral Adjustment in Middle Childhood in Spanish Boys and Girls. Journal of Community Psychology, 38(7), 842–857. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.20399 MolinuevoB. BonilloA. PardoY. DovalE. TorrubiaR. 2010 Participation in Extracurricular Activities and Emotional and Behavioral Adjustment in Middle Childhood in Spanish Boys and Girls Journal of Community Psychology 38 7 842 857 https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.20399 10.1002/jcop.20399 Search in Google Scholar

OECD. (2011). Quality Time for Students: Learning In and Out of School. Paris: OECD. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264087057-en OECD 2011 Quality Time for Students: Learning In and Out of School Paris OECD http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264087057-en 10.1787/9789264087057-en Search in Google Scholar

Park, H., Buchmann, C., Choi, J., & Merry, J. J. (2016). Learning Beyond the School Walls: Trends and Implications. Annual Review of Sociology, 42(1), 231–252. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-soc-081715-074341 ParkH. BuchmannC. ChoiJ. MerryJ. J. 2016 Learning Beyond the School Walls: Trends and Implications Annual Review of Sociology 42 1 231 252 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-soc-081715-074341 10.1146/annurev-soc-081715-074341 Search in Google Scholar

Rokicka, M., & Sztanderska, U. (2013). Cechy społeczno-ekonomiczne rodziny a ponoszenie wydatków na prywatne dobra i usługi edukacyjne. Edukacja, 1(121), 7–23. RokickaM. SztanderskaU. 2013 Cechy społeczno-ekonomiczne rodziny a ponoszenie wydatków na prywatne dobra i usługi edukacyjne Edukacja 1 121 7 23 Search in Google Scholar

Sadura, P. (2017). Państwo, szkoła, klasy. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Krytyki Politycznej. SaduraP. 2017 Państwo, szkoła, klasy Warszawa Wydawnictwo Krytyki Politycznej Search in Google Scholar

Safarzyńska, K. (2013). Socio-Economic Determinants of Demand for Private Tutoring. European Sociological Review, 29(2), 139–154. https://doi.org/10.1093/esr/jcr045 SafarzyńskaK. 2013 Socio-Economic Determinants of Demand for Private Tutoring European Sociological Review 29 2 139 154 https://doi.org/10.1093/esr/jcr045 10.1093/esr/jcr045 Search in Google Scholar

Silova, I. (2010). Private Tutoring in Eastern Europe and Central Asia: Policy Choices and Implications. Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education, 40(3), 327–344. https://doi.org/10.1080/03057920903361926 SilovaI. 2010 Private Tutoring in Eastern Europe and Central Asia: Policy Choices and Implications Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education 40 3 327 344 https://doi.org/10.1080/03057920903361926 10.1080/03057920903361926 Search in Google Scholar

Smyth, E. (2009). Buying Your Way Into College? Private Tuition and the Transition to Higher Education in Ireland. Oxford Review of Education, 35(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/03054980801981426 SmythE. 2009 Buying Your Way Into College? Private Tuition and the Transition to Higher Education in Ireland Oxford Review of Education 35 1 https://doi.org/10.1080/03054980801981426 10.1080/03054980801981426 Search in Google Scholar

Šťastný, V. (2016). Private Supplementary Tutoring in the Czech Republic. European Education, 48(1), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1080/10564934.2016.1147006 ŠťastnýV. 2016 Private Supplementary Tutoring in the Czech Republic European Education 48 1 1 22 https://doi.org/10.1080/10564934.2016.1147006 10.1080/10564934.2016.1147006 Search in Google Scholar

Šťastný, V., Greger, D., & Soukup, P. (2021). Does the Quality of School Instruction Relate to the Use of Additional Tutoring in Science? Comparative Analysis of Five Post-Socialist Countries. School Effectiveness and School Improvement, 32(1), 24–46. https://doi.org/10.1080/09243453.2020.1770809 ŠťastnýV. GregerD. SoukupP. 2021 Does the Quality of School Instruction Relate to the Use of Additional Tutoring in Science? Comparative Analysis of Five Post-Socialist Countries School Effectiveness and School Improvement 32 1 24 46 https://doi.org/10.1080/09243453.2020.1770809 10.1080/09243453.2020.1770809 Search in Google Scholar

Tansel, A., & Bircan, F. (2006). Demand for Education in Turkey: A Tobit Analysis of Private Tutoring Expenditures. Economics of Education Review, 25(3), 303–313. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econedurev.2005.02.003 TanselA. BircanF. 2006 Demand for Education in Turkey: A Tobit Analysis of Private Tutoring Expenditures Economics of Education Review 25 3 303 313 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econedurev.2005.02.003 10.1016/j.econedurev.2005.02.003 Search in Google Scholar

Tsiplakides, I. (2018). Shadow Education and Social Class Inequalities in Secondary Education in Greece: The Case of Teaching English as a Foreign Language. International Journal of Sociology of Education, 7(1), 71–93. https://doi.org/doi:10.17583/rise.2018.2987 TsiplakidesI. 2018 Shadow Education and Social Class Inequalities in Secondary Education in Greece: The Case of Teaching English as a Foreign Language International Journal of Sociology of Education 7 1 71 93 https://doi.org/doi:10.17583/rise.2018.2987 10.17583/rise.2018.2987 Search in Google Scholar

Zwier, D., Geven, S., & van de Werfhorst, H. G. (2020). Social Inequality in Shadow Education: The Role of High-Stakes Testing. International Journal of Comparative Sociology, 61(6), 412–440. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020715220984500 ZwierD. GevenS. van de WerfhorstH. G. 2020 Social Inequality in Shadow Education: The Role of High-Stakes Testing International Journal of Comparative Sociology 61 6 412 440 https://doi.org/10.1177/0020715220984500 10.1177/0020715220984500 Search in Google Scholar