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Research of cascade averaging control in hydraulic equilibrium regulation of heating pipe network

Chunlei Liu
Chunlei Liu
, 
Peiqi Wang
Peiqi Wang
, 
Zhijun Yang
Zhijun Yang
, 
Lijiao Guo
Lijiao Guo
, 
Tian Gao
Tian Gao
, 
Chen Wang
Chen Wang
 y 
Yong Sun
Yong Sun
   | 19 oct 2021
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Publicado en línea: 19 oct 2021
Páginas: 685 - 702
Recibido: 26 abr 2021
Aceptado: 23 jul 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/amns.2021.2.00037
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© 2021 Chunlei Liu et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Fig. 1

Diagram of heating system structure.
Diagram of heating system structure.

Fig. 2

System structure chart.
System structure chart.

Fig. 3

Unit branch cascade control system.
Unit branch cascade control system.

Fig. 4

Control system's principle diagram.
Control system's principle diagram.

Fig. 5

PLC controller's hardware configuration drawing.
PLC controller's hardware configuration drawing.

Fig. 6

Program design flow chart.
Program design flow chart.

Fig. 7

System operation flow chart.
System operation flow chart.

Fig. 8

Community network laying drawing.
Community network laying drawing.

Fig. 9

SCADA system's human-machine exchange interface. SCADA, supervisory control and data acquisition.
SCADA system's human-machine exchange interface. SCADA, supervisory control and data acquisition.

Fig. 10

Pre-regulation and post-regulation data curves.
Pre-regulation and post-regulation data curves.

Fig. 11

Return water temperature change curve.
Return water temperature change curve.

Fig. 12

Comparison of return water temperature control effect in typical units.
Comparison of return water temperature control effect in typical units.

Statistics of building condition in the community.

SN Building No. Unit qty. Floor qty. Construction area (m2) Heating supply area (m2)
1 #1 3 18 23086.5 7632.46
2 #2 2 18 9781 2337.86
3 #3 2 18 15309.36 5181.87
4 #4 2 18 16465.4 4188.8
5 #5 2 12 10113.6 4194.52
6 #6 2 18 16465.4 7502.58
7 #7 2 18 9558.21 4501.11
8 #8 2 11 9279.6 4254.63
9 #9 2 16 8431.84 3394.79

Comparison of performance indexes of control system.

Working condition Unit No. tr. Controller (sing time)/s δ. (ershoot)/% t. (mp. fluctuation range)/°C

Valve opening and supply and return water temperature at heat inlet of each unit before regulationy.

Heat inlet (lower zone) Valve opening (%) Supply/return water temp. (°C) Heat inlet (higher zone) Valve opening (%) Supply/return water temp. (°C)
Unit 1 Building 1 97 35.8/32.6 Unit 1 Building 1 97 37.2/31.2
Unit 2 Building 1 97 35.5/31.5 Unit 2 Building 1 97 35.2/33.6
Unit 3 Building 1 97 35.5/33.7 Unit 3 Building 1 97 37.6/35.6
Unit 1 Building 2 62 37.2/34.4 Unit 1 Building 2 65 36.8/34.6
Unit 2 Building 2 57 36.2/34.4 Unit 2 Building 2 97 37.4/34.8
Unit 1 Building 3 13 37.4/35.3 Unit 1 Building 3 31 37.1/34.7
Unit 2 Building 3 32 37.5/35.1 Unit 2 Building 3 31 37.4/34.1
Unit 1 Building 4 22 37.6/35.5 Unit 1 Building 4 27 36.4/34.8
Unit 2 Building 4 22 37.6/36.1 Unit 2 Building 4 20 36.4/34.2
Unit 1 Building 5 34 38.8/36.1 Unit 1 Building 6 52 37.1/35.5
Unit 2 Building 5 55 38.5/34.7 Unit 2 Building 6 47 37.1/34.6
Unit 1 Building 6 43 39.1/36.3 Unit 1 Building 7 60 37.2/35.3
Unit 2 Building 6 37 39.1/36.1 Unit 2 Building 7 16 37.4/35.2
Unit 1 Building 7 45 38.3/35.7 Unit 1 Building 9 76 37.4/34.7
Unit 2 Building 7 56 38.5/34.6 Unit 2 Building 9 60 37.9/32.5
Unit 1 Building 8 22 38/32
Unit 2 Building 8 22 37.3/33.5
Unit 1 Building 9 32 38.2/31.8
Unit 2 Building 9 55 38.4/35.5

Controller parameters.

Unit No. Controller Parameters
Higher zone, Unit 2, Building 1 Primary loopMinor loop δ = 19.2, I = 22.65 minδ = 29
Lower zone, Unit 1, Building 6 Primary loopMinor loop δ = 19.8, I = 21.64 minδ = 29.8
Lower zone, Unit 2, Building 9 Primary loopMinor loop δ = 20.4, I = 19.8 minδ = 30.1

Post-regulation valve opening and return water temperature at heat inlet of each unit.

Heat inlet (lower zone) Valve opening (%) Return water temp. (°C) Heat inlet (higher zone) Valve opening (%) Return water temp. (°C)
Unit 1 Building 1 62 35.81 Unit 1 Building 1 95 35.82
Unit 2 Building 1 56 36.14 Unit 2 Building 1 86 35.36
Unit 3 Building 1 54 35.74 Unit 3 Building 1 89 36.26
Unit 1 Building 2 31 35.95 Unit 1 Building 2 24.8 35.76
Unit 2 Building 2 22 36.36 Unit 2 Building 2 24 35.65
Unit 1 Building 3 20.6 35.55 Unit 1 Building 3 26 35.67
Unit 2 Building 3 24 35.85 Unit 2 Building 3 28 35.66
Unit 1 Building 4 12.6 36.12 Unit 1 Building 4 20.8 36
Unit 2 Building 4 18 35.62 Unit 2 Building 4 19 35.51
Unit 1 Building 5 24.8 35.73 Unit 1 Building 6 24 35.92
Unit 2 Building 5 26 35.84 Unit 2 Building 6 18 35.44
Unit 1 Building 6 14 36 Unit 1 Building 7 22 35.75
Unit 2 Building 6 14 36.56 Unit 2 Building 7 22 35.6
Unit 1 Building 7 28 36.1 Unit 1 Building 9 12 36.1
Unit 2 Building 7 38 35.86 Unit 2 Building 9 16 36.22
Unit 1 Building 8 33 35.56
Unit 2 Building 8 22 35.82
Unit 1 Building 9 16 35.78
Unit 2 Building 9 26 35.59

I/O point address assignment.

Input Output
I0.0 System On Q0.0 Automatic operation indicator
I0.1 System Off Q0.1 Comprehensive alarm indicator
I0.2 Manu/Auto switchover Q0.2 Out-of-control valve in unit #1 higher zone
I0.3 Emergency cut-off Q0.3 Out-of-control valve in unit #1 lower zone
AIW16 Return water temperature in unit #1 higher zone Q0.4 Out-of-control valve in unit #2 higher zone
AIW18 Return water temperature in unit #1 lower zone Q0.5 Out-of-control valve in unit #2 lower zone
AIW20 Return water temperature in unit #2 higher zone Q0.6 Return water temperature alarm in unit #1
AIW22 Return water temperature in unit #2 lower zone Q0.7 Return water temperature alarm in unit #2
AIW24 Supply water pressure in unit #1 higher zone Q1.0 Supply and return pressure difference alarm in unit #1
AIW26 Return water pressure in unit #1 higher zone Q1.1 Supply and return pressure difference alarm in unit #2
AIW28 Supply water pressure in unit #1 lower zone AQW48 #1 Higher valve opening instruction
AIW30 Return water pressure in unit #1 lower zone AQW50 #1 Lower valve opening instruction
AIW32 Supply water pressure in unit #2 higher zone AQW52 #2 Higher valve opening instruction
AIW34 Return water pressure in unit #2 higher zone AQW54 #2 Lower valve opening instruction
AIW36 Supply water pressure in unit #2 lower zone
AIW38 Return water pressure in unit #2 lower zone
AIW40 Valve feedback in unit #1 higher zone
AIW42 Valve feedback in unit #1 lower zone
AIW44 Valve feedback in unit #2 higher zone
AIW46 Valve feedback in unit #2 lower zone
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