- Detalles de la revista
- Formato
- Revista
- eISSN
- 2444-8656
- Primera edición
- 01 Jan 2016
- Calendario de la edición
- 2 veces al año
- Idiomas
- Inglés
‘Opinions of the State Council on Improving the Collective Forest Right System’ (GBF [2016] No. 83), ‘Opinions of the General Office of the People’s Government of Beijing city on the Implementation of Improving the Collective-owned Forest Right System and Promoting the Development of Beijing’s Forestry’ (JZBF [2018] No. 17) and other documents all put forward steps for improvement of the collective forest land circulation system [1]. The forest land management rights transfer can accelerate the development of moderate scale management in various forms, and optimise the allocation of forest land resources and scale effect, which is of great significance [2].
The forest land’s management rights transfer is an important part of the forest right transfer and land (the forest rights transfer refers to the transfer of forest, wood and forest land, including management rights transfer of forest land, the wood ownership transfer under the contracted system or collective economic organisations). It is different from the forest ownership transfer belonging to the same forest right circulation. At the same time, it is also different from the general land management rights transfer due to the distinct use and function of forest land [3]. Farmers’ production and operating activities are related to the local conditions in rural regions and the problems encountered in forestry management activities vary among regions [4]. In addition, for a region, the forest land’s management rights transfer is periodical to some degree, and it is of unique characteristics in different periods [5]. Therefore, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to study the forest land’s management rights transfer and identify the key factors that affect the willingness of the forest land’s management rights transfer based on the latest research data, combining the relevant researches of forest rights transfer with those of land circulation.
China’s forest tenure system took shape in the household contract responsibility system, which started in the early 1880s, greatly mobilising the enthusiasm of farmers and laid a foundation for economic growth in the rural areas. However, it led to the decentralised management of agricultural land. As early as the 20th century, scholars in China studied the forest rights. Since a new round of collective-owned forest rights system reform in China, agricultural modernisation has continued to develop, the process of rural land transfer has accelerated, and the development of appropriate economies of scale in forest land has also become an inexorable trend. A large number of scholars have taken up the study of willingness of forest rights transfer and their influencing factors [6]. William and Gregory studied the benefits and costs of operating forestland, believing that the comparative relationship between the benefits and input costs of forestland was the key factor affecting the transformation of forestland [7]. Darla and Abigail analysed the reasons why rural land in the south of Indiana was converted to private forest land in the process of urbanisation [8]. Gerald C. Nelson believed that the stability of property rights could promote the sustainable development of forestry and help improve the utilisation efficiency of forest land [9]. Most scholars studied the willingness of forest land transfer and its influencing factors, and adopted the logistic model in econometrics. For example, the logistic model was used to analyse the influence of the different farmers’ resource endowments on their forest land circulation behaviours [10], and the influencing factors and levels that affected farmers’ willingness to transfer forest land after the collective forest right reform had also been analysed [11]. Heckman’s two-stage model was also used to study the impact of human capital on the inflow behaviour and inflow scale of farmers’ forest land [12]. Game theory is also an analysis tool that is often used to study land circulation. It could conduct game analysis on the decision-making of different types of farmers on forest land circulation [13].
Scholars have studied the influencing factors of forest land circulation willingness from different perspectives, including the influence of farmers’ decision-making behaviour [14], policy information cognition [15], household income level [16], family labour force investment [17], farmers’ career differentiation and income differentiation [18] and individual endowment and cognition [19] on forest land circulation of farmers. John selected two villages in India to conduct field investigations, studied the factors affecting the farmland transfer behaviour of farmers, and finally classified the factors affecting farmland transfer into three categories: farming choices, agricultural loans and land investment [20]. It can be concluded that the factors that affect farmers’ willingness and behaviour of forest land transfer can be roughly divided into farmers’ individual characteristics, family economic characteristics, forest land natural conditions, forestry management status, forest rights and logging system arrangements, circulation market conditions and forest land transfer policies.
Existing research results provide important references for further reform of the collective forest rights system and continuous improvement of the forest land circulation system. However, few studies were carried out on Beijing’s forestry development, and there is a lack of research on the influencing factors from the psychological cognitive level of the subject behaviour. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct research on Beijing’s forest tenure system; especially, Beijing emphasises the construction of ecological civilisation and ecological environment for the lives of urban and rural people in its development plan. Against this background, this paper studied the forest land’s management rights transfer in Beijing based on the theory of planned behaviour (TPB), which is an important theoretical support to study the decision-making of forest land’s management rights transfer. The common models based on the theory are mainly logistic regression model and structural equation modelling (SEM). Logistic regression model is widely used for the identification of objective factors affecting the transfer willingness, especially when the data volume is small; the latter is often used to study the behaviour decision of farmers [22], which is more suitable for the identification of subjective factors affecting the transfer willingness of forest land’s management rights. This paper built both logistic regression model and SEM for comparative analysis.
TPB is an important theory widely used in management, psychology and sociology to explain the influence mechanism of psychological cognition on behavioural intention and decision-making.
According to the theory, the willingness of the subject’s behaviour is key to the decision-making. Whether the residents are willing to participate in the forest land’s management rights transfer is essentially a production decision-making factor of the individual. The traditional theory holds that the goal of individual production decision is simply to pursue profit maximisation, while modern research holds that the individual goal of production decision-making may be diversified. Therefore, individual economic rationality cannot be simply determined only through cost–benefit analysis; other aspects such as identification of others, risk aversion and personal capital should also be taken into consideration.
The TPB provides only a classical research framework for explaining the general decision-making process of individuals and studying the relationship between the influencing factors of behaviour intention and willingness. According to it, an individual’s behavioural intention is mainly determined by three factors: individual’s behavioural attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioural control. The more positive the attitude is the greater the support of important external factors, while the stronger ability of the individual’s perceived behavioural control is the greater the behavioural intention is, and vice versa. According to this point of view, in the behaviour decision-making of forest land’s management rights transfer, different farmers’ psychological cognition differences on forest land’s management rights transfer lead to behaviour intention differences. Especially, the former is the source of the latter.
Therefore, the willingness of farmers on the management rights transfer of forest land is the driving force to promote the transaction of the management rights transfer of forest land, which depends on the behavioural attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioural control of farmers on the forest land management rights transfer. These three aspects are explained in the TPB: (1) behavioural attitude is an individual’s cognition and evaluation on the implementation of the decision-making, which is determined by the belief in the behaviour result and the importance of the result; (2) the external ‘subjective norm’, the code of conduct existing in people’s mind, is the social pressure that individuals feel when they don’t know whether or not to carry out this act. It reflects the influence of important people and systems on individual decision-making and (3) perceived behavioural control refers to the individual’s consideration of the factors that promote or hinder the decision-making, which is the degree of difficulty that the individual perceives when performing certain behaviour. The TPB is used in various fields of behavioural intention with its strong ability to predict behaviour.
On the basis of the TPB and existing research, seven variables are defined as the factors influencing the transfer willingness of forest land’s management rights in Beijing, including behavioural attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioural control, gender, age, family population and average annual household income. Binary logistic model and SEM are used for data analysis. The model is as follows:
In quantitative research, SEM aims to solve practical problems through certain statistical analysis technology dealing with the theoretical model of complex phenomena and to evaluate the theoretical model according to the consistency between the theoretical model and the actual data. It is divided into the measurement and structural models. The measurement model is used to analyse the relationship between the observation index and latent variable, while the structural model deals with the relationship among different latent variables. For the studied problems, the phenomena that could not be measured directly are recorded as latent variable or hidden variable, while the variables that can be measured directly are manifest variable or explicit variable. The measurement model, also known as the confirmatory factor analysis model, mainly represents the relationship between the manifest variable and latent variable.
The measurement model is generally composed of two equations, which respectively shows the relationship between potential endogenous variable
The structural equation model, also known as the causality model among latent variables, mainly demonstrates the relationship among latent variables. It defines the causality between the exogenous potential variables and the endogenous potential variables in the studied system. The model form is as follows:
In this study, 409 valid questionnaires from all districts in Beijing were collected. Based on the questionnaires, binary logistic regression analysis and SEM analysis were carried out.
In order to improve regression analysis, seven independent variables are assigned with the willingness of transfer as the dependent variable, as shown in Table 1.
Variable assignment
| x1 | Behavioural attitude | 1–5 | Individual cognition and evaluation of decision execution |
| x2 | Subjective norm | 1–5 | Social pressure on individual when it comes to perform this behaviour |
| x3 | Perceived behavioural control | 1–5 | The difficulty the individual perceives when taking an action |
| x4 | Gender | 1–2 | Male = 1, female = 2 |
| x5 | Age | 1–6 | Under 30 years old = 1; 30–40 years old = 2; 40–50 years old = 3; 50–60 years old = 4; 60–70 years old = 5; over 70 years old = 6 |
| x6 | Family population | 1–7 | 1 person = 1; 2 persons = 2; 3 persons = 3; 4 persons = 4; 5 persons = 5; 6 persons = 6; 6 persons or more = 7 |
| x7 | Average annual household income | 1–4 | <20,000 yuan = 1; 20,001–30,000 yuan = 2; 30,001–50,000 yuan = 3; 50,000 yuan above = 4 |
In this section, SPSS19.0 was used for data calculating and processing, and logistic model regression test was carried out. The test results are shown in Table 2.
Regression test of logistics model
| Observed | Predicted | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Transaction intention | Percentage correction | |||
| 1.00 | 2.00 | |||
| Transaction intension | 1.00 | 353 | 4 | 98.9 |
| 2.00 | 52 | 0 | .0 | |
| Total percentage | 86.3 | |||
Table 2 shows that based on the established model, the prediction accuracy of the data is 86.3%, which is far greater than the recommended value of 60%, indicating that the model has a high fitting degree and accuracy. The multicollinearity test was carried out for the multivariables in Table 1, and the results are shown in Table 3.
Analysis of variance inflation factor
| Behavioural attitude | 0.371 | 2.693 |
| Subjective norm | 0.363 | 2.758 |
| Perceived behavioural control | 0.373 | 2.678 |
| Gender | 0.860 | 1.163 |
| Age | 0.986 | 1.014 |
| Family population | 0.990 | 1.010 |
| Average annual household income | 0.984 | 1.016 |
| Mean value | 1.762 | |
From Table 3, it can be seen that the mean value of the variance inflation factor (VIF) is 1.762, and that no independent variable VIF value is >10, so there is no big multicollinearity problem among the above model variables.
Finally, according to the variable setting in Table 1, the binary logistic regression analysis of the dependent variable, the willingness of the farmers’ forest land management rights transfer, is carried out and the regression results are shown in Table 4.
Regression results of logistics model of circulating will of forest land’s management right
| Behavioural attitude | −0.723** | 0.245 | 8.711 | 0.003 | 0.485 |
| Subjective norm | −0.477** | 0.236 | 4.069 | 0.044 | 0.621 |
| Perceived behavioural control | 0.017 | 0.253 | 0.004 | 0.947 | 1.017 |
| Gender | −0.283 | 0.346 | 0.672 | 0.412 | 0.753 |
| Age | 0.131 | 0.193 | 0.463 | 0.496 | 1.140 |
| Family population | 0.044 | 0.145 | 0.091 | 0.763 | 1.045 |
| Average annual household income | −0.019 | 0.131 | 0.021 | 0.885 | 0.981 |
| Constant term | −2.508*** | 0.759 | 10.916 | 0.001 | 0.081 |
<10% significance level
<5% significance level
<1% significance level
It can be seen from Table 4 that the
The coefficient of behavioural attitude x1 is −0.723, and the wals value is 8.711, which shows that the variables are statistically significant at the level of 5%. When the rating of farmers’ behavioural attitude increases by 5%, the possibility of farmers increasing their willingness of the forest land management rights transfer is reduced by 0.723%. The estimated coefficient of subjective
The estimated value of perceived behavioural control
After the non-significant factors are eliminated, the final regression results of the model are as shown in Table 5.
Regression results of logistics model of forest land’s management rights circulating will
| Behavioural attitude | −0.701 | 0.229 | 9.367 | 0.002 | 0.496 |
| Subjective norm | −0.499 | 0.218 | 5.223 | 0.022 | 0.607 |
| Constant term | −2.312 | 0.203 | 129.397 | 0.000 | 0.099 |
The regression coefficients of behavioural attitude and subjective norm are −0.701 and −0.499. The two variables have a negative significant impact on the willingness of forest land management rights transfer. The transfer of forest land management rights includes the inflow and outflow of forest land. In order to facilitate the willingness of farmers’ forest land management rights transfer in Beijing, we need to reduce their behavioural attitude scores, that is, reduce farmers’ expectations in the results of the transfer and their estimation of the importance of the results. We also need to reduce their subjective norm scores, that is, reduce the social pressure of farmers on whether to implement the transfer of forest land management rights.
AMOS22.0 and SPSS19.0 were applied for data calculation and processing. The constructed SEM is shown in Figure 1, including four potential variables: behavioural attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioural control and willingness of transfer, which correspond to multiple observation variables, respectively. The questionnaire of this study was designed based on this model.
Fig. 1
SEM model. SEM, structural equation modelling
The descriptive statistics of potential variables of SEM are shown in Table 6.
Descriptive statistics of measured variables
| Willingness of forest land management rights transfer | Intention of forest land management rights transfer | 1 | 5 | 2.74 | 0.816 | 0.665 | 0.221 | 2.558 |
| Willingness to transfer forest rights | 1 | 3 | 1.47 | 0.741 | 0.549 | 1.197 | ||
| Mode of willingness | 1 | 7 | 2.6 | 1.717 | 2.947 | 1.225 | ||
| Difficulty degree of forest land management rights transfer | 1 | 6 | 3.42 | 1.109 | 1.229 | 0.506 | ||
| Behavioural attitude | A better understanding of the transfer of forest land management rights | 1 | 5 | 2.9 | 1.008 | −0.172 | −0.527 | 3.387 |
| Thinking of the transfer of forest land management rights can bring more income | 1 | 5 | 3.53 | 0.773 | −0.526 | 0.363 | ||
| Satisfied with the existing forest land policy | 1 | 5 | 3.3 | 0.798 | −0.1 | 0.196 | ||
| Considering the problems encountered in the process of forestry production are difficult to solve, and flowing out of the forest land | 1 | 5 | 3.27 | 0.827 | −0.391 | 0.249 | ||
| Considering the existing forest land does not meet its own needs, and flowing into the forest land | 1 | 5 | 3.52 | 0.968 | −0.078 | −0.417 | ||
| Believing the transfer of forest land management rights will be an important development trend | 1 | 5 | 3.8 | 0.903 | −0.321 | −0.415 | ||
| Subjective norm | Simplicity and convenience of the transfer procedure of forest land management rights is | 1 | 5 | 3.24 | 1.032 | 0.26 | −0.54 | 3.285 |
| Willingness of relatives and friends to transfer the management rights of forest land | 1 | 5 | 3.16 | 0.964 | −0.427 | −0.057 | ||
| Encouragement from governments and communities on the transfer of forest land management rights | 1 | 5 | 3.52 | 0.985 | −0.073 | −0.441 | ||
| Relatives and friends’ rewards from the transfer of forest land management rights | 1 | 5 | 3.22 | 0.922 | −0.459 | −0.058 | ||
| Perceived behavioural control | Easy to find the information about the transfer of forest land management rights | 1 | 5 | 3.14 | 1.16 | 0.076 | −0.652 | 3.243 |
| High forest land management technology to support forest land inflow | 1 | 5 | 3.13 | 0.975 | −0.304 | −0.293 | ||
| Sufficient labour to support forest land inflow | 1 | 5 | 3.31 | 1.108 | 0.015 | −0.696 | ||
| Able to withstand the risks brought by the transfer of forest land management rights | 1 | 5 | 3.15 | 0.913 | −0.261 | −0.129 | ||
| Forced to flow out forest land due to insufficient labour | 1 | 5 | 3.42 | 1.05 | −0.095 | −0.504 | ||
| Less forest resources and poor quality | 1 | 5 | 3.31 | 0.925 | −0.332 | −0.031 | ||
The combined reliability test was performed based on the questionnaire data. According to Table 7, the composite reliability coefficient (CR) value of each variable is >0.6, and the other variables have passed the reliability test requirements except for the average variance extracted (AVE) of behavioural attitude value <0.5. Although the AVE value of behavioural attitude is <0.5, its Cronbach’s
Composite reliability test
| Behavioural attitude | Understanding the transfer of forest land management rights | 0.596 | 0.404 | 0.777 | 0.374 | 0.777 | 0.745 | ||
| Increasing income | 0.101 | *** | 0.434 | 0.566 | 0.766 | ||||
| Satisfied with existing policies | 0.081 | *** | 0.719 | 0.281 | 0.753 | ||||
| Production problems | 0.079 | *** | 0.632 | 0.368 | 0.753 | ||||
| Unsatisfied demand | 0.074 | *** | 0.806 | 0.194 | 0.709 | ||||
| Important development trend | 0.102 | *** | 0.57 | 0.43 | 0.732 | ||||
| Subjective norm | Simple and convenient procedure | 0.05 | *** | 0.532 | 0.468 | 0.825 | 0.543 | 0.831 | 0.790 |
| Willingness of the relatives and friends | 0.051 | *** | 0.399 | 0.601 | 0.792 | ||||
| Encouragement from the government on the transfer of forest land management rights | 0.053 | *** | 0.572 | 0.428 | 0.773 | ||||
| Benefits for relatives and friends | 0.326 | 0.674 | 0.789 | ||||||
| Perceived behavioural control | Relevant information | 0.337 | 0.663 | 0.862 | 0.515 | 0.864 | 0.835 | ||
| Business and technical support | 0.052 | *** | 0.358 | 0.642 | 0.841 | ||||
| Labour support | 0.044 | *** | 0.502 | 0.498 | 0.829 | ||||
| Risks | 0.047 | *** | 0.506 | 0.494 | 0.839 | ||||
| Labour shortage | 0.051 | *** | 0.504 | 0.496 | 0.839 | ||||
| Less forest resources and poor quality | 0.047 | *** | 0.706 | 0.294 | 0.860 | ||||
| Total | 0.924 | ||||||||
AVE, average variance extracted; CR, composite reliability coefficient
Table 8 shows the KMO value of the scale and the p value of Bartlett spherical test, both of which have passed the test, so the scale has good validity.
KMO value and Bartlett spherical test
| Willingness of forest land’s management rights transfer | 4 | 0.589 | 48.101 | *** |
| Behavioural attitude | 6 | 0.809 | 582.585 | *** |
| Subjective norm | 4 | 0.783 | 609.625 | *** |
| Perceived behavioural control | 6 | 0.851 | 1080.041 | *** |
| Total | 20 | 0.923 | 3624.319 | *** |
Based on TPB, path analysis is conducted between the three latent variables of behavioural attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioural control and the variables of transfer willingness. The revised path coefficients and significance are as shown in Table 9. The path coefficients in Table 9 show that behavioural attitude has a significant negative impact on the willingness while the perceived behavioural control does not have a significant impact on the willingness, which is consistent with the results of logistic regression analysis. However, according to the structural equation analysis results, the conclusion that the subjective norm obtained by Logistic regression analysis has a significant negative effect on the willingness of forest land management rights transfer is verified.
Revised path coefficient and its significance level
| Behavioural attitude | → | Transfer willingness | −0.752 | *** |
| Subjective norm | → | Transfer willingness | – | Not significant |
| Perceived behavioural control | → | Transfer willingness | – | Not significant |
Based on the TPB, this paper conducted a questionnaire survey on farmers’ willingness for forest land management rights transfer in Beijing, and 409 valid data were obtained. Using two analytical methods of binary logistic regression and SEM, this paper explored the influence mechanism of such variables as farmers’ behavioural attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioural control on their willingness of transfer.
The main conclusions are as follows:
The behavioural attitude of farmers has a significant negative impact on the willingness of forest land management rights transfer. The less the farmers underestimate the results of the forest land’s management rights transfer, the more conducive it is to the inflow and outflow of forest land. Therefore, when farmers have a better understanding of the transfer policy of forest land management rights, and believe that it can bring more income to them, they are very satisfied with the existing forest land policy. When they think the problems encountered in the process of forestry production are difficult to solve, and the existing forest land does not meet their own needs, they will think that the transfer will be an important development trend. These above factors will increase the willingness of forest land management rights transfer. We suggest that we should pay attention to the change in farmers’ behavioural attitude, try to reduce the impact of the results of transfer on them, weaken their dependence on the ownership of forest land, improve the transfer rate of forest land management rights and better allocate the forest land management rights. There is no significant effect of farmers’ perceived behavioural control on the willingness of forest land management rights transfer. Farmers’ perception of the difficulty of transfer would not significantly affect their decision-making. Age, family population and average annual household income do not significantly affect the willingness of transfer, which is not consistent with the results of previous studies that family situation will affect their willingness. This may be due to the lack of randomness of the questionnaire sample in this study, or the different circumstances of the transfer of forest land management rights in Beijing, which requires further research. The results for analysing the impact of subjective norm on the willingness of forest land management rights transfer in the two models are different. The results of binary logistic regression show that the subjective norm has a significant negative impact on the willingness of forest land management rights transfer. However, the results of SEM show that the subjective norm has no significant impact on the willingness of transfer. In the analysis, the model fitting degree of binary logistic regression analysis is higher, while that of SEM is relatively moderate. The former results are more reliable and more consistent with the TPB. However, the impact of subjective norm on the willingness of transfer still needs further verification. The government should try to reduce the pressure that farmers feel when they carry out transfer, be it from relatives, friends or the government policies. The government needs to standardise and simplify the flow of forest land management rights, encourage the transfer of forest land’s management rights, reduce the pressure of farmers and protect their interests.
Fig. 1
Composite reliability test
| Behavioural attitude | Understanding the transfer of forest land management rights | 0.596 | 0.404 | 0.777 | 0.374 | 0.777 | 0.745 | ||
| Increasing income | 0.101 | *** | 0.434 | 0.566 | 0.766 | ||||
| Satisfied with existing policies | 0.081 | *** | 0.719 | 0.281 | 0.753 | ||||
| Production problems | 0.079 | *** | 0.632 | 0.368 | 0.753 | ||||
| Unsatisfied demand | 0.074 | *** | 0.806 | 0.194 | 0.709 | ||||
| Important development trend | 0.102 | *** | 0.57 | 0.43 | 0.732 | ||||
| Subjective norm | Simple and convenient procedure | 0.05 | *** | 0.532 | 0.468 | 0.825 | 0.543 | 0.831 | 0.790 |
| Willingness of the relatives and friends | 0.051 | *** | 0.399 | 0.601 | 0.792 | ||||
| Encouragement from the government on the transfer of forest land management rights | 0.053 | *** | 0.572 | 0.428 | 0.773 | ||||
| Benefits for relatives and friends | 0.326 | 0.674 | 0.789 | ||||||
| Perceived behavioural control | Relevant information | 0.337 | 0.663 | 0.862 | 0.515 | 0.864 | 0.835 | ||
| Business and technical support | 0.052 | *** | 0.358 | 0.642 | 0.841 | ||||
| Labour support | 0.044 | *** | 0.502 | 0.498 | 0.829 | ||||
| Risks | 0.047 | *** | 0.506 | 0.494 | 0.839 | ||||
| Labour shortage | 0.051 | *** | 0.504 | 0.496 | 0.839 | ||||
| Less forest resources and poor quality | 0.047 | *** | 0.706 | 0.294 | 0.860 | ||||
| Total | 0.924 | ||||||||
Descriptive statistics of measured variables
| Willingness of forest land management rights transfer | Intention of forest land management rights transfer | 1 | 5 | 2.74 | 0.816 | 0.665 | 0.221 | 2.558 |
| Willingness to transfer forest rights | 1 | 3 | 1.47 | 0.741 | 0.549 | 1.197 | ||
| Mode of willingness | 1 | 7 | 2.6 | 1.717 | 2.947 | 1.225 | ||
| Difficulty degree of forest land management rights transfer | 1 | 6 | 3.42 | 1.109 | 1.229 | 0.506 | ||
| Behavioural attitude | A better understanding of the transfer of forest land management rights | 1 | 5 | 2.9 | 1.008 | −0.172 | −0.527 | 3.387 |
| Thinking of the transfer of forest land management rights can bring more income | 1 | 5 | 3.53 | 0.773 | −0.526 | 0.363 | ||
| Satisfied with the existing forest land policy | 1 | 5 | 3.3 | 0.798 | −0.1 | 0.196 | ||
| Considering the problems encountered in the process of forestry production are difficult to solve, and flowing out of the forest land | 1 | 5 | 3.27 | 0.827 | −0.391 | 0.249 | ||
| Considering the existing forest land does not meet its own needs, and flowing into the forest land | 1 | 5 | 3.52 | 0.968 | −0.078 | −0.417 | ||
| Believing the transfer of forest land management rights will be an important development trend | 1 | 5 | 3.8 | 0.903 | −0.321 | −0.415 | ||
| Subjective norm | Simplicity and convenience of the transfer procedure of forest land management rights is | 1 | 5 | 3.24 | 1.032 | 0.26 | −0.54 | 3.285 |
| Willingness of relatives and friends to transfer the management rights of forest land | 1 | 5 | 3.16 | 0.964 | −0.427 | −0.057 | ||
| Encouragement from governments and communities on the transfer of forest land management rights | 1 | 5 | 3.52 | 0.985 | −0.073 | −0.441 | ||
| Relatives and friends’ rewards from the transfer of forest land management rights | 1 | 5 | 3.22 | 0.922 | −0.459 | −0.058 | ||
| Perceived behavioural control | Easy to find the information about the transfer of forest land management rights | 1 | 5 | 3.14 | 1.16 | 0.076 | −0.652 | 3.243 |
| High forest land management technology to support forest land inflow | 1 | 5 | 3.13 | 0.975 | −0.304 | −0.293 | ||
| Sufficient labour to support forest land inflow | 1 | 5 | 3.31 | 1.108 | 0.015 | −0.696 | ||
| Able to withstand the risks brought by the transfer of forest land management rights | 1 | 5 | 3.15 | 0.913 | −0.261 | −0.129 | ||
| Forced to flow out forest land due to insufficient labour | 1 | 5 | 3.42 | 1.05 | −0.095 | −0.504 | ||
| Less forest resources and poor quality | 1 | 5 | 3.31 | 0.925 | −0.332 | −0.031 | ||
Variable assignment
| x1 | Behavioural attitude | 1–5 | Individual cognition and evaluation of decision execution |
| x2 | Subjective norm | 1–5 | Social pressure on individual when it comes to perform this behaviour |
| x3 | Perceived behavioural control | 1–5 | The difficulty the individual perceives when taking an action |
| x4 | Gender | 1–2 | Male = 1, female = 2 |
| x5 | Age | 1–6 | Under 30 years old = 1; 30–40 years old = 2; 40–50 years old = 3; 50–60 years old = 4; 60–70 years old = 5; over 70 years old = 6 |
| x6 | Family population | 1–7 | 1 person = 1; 2 persons = 2; 3 persons = 3; 4 persons = 4; 5 persons = 5; 6 persons = 6; 6 persons or more = 7 |
| x7 | Average annual household income | 1–4 | <20,000 yuan = 1; 20,001–30,000 yuan = 2; 30,001–50,000 yuan = 3; 50,000 yuan above = 4 |
Regression results of logistics model of circulating will of forest land’s management right
| Behavioural attitude | −0.723 |
0.245 | 8.711 | 0.003 | 0.485 |
| Subjective norm | −0.477 |
0.236 | 4.069 | 0.044 | 0.621 |
| Perceived behavioural control | 0.017 | 0.253 | 0.004 | 0.947 | 1.017 |
| Gender | −0.283 | 0.346 | 0.672 | 0.412 | 0.753 |
| Age | 0.131 | 0.193 | 0.463 | 0.496 | 1.140 |
| Family population | 0.044 | 0.145 | 0.091 | 0.763 | 1.045 |
| Average annual household income | −0.019 | 0.131 | 0.021 | 0.885 | 0.981 |
| Constant term | −2.508 |
0.759 | 10.916 | 0.001 | 0.081 |
Revised path coefficient and its significance level
| Behavioural attitude | → | Transfer willingness | −0.752 | *** |
| Subjective norm | → | Transfer willingness | – | Not significant |
| Perceived behavioural control | → | Transfer willingness | – | Not significant |
Regression test of logistics model
| Observed | Predicted | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Transaction intention | Percentage correction | |||
| 1.00 | 2.00 | |||
| Transaction intension | 1.00 | 353 | 4 | 98.9 |
| 2.00 | 52 | 0 | .0 | |
| Total percentage | 86.3 | |||
Regression results of logistics model of forest land’s management rights circulating will
| Behavioural attitude | −0.701 | 0.229 | 9.367 | 0.002 | 0.496 |
| Subjective norm | −0.499 | 0.218 | 5.223 | 0.022 | 0.607 |
| Constant term | −2.312 | 0.203 | 129.397 | 0.000 | 0.099 |
Analysis of variance inflation factor
| Behavioural attitude | 0.371 | 2.693 |
| Subjective norm | 0.363 | 2.758 |
| Perceived behavioural control | 0.373 | 2.678 |
| Gender | 0.860 | 1.163 |
| Age | 0.986 | 1.014 |
| Family population | 0.990 | 1.010 |
| Average annual household income | 0.984 | 1.016 |
| Mean value | 1.762 | |
KMO value and Bartlett spherical test
| Willingness of forest land’s management rights transfer | 4 | 0.589 | 48.101 | *** |
| Behavioural attitude | 6 | 0.809 | 582.585 | *** |
| Subjective norm | 4 | 0.783 | 609.625 | *** |
| Perceived behavioural control | 6 | 0.851 | 1080.041 | *** |
| Total | 20 | 0.923 | 3624.319 | *** |
Research and implementation of smart city public information mining analysis system based on mobile edge model of game theory Design of college education evaluation based on accompanying data acquisition and mathematical analysis Enterprise financial strategy and performance management analysis based on principal component analysis Study on the Dynamic Change of Regional Water Level and Climate Based on Forecast Equation Municipal Civil Engineering Construction Based on Finite Element Differential Equations Financial Risk Prevention Model of Financial Institutions Based on Linear Partial Differential Equation Application and Practice of Artificial Intelligence Technology in Interior Design Statistical Model of College Students’ Mental Health Based on the Law of Large Numbers Application of cloud accounting in enterprise financial forecasting and decision making in the era of big data The Characteristics and Monitoring System of Athletes’ Physical Strength Training Based on Tunable Neuron Mathematical Model Research on the value dimension and practical path of the construction of college soccer curriculum thinking politics under the perspective of multimedia + moral education Garden Landscape Construction Based on Landscape Urbanism and Dynamic Nonlinear System Thinking Influence of heterogeneity of local officials on the economy of resource-based cities developed with high quality Path construction of public management model based on POI social computing Analysis of influencing factors of SPOC course teaching effect using structural equation modelling Formation mechanism of financial vulnerability in rural China based on Markov model and countermeasures Secure transmission of wireless energy-carrying communication systems for the Internet of Things Dynamic Optimization of Robot Automatic Control System Based on Differential Algebraic Equations Training Model of Basketball Offensive Route Based on Nonlinear Differential Equation Research on the construction of rural interface style based on aesthetic rules Optimization Algorithm of New Media Hot Event Push Based on Nonlinear Differential Equation Mathematical Differential Equation in Calculating the Strength of Building Beam Structure Impact Resistance Stability of Building Structural Engineering Based on Fractional Differential Equations The Technical Research on the Assessment of Network Security Situation Based on D-S Evidence Theory Computer big data modeling system based on finite element mathematical equation simulation Uniqueness of system integration scheme of artificial intelligence technology in fractional differential mathematical equation Uniqueness of system integration scheme of artificial intelligence technology in fractional differential mathematical equation The Composition System of Pop Music Movement Based on Finite Element Differential Equations The Structure and Influencing Factors of Innovation and Entrepreneurship Ability of Higher Vocational Students Based on Structural Equation Model Model System Study of Accordion Score Based on Fractional Differential Equations Visual Communication Effect Modeling of Public Service Advertisements Based on Fractional Differential Equations Digital Finance in the Context of Common Wealth Helps Regional Economic Development of High Quality Data mining of Chain convenience stores location A method to predict whether middle school students will enter STEM careers in the future based on FC-Wide&Deep model Parameter Id of Metal Hi-pressure State Equation Mathematical Method to Construct Linear Programming Scheme of Football Training P-Matrix Reasoning and Information Intelligent Mining Symmetry Analysis and Exact Solutions of Extended Kadomtsev-Petviashvili Equation in Fluids Deep learning-based security situational awareness and detection technology for power networks in the context of big data Research on Detection Model of Abnormal Data in Engineering Cost List Digital Film Music Creation Model Based on Inhomogeneous First Order Constant Coefficient Linear Differential Equation Research on deformation monitoring of tunnel engineering based on 3D laser scanning Trajectory tracking control of remotely operated vehicle based on thruster dynamics Solidification treatment effect of wellsite waste mud based on physical adsorption of a composite curing agent A study of immersive technology for product usability improvement design based on comprehensive value evaluation The Calculation of Sports Injury Sensitivity of Martial Arts Athletes Based on ROC Curve On new aspects of Chebyshev polynomials for space-time fractional diffusion process Training Evaluation Model of Outdoor Cross-Country Sports Tourism Project Based on Lagrangian Differential Equation Calculation Intelligent Recommendation System for English Vocabulary Learning – Based on Crowdsensing Application of Nonlinear Fractional Differential Equations in Computer Artificial Intelligence Algorithms Stability of equilibrium price-production of dynamic duopoly Bertrand–Cournot game in a transnational supply chain with asymmetric information Application of calculus function and value chain analysis method in the quantification of financial flexibility management indicators Analysis of the existing constraints of the “sports season teaching model” in physical education in colleges and universities Optimal Research in Piano Shape Sound and Sound Propagation Model Based on Nonlinear Differential Equations Scientific Training Model of Sports Tourism Based on Nonlinear Differential Equation The stability of resource and environmental economics model based on hyperbolic sine function The dilemma and path of rural college students returning to their hometowns for employment and entrepreneurship in the post-epidemic period under the background of big data Analysis and elaboration of enterprise management innovation path based on logistic regression perspective Financial big data control and intelligent analysis method for investment decision of renewable energy projects Research on secure Internet of things gateway technology based on multi-communication methods Analysis of the dilemma of higher vocational thinking education in China under the background of “Internet+” Analysis on the application method of new media technology in film and television media in the era of big data cloud Establishment and application of traditional Wushu intelligent learning resource database under the background of big data A Review of the Design and Enhancement of Pastoral Culture Creativity in Chinese Rural Ecotourism Research on Computer Network Security Protection Technology Incorporating Full Convolutional Networks Analysis and Research on Technical and Tactical Action Recognition in Football Based on 3D Neural Network Research on the Logical Turn and Practical Path of China’s High-Quality Economic Development in the Context of Digitalization Nonlinear Differential Equation in University Education Information Course Selection System Influencing factors of modern and contemporary decorative pattern design on users’ visual perception characteristics Big Data Analytics Technology and Applications in Cloud Computing Perspective Construction machinery hydraulic transmission system fault analysis and elimination methods Cost management of power grid transmission and substation project based on BIM technology Optimization strategy of ideological and political education in colleges and universities based on modern information technology Analysis of IPO pricing efficiency under the registration system Case application data research of traditional ink art elements in packaging design Research on the identification of common faults of agricultural machinery based on vibration characteristics A Review of the Research on Labor Supply Effect of Active Aging Research on an early warning model of effectiveness evaluation in ideological and political teaching based on big data Design and implementation of computer network security protection system based on artificial intelligence technology Application of intelligent teaching resource organisation model and construction of performance evaluation model Secure transmission of simultaneous wireless information and power transfer system for Internet of things Application of traditional cultural elements in landscape design Research on the application of traditional culture in landscape design The Evaluation Model of College Students’ Mental Health Under the Fractional Differential Equation Numerical simulation of vortex vibration in main girder of cable-stayed bridge based on bidirectional fluid–structure coupling Deep learning-based foreign object detection method for aviation runways Research on location algorithm of new energy vehicle charging station based on multi-objective decision Ancient Building Surveying and Mapping Modeling Protection System Based on Lagrangian Mathematical Equation Sports Science Movement model based on fractional differential equation Training fatigue and recovery of Wushu Sanda athletes based on comprehensive environmental testing Application of grey correlation degree algorithm in the evaluation system of college students’ innovation and entrepreneurship in applied undergraduate institutions Optimisation of construction mode of residential houses based on the genetic algorithm under BIM technology The development of the integration of red gene and curriculum thinking based on BP neural network mathematical algorithm Construction of a social audit platform based on big data for “industry price, quality and credit” A study on the reform of college English education inspired by the cultural differences between China and the United States Research on innovative strategies of college students’ English teaching under the blessing of big data Structure innovation of agricultural supply chain in china: from farmers’ perspective Research on multi-dimensional optimisation design of user interface under Rhino/GH platform Quantitative Analysis of the Influence of Coal Mining on the Underflow Zone of Rivers by Using Double Integro-differential Equations Optimisation analysis of distribution network planning based on the IVIF-AHP method Exploration of “English Plus” teaching mode under the background of blockchain construction A long command subsequence algorithm for manufacturing industry recommendation systems with similarity connection technology Analysis of tea culture communication path based on the principal component analysis method Supply chain network model of cost accounting based on improved particle swarm optimisation algorithm Construction of a multimodal poetry translation corpus based on AdaBoost model Research on personalised recommendation algorithm for college students’ employment Application of Higher-Order Ordinary Differential Equation Model in Financial Investment Stock Price Forecast Evaluation of spoken English self-study system considering speech knowledge recognition algorithm Design of a decentralized Internet-based control system for industrial robot robotic arms Design of a mechanical automatic transmission system for automobiles based on torsional vibration damping Application research on piano teaching in colleges and universities based on remote wireless network communication Construction of a mathematical modeling teaching quality assessment system for universities based on Eviews model Construction of Financial Risk Evaluation Index System for Biomass Graphene Fibre Industrialisation Project Innovative model of teaching in law experiment center based on LETS software A Study on the Implications of Critical Discourse Analysis Theory for College English Teaching in the Context of Big Data Computational research on flat image design and style based on perceptual feature quantification The artistic aesthetic and cultural value orientation of 3D printing A multidimensional interpretation of Marxist theory based on a decentralized Internet perspective Student management model of college student associations based on ant colony Algorithm Analysis of the evolution of China’s energy legal system under the background of discrete model theory and dual carbon Design of Morlet wavelet neural network to solve the non-linear influenza disease system An online statistical analysis of the hotel management and operation performance model Research on the relationship between the construction of school teachers’ team literacy and the educational environment Research on the post-purchase behaviour tendency of the product quality to customers in fast-selling marketing Motion about equilibrium points in the Jupiter-Europa system with oblateness Design of an embedded machine vision system for smart cameras Ultra-short-term power forecast of photovoltaic power station based on VMD–LSTM model optimised by SSA Optimal preview repetitive control for impulse-free continuous-time descriptor systems Design of information management system based on wireless communication under the background of Internet of Things The impact of global warming on the small Scottish Fishing Company Research on heat transfer properties of graphene composites Development of main functional modules for MVB and its application in rail transit Analysis of agricultural economic development and optimisation measures under the strategy of rural revitalisation Study on the impact of forest fire prevention policy on the health of forest resources Value Creation of Real Estate Company Spin-off Property Service Company Listing Selection by differential mortality rates Research on the relationship between government subsidies, R&D investment and high-quality development of manufacturing industry Research on the protection and inheritance of intangible cultural heritage under the background of rural revitalisation Research on behavioural differences in the processing of tenant listing information: An eye-movement experiment Computer vision recognition and tracking algorithm based on convolutional neural network Innovative reform strategy of artistic practice of university folk dance education based on information fusion technology A review of the treatment techniques of VOC Study on structural parameter design and life analysis of large four-point contact ball bearing channel Some classes of complete permutation polynomials in the form of ( x p m −x +δ )s +ax p m +bx overF p 2m Digital marketing solutions based on consumer data and homomorphic encryption The consistency method of linguistic information and other four preference information in group decision-making Research on the driving principle and guiding strategy of the public's collaborative supervision of the sharing economy in my country Influence of innovative human capital on economic development of China through the STI model New ideas of precision teaching development based on the background of big data Research on the willingness of Forest Land’s Management Rights transfer under the Beijing Forestry Development Application research of bel canto performance based on artificial intelligence technology Research on the path of integrating blockchain technology into the teaching of film and television courses in higher education institutions Combined application of employment education and big data internet technology based on the context of vocational education reform Fractal structure of magnetic island in tokamak plasma College students' innovation and entrepreneurship model based on probability theory statistics Exploring the path of network security and student privacy protection in smart campus based on Markov model Innovation and entrepreneurship model of higher vocational college students based on probability theory statistics Application of knowledge graph in smart grid fault diagnosis Research on the innovation of youth network media literacy education in the context of Internet + education Research on the optimisation of logistics parcel intelligent sorting and conveying chain combined with variable clustering mathematical method Research on power quality assessment based on ubiquitous power IoT Analysis of the properties of matrix rank and the relationship between matrix rank and matrix operations Analysis of network information security issues under the background of big data Research on SOC estimation of residual power of lithium-ion batteries for electric vehicles based on extended Kalman filtering algorithm Harmonic current variation characteristics of shunt capacitors based on full-phase FFT algorithm Urban Public Epidemic Prevention and Control Model Based on Nonlinear Differential Equations Research on computer vision technology based on BP-LSTM hybrid network Research progress of computer vision tasks based on deep learning and SAE network Application of Discriminative Training Algorithm Based on Intelligent Computing in English Translation Evaluation Research on the application of GLE teaching mode in English-medium colleges The application of directional derivative in the design of animation characters and background elements Research on product process design and optimisation model based on IoT intelligent computing Simulation research on music feature recognition based on mobile big data and smart sensors Digital design and experimental testing of a compressor's suction muffler transmission loss LTE wireless network coverage optimisation based on corrected propagation model SCP model based on the new energy vehicle collaborative detection configuration method research Study on tourism development income index calculation of finite element ordinary differential mathematical equation The cardiovascular promotion of college taekwondo based on fractional differential equation Analysis and research on the economic benefits of employee labor in enterprises in the context of the Internet Application of renewable energy decorative materials in modern architectural design under low-carbon concept The boundedness of functional differential equations of hospital financial software under information Deep learning model-based brand design 3D image construction The character image setting of 3D animation works based on Poisson equation Research on the interaction between university physical culture education and college students’ physical exercise in the context of big data The optimization path of core literacy of innovative talents in universities based on the improved Markov model Analysis of the innovation path of university education management informatization in the era of big data Impact of ASEAN-China free trade area on fishery value chain based on difference-in-difference method Research on indoor environment design of comprehensive commercial shopping center based on numerical simulation Empirical analysis of the economic absolute income hypothesis based on mathematical statistics Realization of Book Collaborative Filtering Personalized Recommendation System Based on Linear Regression Equation Study on Interactive Relations between Enterprise Social Media and Decision Style Based on a vector Autoregressive Model Research on Dynamics of Flexible Multibody System with Deployable Antenna Based on Static Lagrangian Function The Optimization of Mathematics Teaching Models in Colleges and Universities Based on Nonlinear Differential Equations Study on spatial planning and design of learning commons in university libraries based on fuzzy matrix model The Stability Model of Piano Tone Tuning Based on Ordinary Differential Equations Construction and application of automobile user portrait based on k-mean clustering model The Homework Model of Screening English Teaching Courses Based on Fractional Differential Equations MATLAB-based simulation of industrial robots in water environment monitoring An innovative teaching model of automotive manufacturing process based on ADDIE model The train of thought and design of university talents training based on ADDIE model from the perspective of ideological and political education Research on the innovation of model based on the cultivation of talents in higher vocational art and design Calculus Logic Function in Integrated Manufacturing Automation of Single Chip Microcomputer Football Offense Training Strategy Based on Fractional Differential Mathematical Modeling The Mathematical Analysis Model of Educational System in Music Courses in Colleges and Universities Continuing Education Network Data Center Model Based on Fractional Differential Mathematical Equations Study on the factors influencing the evolution mechanism of cobalt trade network from the perspective of national competition Computer Art Design Model Based on Nonlinear Fractional Differential Equations The Optimization Model of Public Space Design Teaching Reform Based on Fractional Differential Equations The Approximate Solution of Nonlinear Vibration of Tennis Based on Nonlinear Vibration Differential Equation Graphical Modular Power Technology of Distribution Network Based on Machine Learning Statistical Mathematical Equation Reliability analysis of reinforced concrete beams based on the stochastic model of resistance calculation Employment and Professional Education Training System of College Graduates Based on the Law of Large Numbers Economic Research on Multiple Linear Regression in Fruit Market inspection and Management Nonlinear Differential Equations in Preventing Financial Risks Lagrange’s Mathematical Equations in the Sports Training of College Students Simulation Research of Electrostatic Precipitator Power Supply Voltage Control System Based on Finite Element Differential Equation Research on the effect of generative adversarial network based on wavelet transform hidden Markov model on face creation and classification Research on Lightweight Injection Molding (CAE) and Numerical Simulation Calculate of New Energy Vehicle Power Flow Calculation in Smart Distribution Network Based on Power Machine Learning Based on Fractional Differential Equations Demonstration of application program of logistics public information management platform based on fuzzy constrained programming mathematical model Basketball Shooting Rate Based on Multiple Regression Logical-Mathematical Algorithm The Optimal Application of Lagrangian Mathematical Equations in Computer Data Analysis Similarity Solutions of the Surface Waves Equation in (2+1) Dimensions and Bifurcation Optimal decisions and channel coordination of a green supply chain with marketing effort and fairness concerns Game theoretic model for low carbon supply chain under carbon emissions reduction sensitive random demand The Relationship Between College Students’ Taekwondo Courses and College Health Based on Mathematical Statistics Equations Fractional Differential Equations in the Exploration of Geological and Mineral Construction AdaBoost Algorithm in Trustworthy Network for Anomaly Intrusion Detection Enterprise Financial Risk Early Warning System Based on Structural Equation Model A Study on the Application of Quantile Regression Equation in Forecasting Financial Value at Risk in Financial Markets Fractional Differential Equations in the Model of Vocational Education and Teaching Practice Environment Information transmission simulation of Internet of things communication nodes under collision free probability equation Image denoising model based on improved fractional calculus mathematical equation Random Fourier Approximation of the Kernel Function in Programmable Networks The Complexity of Virtual Reality Technology in the Simulation and Modeling of Civil Mathematical Models University Library Lending System Model Based on Fractional Differential Equations Calculation and Performance Evaluation of Text Similarity Based on Strong Classification Features Intelligent Matching System of Clauses in International Investment Arbitration Cases Based on Big Data Statistical Model Evaluation and Verification of Patent Value Based on Combination Forecasting Model Financial Institution Prevention Financial Risk Monitoring System Under the Fusion of Partial Differential Equations Prediction and Analysis of ChiNext Stock Price Based on Linear and Non-linear Composite Model Calculus Logic Function in Tax Risk Avoidance in Different Stages of Enterprises The Psychological Memory Forgetting Model Based on the Analysis of Linear Differential Equations Optimization Simulation System of University Science Education Based on Finite Differential Equations The Law of Large Numbers in Children's Education Optimization System of Strength and Flexibility Training in Aerobics Course Based on Lagrangian Mathematical Equation Data structure simulation for the reform of the teaching process of university computer courses A multi-factor Regression Equation-based Test of Fitness Maximal Aerobic Capacity in Athletes Garment Image Retrieval based on Grab Cut Auto Segmentation and Dominate Color Method Financial Risk Prediction and Analysis Based on Nonlinear Differential Equations Constructivist Learning Method of Ordinary Differential Equations in College Mathematics Teaching Multiple Effects Analysis of Hangzhou Issuing Digital Consumer Coupons Based on Simultaneous Equations of CDM Model Response Model of Teachers’ Psychological Education in Colleges and Universities Based on Nonlinear Finite Element Equations A Hybrid Computational Intelligence Method of Newton's Method and Genetic Algorithm for Solving Compatible Nonlinear Equations Pressure Image Recognition of Lying Positions Based on Multi-feature value Regularized Extreme Learning Algorithm English Intelligent Question Answering System Based on elliptic fitting equation Precision Machining Technology of Jewelry on CNC Machine Tool Based on Mathematical Modeling Application Research of Mathematica Software in Calculus Teaching Computer Vision Communication Technology in Mathematical Modeling Skills of Music Creation Based on Homogeneous First-Order Linear Partial Differential Equations Mathematical Statistics Technology in the Educational Grading System of Preschool Students Music Recommendation Index Evaluation Based on Logistic Distribution Fitting Transition Probability Function Children's Educational Curriculum Evaluation Management System in Mathematical Equation Model Query Translation Optimization and Mathematical Modeling for English-Chinese Cross-Language Information Retrieval The Effect of Children’s Innovative Education Courses Based on Fractional Differential Equations Fractional Differential Equations in the Standard Construction Model of the Educational Application of the Internet of Things Optimization research on prefabricated concrete frame buildings based on the dynamic equation of eccentric structure and horizontal-torsional coupling Optimization in Mathematics Modeling and Processing of New Type Silicate Glass Ceramics Green building considering image processing technology combined with CFD numerical simulation Construction of an enterprise financial risk management system based on F-score model Research on personalized Japanese language teaching model based on big data technology Research on education management system based on machine learning and multidimensional data modeling A multidimensional interpretation of Marxist globalization theory based on decentralized internet Analysis of the improvement path of English listening and speaking ability based on big data technology Multi-featured multi-scale combination of high-resolution remote sensing images for building extraction Study on the absorption technology of distribution network with high-proportion distributed power supply Abnormal Behavior of Fractional Differential Equations in Processing Computer Big Data Electronic properties of diamond semiconductor materials: based on response surface model Application of BOPPPS teaching model in online and offline blended teaching of college Public Basic Mathematics Mathematical Modeling Thoughts and Methods Based on Fractional Differential Equations in Teaching Deep learning techniques in modern women’s smart clothing design Grouting reinforcement strategy for tunnel sand layer based on BP neural network Nonlinear Differential Equations in Computer-Aided Modeling of Big Data Technology A study on the aesthetic characteristics of ethnic music based on radial basis neural network model Research on university laboratory network security based on Cloud Computing The Uniqueness of Solutions of Fractional Differential Equations in University Mathematics Teaching Based on the Principle of Compression Mapping Analysis of the application methods of film and television media and images in the era of big data cloud Títul Mobile visual media design based on digital media technology and augmented reality Air data computer simulation and design credibility assessment considering ADC calculation model Spatial planning layout design of national land in the context of rural revitalization based on MOLA model Analysis of news communication strategies in the era of full media based on big data mining On the improvement, innovation and inheritance of stage makeup styling in opera under the background of big data Influence of 3D characters image transfer on animation drawing based on detail feature preservation Recognition of Electrical Control System of Flexible Manipulator Based on Transfer Function Estimation Method Evaluation Mechanism of Teaching Staff’s Building in Local Vocational Colleges Based on Big Data Technology Títul Sports consumption behavior and consumption demand of urban residents in the context of “Internet+” Automatic Knowledge Integration Method of English Translation Corpus Based on Kmeans Algorithm Real Estate Economic Development Based on Logarithmic Growth Function Model Design of Tennis Mobile Teaching Assistant System Based on Ordinary Differential Equations Financial Crisis Early Warning Model of Listed Companies Based on Fisher Linear Discriminant Analysis High Simulation Reconstruction of Crowd Animation Based on Optical Flow Constraint Equation Construction of Intelligent Search Engine for Big Data Multimedia Resource Subjects Based on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation 3D Animation Simulation of Computer Fractal and Fractal Technology Combined with Diamond-Square Algorithm Analysis of the Teaching Quality of Physical Education Class by Using the Method of Gradient Difference The Summation of Series Based on the Laplace Transformation Method in Mathematics Teaching Optimal Solution of the Fractional Differential Equation to Solve the Bending Performance Test of Corroded Reinforced Concrete Beams under Prestressed Fatigue Load Animation VR scene mosaic modeling based on generalized Laplacian equation Radial Basis Function Neural Network in Vibration Control of Civil Engineering Structure Optimal Model Combination of Cross-border E-commerce Platform Operation Based on Fractional Differential Equations The influence of accounting computer information processing technology on enterprise internal control under panel data simultaneous equation Research on Stability of Time-delay Force Feedback Teleoperation System Based on Scattering Matrix BIM Building HVAC Energy Saving Technology Based on Fractional Differential Equation Construction of comprehensive evaluation index system of water-saving irrigation project integrating penman Montei the quation Human Resource Management Model of Large Companies Based on Mathematical Statistics Equations Data Forecasting of Air-Conditioning Load in Large Shopping Malls Based on Multiple Nonlinear Regression Analysis of technical statistical indexes of college tennis players under the win-lose regression function equation Automatic extraction and discrimination of vocal main melody based on quadratic wave equation Analysis of wireless English multimedia communication based on spatial state model equation Optimization of Linear Algebra Core Function Framework on Multicore Processors Research on detection of parking space based on the combination of magnetoresistance and microwave radar sensor under IoT platform Research on sustainable development mechanism of regional ‘Artisan Workshop’ under big data environment Application of hybrid kernel function in economic benefit analysis and evaluation of enterprises The analysis method of the impact of missing audit information on the securities investment decisions based on Logistic regression models Research on the innovation theory of college students’ ideological and political education under the background of big data Research on the close-range photogrammetry accuracy of 3D digital interactive platform of Hunan intangible cultural heritage Research on classification of e-commerce customers based on BP neural network Research on the problems and reform strategies of government statistics based on big data technology Research and implementation of visual question and answer system based on deep learning Títul Research on Wireless Network Coverage for Transformation and Upgrading of Exhibition Management with Artificial Intelligence Technology The Control Relationship Between the Enterprise's Electrical Equipment and Mechanical Equipment Based on Graph Theory Adaptive fusion of multi-exposure images based on perceptron model Study on the application of multi-angle imaging related technology in the construction process Mathematical Modeling and Forecasting of Economic Variables Based on Linear Regression Statistics Exploring the Path of Integrating Excellent Traditional Culture into Civic Education in Universities in the Internet+ Era Economic statistical strategies for the transportation industry based on time-varying parametric state space models Nonlinear Differential Equations in Cross-border E-commerce Controlling Return Rate Design and research of environmentally friendly field sewage purification mechanical device Public Management Model Based on Mathematical Equation of Statistics of Probability Theory 3D Mathematical Modeling Technology in Visualized Aerobics Dance Rehearsal System An analysis of time commitment for college students to online English writing and peer assessment learning Optimization path of corporate ESG performance and compensation performance management under carbon neutral target Research on network security management monitoring platform based on Internet of things technology New anergy tide control strategy based on Eviews econometric model Study of frictional wear properties of materials for mechanical seals Optimization of vocal singing training method based on intelligent big data technology Fractional Differential Equations in Electronic Information Models Exploring the construction of an all-round cost management system for investment control in university engineering construction The construction of blockchain platform for engineering museums based on vectorized image processing technology BIM Engineering Management Oriented to Curve Equation Model Relationship Between Physical Activity Sedentary Behavior and Body Mass Index in Children and Adolescents Based on FIT Modelo Green supply chain innovation management strategy based on the combination of low carbon economy and e-commerce with big data technology Leakage control of urban water supply network and mathematical analysis and location of leakage points based on machine learning Analysis of higher education management strategy based on entropy and dissipative structure theory Grid data asset relationship and intelligent classification integrating knowledge graph and Internet of Things Prediction of corporate financial distress based on digital signal processing and multiple regression analysis Mathematical Method to Construct the Linear Programming of Football Training Multimedia sensor image detection based on constrained underdetermined equation The Size of Children's Strollers of Different Ages Based on Ergonomic Mathematics Design Application of Numerical Computation of Partial Differential Equations in Interactive Design of Virtual Reality Media Stiffness Calculation of Gear Hydraulic System Based on the Modeling of Nonlinear Dynamics Differential Equations in the Progressive Method Knowledge Analysis of Charged Particle Motion in Uniform Electromagnetic Field Based on Maxwell Equation Relationship Between Enterprise Talent Management and Performance Based on the Structural Equation Model Method Term structure of economic management rate based on parameter analysis of estimation model of ordinary differential equation Influence analysis of piano music immersion virtual reality cooperation based on mapping equation Chinese painting and calligraphy image recognition technology based on pseudo linear directional diffusion equation Label big data compression in Internet of things based on piecewise linear regression Animation character recognition and character intelligence analysis based on semantic ontology and Poisson equation Analysis of digital humanistic knowledge production based on natural language processing Design of language assisted learning model and online learning system under the background of artificial intelligence Study on the influence of adolescent smoking on physical training vital capacity in eastern coastal areas Application of machine learning in stock selection Comparative analysis of CR of ideological and political education in different regions based on improved fuzzy clustering The Construction of Judgment Model for Cultivating Intelligent Accounting Professionals in Universities Based on Logarithmic Periodic Power Law Model Action of Aut( G ) on the set of maximal subgroups ofp -groupsDigital Regeneration and Database Construction of Hunan Embroidery Needlework under the Perspective of Artificial Intelligence Research on the practice of innovation and entrepreneurship education in universities under the environment of big data Application of digital technology in environmental art design Research on loyalty prediction of e-commerce customer based on data mining Research on the evaluation system of tourism management classroom teaching based on multimedia big data analysis The application of ARCS motivation model in college oral English teaching Research on Innovation of Translation Teaching and Translation Strategies for College Students in Multimedia Background A multi-channel convolutional neural network based on attention mechanism fusion for facial expression recognition Exploring the development of cultural and creative tourism under the perspective of ecological theory of tourism destination management Modeling Analysis of User Consumption Data of Internet Culture Industry in the Context of Emerging Technologies Reference: An algorithm for recognizing the main melody of orchestral music based on artificial intelligence of music melody contour Algebraic Equations in Educational Model of College Physical Education Course Education Professional English Translation Corpus Under the Binomial Theorem Coefficient Geometric Tolerance Control Method for Precision Machinery Based on Image Modeling and Novel Saturation Function Retrieval and Characteristic Analysis of Multimedia Tester Based on Bragg Equation Semiparametric Spatial Econometric Analysis of Household Consumption Based on Ordinary Linear Regression Model Video adaptive watermark embedding and detection algorithm based on phase function equation English Learning Motivation of College Students Based on probability Distribution Scientific Model of Vocational Education Teaching Method in Differential Nonlinearity Research on mobile Awareness service and data privacy Protection based on Linear Equations computing protocol Vocal Music Teaching Model Based on Finite Element Differential Mathematical Equations Studying a matching method combining distance proximity and buffer constraints The trend and influence of media information Propagation based on nonlinear Differential equation Research on the construction of early warning model of customer churn on e-commerce platform Evaluation and prediction of regional human capital based on optimised BP neural network Study on inefficient land use determination method for cities and towns from a city examination perspective A study of local smoothness-informed convolutional neural network models for image inpainting The construction of a practical platform for party building and ideological and political education based on information fusion A study on the influence of the spread of Yangming Studies in Japan on the psychology of the Japanese people based on big data analysis Research on personalized recommendation algorithm for micromechanical sensors based on cloud model Research on the value of modern vernacular literature in contemporary rural construction based on ADDIE model Robust speech recognition based on deep learning for sports game review IoT-based interaction design of smart home products for elderly families Mathematical Calculus Modeling in Improving the Teaching Performance of Shot Put Model Construction of Influencing Factors of Physical Education Core Quality Cultivation Based on Multiple Linear Regression A multidimensional interpretation analysis of Marxism globalization theory based on distributed Internet Application of Nonlinear Differential Equation in Electric Automation Control System Research on the operation and management mechanism of cross-border e-commerce shared practice training base Strategy for financing mode optimization in international trade supply chain based on deep learning model Higher Mathematics Teaching Curriculum Model Based on Lagrangian Mathematical Model Strategies for improving Chinese language proficiency based on artificial intelligence technology Early warning and detection of geological disasters based on intelligent genetic algorithm The success rate model of college students’ new entrepreneurship based on nonlinear differential equations Computational Algorithm to Solve Two–Body Problem Using Power Series in Geocentric System Research on the application of marketing strategy of national fitness exercise and dance events in the construction of sports culture based on big data technology Exploring the Application of Modern Fine Arts Artistic Modeling and Color in Modern Art Design Based on Information Fusion Technology Decisions of competing supply chain with altruistic retailer under risk aversion Strategies for constructing mathematical models of nonlinear systems based on multiple linear regression models Research on China’s tourism marketing model in the data perspective: based on ecological perspective Optimization of Color Matching Technology in Cultural Industry by Fractional Differential Equations Research on human resource management performance evaluation based on BP algorithm The Marketing of Cross-border E-commerce Enterprises in Foreign Trade Based on the Statistics of Mathematical Probability Theory Application of Linear Partial Differential Equation Theory in Guiding Football Scientific Training Nonlinear Channel Estimation for Internet of Vehicles Some Necessary Conditions for Feedback Functions of de Bruijn Sequences The Evolution Model of Regional Tourism Economic Development Difference Based on Spatial Variation Function System Model of Shipping Enterprise Safety Culture Based on Dynamic Calculation Matrix Model An empirical research on economic growth from industrial structure optimisation in the Three Gorges Reservoir area The Inner Relationship between Students' Psychological Factors and Physical Exercise Based on Structural Equation Model (SEM) Analysis and Research on Influencing Factors of Ideological and Political Education Teaching Effectiveness Based on Linear Equation Study of agricultural finance policy information extraction based on ELECTRA-BiLSTM-CRF Fractional Differential Equations in Sports Training in Universities Examination and Countermeasures of Network Education in Colleges and Universities Based on Ordinary Differential Equation Model Innovative research of vertical video creation under the background of mobile communication Higher Education Agglomeration Promoting Innovation and Entrepreneurship Based on Spatial Dubin Model Chinese-English Contrastive Translation System Based on Lagrangian Search Mathematical Algorithm Model Genetic algorithm-based congestion control optimisation for mobile data network Law of interest rate changes in financial markets based on the differential equation model of liquidity Basalt fibre continuous reinforcement composite pavement reinforcement design based on finite element model Satisfactory consistency judgement and inconsistency adjustment of linguistic judgement matrix Badminton players’ trajectory under numerical calculation method Innovations to Attribute Reduction of Covering Decision System Based on Conditional Information Entropy Sensitivity Analysis of the Waterproof Performance of Elastic Rubber Gasket in Shield Tunnel Innovation of Economic Management Risk Control in Retailer Supply Chain Based on Differential Equation Model Statistical Model of College Ideological and Political Learning Based on Fractional Differential Equations Nonlinear Differential Equation in Anti-aging Test of Polymer Nanomaterials Mechanics of Building Structural Materials Based on Lagrangian Mathematical Model Analysis The Mental Health Education Management of Higher Vocational Students Based on Fractional Differential Equations Application of regression function model based on panel data in financial risk management of bank resource allocation University Ideological and Political Learning Model Based on Statistical Memory Curve Mathematical Equation Research on Resonance Properties of Semantic Wave Fractal Fractals Based on Quantitative Analysis of English Corpus Research on urban landscape big data information processing system based on ordinary differential equations Modeling of fractional differential equation in cloud computing image fusion algorithm Conventional Algorithms in Sports Training Based on Fractional Differential Equations Dynamic Nonlinear System Based on Complex System Theory in the Development of Vocational Education The Algorithm Accuracy of Mathematical Model to Improve the Transmission Speed of E-commerce Platform The Security of Database Network Model Based on Fractional Differential Equations Electric Vehicle Mechanical Transmission System Based on Fractional Differential Equations The Practice System of Physics and Electronics Courses in Higher Vocational Colleges Based on Fractional Differential Equations The Economic Model of Rural Supply and Demand Under the Data Analysis Function Based on Ordered Probit 3D Modeling System of Indoor Environment Art Landscape Design under Statistical Equation Electronic Information Security Model of Nonlinear Differential Equations The Optimization Model of College Students' Physical Exercise Motivation and Self-control Ability Based on the Mathematical Model of Probability Theory Health monitoring of Bridges based on multifractal theory Health status diagnosis of the bridges based on multi-fractal de-trend fluctuation analysis Application and risk assessment of the energy performance contracting model in energy conservation of public buildings Sensitivity analysis of design parameters of envelope enclosure performance in the dry-hot and dry-cold areas Criminal law imputation path for biometric information Research on composite dynamic disaster prevention and control system of mine earthquake and shock in thick and hard rock mines Research on urban energy Internet planning based on fuzzy comprehensive method Research on innovative strategies of college students’ English teaching under the background of artificial intelligence Electromagnetic interference prediction technology of new energy motor drive system Research on the intelligent path of college students’ network ideological and political education based on big data mining technology Research on the application of PLC technology in electrical automation engineering Application of matrix multiplication in signal sensor image perception Analysing the variation of metadiscourse verb patterns in English academic papers from within and between disciplines Impact of COVID-19 policy on stock prices of listed property companies Research on the experimental principle of deep integration of LETS software and criminal procedure under the background of artificial intelligence VR-based computer maintenance practical training platform development design and application research Design and implementation of an integrated management system for discipline construction and postgraduate education in universities Research on innovative human capital for China’s economic development based on STI model In-depth analysis of the artistic expression of paper-cut elements in the design of boat space Knowledge graph construction and Internet of Things optimisation for power grid data knowledge extraction Modeling the pathway of breast cancer in the Middle East Construction and intelligent analysis of power grid physical data knowledge graph based on Internet of Things for power system Research on industrial Internet of Things and power grid technology application based on knowledge graph and data asset relationship model Research on the effects of financial literacy on rural household credit constraint Research on educational resource recommendation system based on MRLG Rec Visual analysis of the trend of mental health changes among Chinese college students in the context of the normalisation of the new crown epidemic A study on the phenomenon of anaphoric correction in college students’ English conversation Limit cycles of a generalised Mathieu differential system Influence of displacement ventilation on the distribution of pollutant concentrations in livestock housing Application of data mining in basketball statistics The nonlinear effects of ageing on national savings rate – An Empirical Study based on threshold model Design of fitness walker for the elderly based on ergonomic SAPAD model Research on the innovation of collaborative education model of scientific research and teaching in colleges and universities based on the theory of process reengineering AtanK-A New SVM Kernel for Classification The innovative path of diversified vocal music education reform in colleges and universities under the advanced educational concepts of China and the West Mechanical behaviour of continuous girder bridge with corrugated steel webs constructed by RW Rhino application in ceramic packaging design teaching Study of a linear-physical-programming-based approach for web service selection under uncertain service quality Analysis and countermeasures of cultivating independent learning ability in colleges teaching English based on OBE theory Virtual Museum Scene Design Based on VRAR Realistic Interaction under PMC Artificial Intelligence Model A mathematical model of plasmid-carried antibiotic resistance transmission in two types of cells Projection of Early Warning Identification of Hazardous Sources of Gas Explosion Accidents in Coal Mines Based on NTM Deep Learning Network Research on innovative cultivation mode of English and American literature translation talents based on internet environment Burnout of front-line city administrative law-enforcing personnel in new urban development areas: An empirical research in China Analysis of quantitative management of online intelligent monitoring of tailing ponds based on the perspective of safety prevention and control Optimization of college physical education curriculum based on G-DINA Optimization of local ethnic music teaching transmission path based on logistic regression model RETRACTION NOTE Research on the mining of ideological and political knowledge elements in college courses based on the combination of LDA model and Apriori algorithm Research on non-linear visual matching model under inherent constraints of images Good congruences on weakly U-abundant semigroups Can policy coordination facilitate unimpeded trade? An empirical study on factors influencing smooth trade along the Belt and Road Research on the processing method of multi-source heterogeneous data in the intelligent agriculture cloud platform Internal control index and enterprise growth: An empirical study of Chinese listed-companies in the automobile manufacturing industry Research on design of customer portrait system for E-commerce Research on rule extraction method based on concept lattice of intuitionistic fuzzy language Fed-UserPro: A user profile construction method based on federated learning Design and evaluation of intelligent teaching system on basic movements in PE Research on identifying psychological health problems of college students by logistic regression model based on data mining Research on evaluation system of cross-border E-commerce platform based on the combined model A mathematical model of PCNN for image fusion with non-sampled contourlet transform Financial customer classification by combined model Influence of displacement ventilation on the distribution of pollutant concentrations in livestock housing Retraction: Wei, Wei and Lu, Liu. “The influence of X fuzzy mathematics method in basketball tactics scoring” Applied Mathematics and Nonlinear Sciences, vol.7, no.1, 2022, pp.677-684 Retraction Retraction: Retraction of: Mundewadi, R. A. and S, Kumbinarasaiah. “Numerical Solution of Abel's Integral Equations using Hermite Wavelet” Applied Mathematics and Nonlinear Sciences, vol.4, no.2, 2019, pp.395-406