Determination of taurine in soft drinks by an ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method

[1] Ahmad W, Yusuf M, Ahmad A, Hassan YA, Amir M, Wahab S. Development and validation of ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) method for the quantitative estimation of caffeine in non-alcoholic soft and energy drinks. J AOAC Int. 2022;105:1146–1152. https://doi.org/10.1093/jaoacint/qsac016 AhmadW YusufM AhmadA HassanYA AmirM WahabS Development and validation of ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) method for the quantitative estimation of caffeine in non-alcoholic soft and energy drinks J AOAC Int. 2022 105 1146 1152 https://doi.org/10.1093/jaoacint/qsac016 Search in Google Scholar

[2] Balshaw TG, Bampouras TM, Barry TJ, Sparks SA. (2013). The effect of acute taurine ingestion on 3-km running performance in trained middle-distance runners. Amino Acids. 2013;44:555–561. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00726-012-1372-1 BalshawTG BampourasTM BarryTJ SparksSA (2013) The effect of acute taurine ingestion on 3-km running performance in trained middle-distance runners Amino Acids. 2013 44 555 561 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00726-012-1372-1 Search in Google Scholar

[3] Battaglia A, Bertoluzza A, Calbucci F, Eusebi V, Giorgianni P, Ricci R, Tosi R, Tugnoli V. (1999). High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of physiological amino acids in human brain tumors by pre-column derivatization with phenylisothiocyanate. J Chromatogr B. 1999;730:81–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4347(99)00188-7 BattagliaA BertoluzzaA CalbucciF EusebiV GiorgianniP RicciR TosiR TugnoliV (1999) High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of physiological amino acids in human brain tumors by pre-column derivatization with phenylisothiocyanate J Chromatogr B. 1999 730 81 93 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4347(99)00188-7 Search in Google Scholar

[4] Bundesinstitut für Risikobewertung: New Human Data on the Assessment of Energy Drinks. Federal Institute for Risk Assessment. (https://www.bfr.bund.de/cm/349/new_human_data_on_the_assessment_of_energy_drinks.pdf). 2008. Accessed May 10, 2023. Bundesinstitut für Risikobewertung: New Human Data on the Assessment of Energy Drinks Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (https://www.bfr.bund.de/cm/349/new_human_data_on_the_assessment_of_energy_drinks.pdf). 2008. Accessed May 10, 2023. Search in Google Scholar

[5] Bongiovanni T, Genovesi F, Nemmer M, Carling C, Alberti G, Howatson G. Nutritional interventions for reducing the signs and symptoms of exercise-induced muscle damage and accelerate recovery in athletes: Current knowledge, practical application and future perspectives. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2020;120:1965–1996. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-020-04432-3 BongiovanniT GenovesiF NemmerM CarlingC AlbertiG HowatsonG Nutritional interventions for reducing the signs and symptoms of exercise-induced muscle damage and accelerate recovery in athletes: Current knowledge, practical application and future perspectives Eur J Appl Physiol. 2020 120 1965 1996 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-020-04432-3 Search in Google Scholar

[6] Brosnan JT, Brosnan ME. The sulfur-containing amino acids: An overview. J Nutr 2006;136:1636S–1640S. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/136.6.1636S BrosnanJT BrosnanME The sulfur-containing amino acids: An overview J Nutr 2006 136 1636S 1640S https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/136.6.1636S Search in Google Scholar

[7] Buxton C, Hagan JE. A survey of energy drinks consumption practices among student-athletes in Ghana: Lessons for developing health education intervention programmes. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2012;9:9. https://doi.org/10.1186/1550-2783-9-9 BuxtonC HaganJE A survey of energy drinks consumption practices among student-athletes in Ghana: Lessons for developing health education intervention programmes J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2012 9 9 https://doi.org/10.1186/1550-2783-9-9 Search in Google Scholar

[8] Carvalho MBD, Brandao CFC, Fassini PG, Bianco TM, Batitucci G, Galan BSM, De Carvalho FG, Vieira TS, Ferriolli E, Marchini JS, Silva ASRD, De Freitas EC. Taurine supplementation increases post-exercise lipid oxidation at moderate intensity in fasted healthy males. Nutrients. 2020;12:1540. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12051540 CarvalhoMBD BrandaoCFC FassiniPG BiancoTM BatitucciG GalanBSM De CarvalhoFG VieiraTS FerriolliE MarchiniJS SilvaASRD De FreitasEC Taurine supplementation increases post-exercise lipid oxidation at moderate intensity in fasted healthy males Nutrients. 2020 12 1540 https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12051540 Search in Google Scholar

[9] Catharino RR, Haddad R, Godoy HT, Eberlin MN, Santos LS. (2011). Fast analysis of taurine in energetic drinks by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. J Braz Chem Soc. 2011;22:801–806. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-50532011000400026 CatharinoRR HaddadR GodoyHT EberlinMN SantosLS (2011) Fast analysis of taurine in energetic drinks by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry J Braz Chem Soc. 2011 22 801 806 https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-50532011000400026 Search in Google Scholar

[10] Draganov BG, Pencheva IP, Todorova KA. (2014). UV-spectrophotometry determination of taurine in energy drink mixtures. International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences. 2014;3:123–126. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20140302.26 DraganovBG PenchevaIP TodorovaKA (2014) UV-spectrophotometry determination of taurine in energy drink mixtures International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences 2014 3 123 126 https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20140302.26 Search in Google Scholar

[11] The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). The use of taurine and D-glucurono-gamma-lactone as constituents of the so-called “energy” drinks. EFSA Journal. 2009;935:1–31. (https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2009.935). Accessed April 20, 2023 The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) The use of taurine and D-glucurono-gamma-lactone as constituents of the so-called “energy” drinks EFSA Journal. 2009 935 1 31 (https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2009.935). Accessed April 20, 2023 Search in Google Scholar

[12] El Agouza IM, Eissa SS, El Houseini MM, El-Nashar DE, Abd El Hameed OM. (2011). Taurine: A novel tumor marker for enhanced detection of breast cancer among female patients. Angiogenesis. 2011;14:321–330. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10456-011-9215-3 El AgouzaIM EissaSS El HouseiniMM El-NasharDE Abd El HameedOM (2011) Taurine: A novel tumor marker for enhanced detection of breast cancer among female patients Angiogenesis. 2011 14 321 330 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10456-011-9215-3 Search in Google Scholar

[13] Gamagedara S, Shi H, Ma Y. Quantitative determination of taurine and related biomarkers in urine by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem. 2012;402:763–770. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-011-5491-4 GamagedaraS ShiH MaY Quantitative determination of taurine and related biomarkers in urine by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry Anal Bioanal Chem. 2012 402 763 770 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-011-5491-4 Search in Google Scholar

[14] Gunja N, Brown JA. (2012). Energy drinks: Health risks and toxicity. Med J Aust. 2012;196:46–49. https://doi.org/10.5694/mja11.10838 GunjaN BrownJA (2012) Energy drinks: Health risks and toxicity Med J Aust. 2012 196 46 49 https://doi.org/10.5694/mja11.10838 Search in Google Scholar

[15] Hansen SH. Quantitative and Qualitative Chromatographic Analysis. In: Hansen SH, Pedersen-Bjergaard S. (Eds.), Bioanalysis of Pharmaceuticals. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons; 2015 https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118716830.ch5 HansenSH Quantitative and Qualitative Chromatographic Analysis In: HansenSH Pedersen-BjergaardS. (Eds.), Bioanalysis of Pharmaceuticals Chichester John Wiley & Sons 2015 https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118716830.ch5 Search in Google Scholar

[16] Ibrahim MA, Eraqi MM, Alfaiz FA. Therapeutic role of taurine as antioxidant in reducing hypertension risks in rats. Heliyon. 2020;6:e03209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03209 IbrahimMA EraqiMM AlfaizFA Therapeutic role of taurine as antioxidant in reducing hypertension risks in rats Heliyon. 2020 6 e03209 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03209 Search in Google Scholar

[17] International Conference on Harmonisation (ICH) of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use. Topic Q2 (R1): Validation of Analytical Procedures: Text and Methodology. (www.ich.org). 2005. Accessed April 28, 2023. International Conference on Harmonisation (ICH) of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use. Topic Q2 (R1): Validation of Analytical Procedures: Text and Methodology (www.ich.org). 2005. Accessed April 28, 2023. Search in Google Scholar

[18] Laidlaw S, Grosvenor M, Kopple J. (1990). The taurine content of common foodstuffs. J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 1990;14:183–188. https://doi.org/10.1177/0148607190014002183 LaidlawS GrosvenorM KoppleJ (1990) The taurine content of common foodstuffs J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 1990 14 183 188 https://doi.org/10.1177/0148607190014002183 Search in Google Scholar

[19] Lajin B, Goessler W. Sulfur speciation by HPLC-ICPQQQMS in complex human biological samples: Taurine and sulfate in human serum and urine. Anal Bioanal Chem. 2018;410:6787–6793. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-018-1251-z LajinB GoesslerW Sulfur speciation by HPLC-ICPQQQMS in complex human biological samples: Taurine and sulfate in human serum and urine Anal Bioanal Chem. 2018 410 6787 6793 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-018-1251-z Search in Google Scholar

[20] Lévy S, Santini L, Capucci A, Oto A, Santomauro M, Riganti C, Raviele A, Cappato R. European Cardiac Arrhythmia Society Statement on the cardiovascular events associated with the use or abuse of energy drinks. J Interv Card Electrophysiol. 2019;56:99–115. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10840-019-00610-2 LévyS SantiniL CapucciA OtoA SantomauroM RigantiC RavieleA CappatoR European Cardiac Arrhythmia Society Statement on the cardiovascular events associated with the use or abuse of energy drinks J Interv Card Electrophysiol. 2019 56 99 115 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10840-019-00610-2 Search in Google Scholar

[21] Manzi P, Pizzoferrato L. Taurine in milk and yoghurt marketed in Italy. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2013;64:112–116. https://doi.org/10.3109/09637486.2012.704906 ManziP PizzoferratoL Taurine in milk and yoghurt marketed in Italy Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2013 64 112 116 https://doi.org/10.3109/09637486.2012.704906 Search in Google Scholar

[22] Marchei E, Pellegrini M, Pacifici R, Palmi I, Pichini S. Development and validation of a high-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry assay for methylxanthines and taurine in dietary supplements. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2005;37:499–507. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2004.11.013 MarcheiE PellegriniM PacificiR PalmiI PichiniS Development and validation of a high-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry assay for methylxanthines and taurine in dietary supplements J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2005 37 499 507 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2004.11.013 Search in Google Scholar

[23] Murakami S. Role of taurine in the pathogenesis of obesity. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2015;59:1353–1363. https://doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.201500067 MurakamiS Role of taurine in the pathogenesis of obesity Mol Nutr Food Res. 2015 59 1353 1363 https://doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.201500067 Search in Google Scholar

[24] Oddy WH, O’Sullivan TA. Energy drinks for children and adolescents. BMJ. 2009;339: b5268–b5268. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.b5268 OddyWH O’SullivanTA Energy drinks for children and adolescents BMJ. 2009 339 b5268 b5268 https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.b5268 Search in Google Scholar

[25] Omar MMA, Elbashir AA, Schmitz OJ. Capillary electrophoresis method with UV-detection for analysis of free amino acids concentrations in food. Food Chem. 2017;214:300–307. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.07.060 OmarMMA ElbashirAA SchmitzOJ Capillary electrophoresis method with UV-detection for analysis of free amino acids concentrations in food Food Chem. 2017 214 300 307 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.07.060 Search in Google Scholar

[26] Omer M, Omar M, Thiel A, Elbashir A. High performance liquid chromatographic methods for analysis of taurine in energy drinks after pre-column derivatization. Eurasian J Anal Chem. 2018;13:em40. https://doi.org/10.29333/ejac/93422 OmerM OmarM ThielA ElbashirA High performance liquid chromatographic methods for analysis of taurine in energy drinks after pre-column derivatization Eurasian J Anal Chem. 2018 13 em40 https://doi.org/10.29333/ejac/93422 Search in Google Scholar

[27] Orth DL. HPLC determination of taurine in sports drinks. J Chem Educ. 2001;78:791. https://doi.org/10.1021/ed078p791 OrthDL HPLC determination of taurine in sports drinks J Chem Educ. 2001 78 791 https://doi.org/10.1021/ed078p791 Search in Google Scholar

[28] Piestansky J, Galba J, Olesova D, Kovacech B, Kovac A. Determination of immunogenic proteins in biopharmaceuticals by UHPLC–MS amino acid analysis. BMC Chemistry. 2019;13:64. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13065-019-0581-z PiestanskyJ GalbaJ OlesovaD KovacechB KovacA Determination of immunogenic proteins in biopharmaceuticals by UHPLC–MS amino acid analysis BMC Chemistry. 2019 13 64 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13065-019-0581-z Search in Google Scholar

[29] Qaradakhi T, Gadanec LK, McSweeney KR, Abraham JR, Apostolopoulos V, Zulli A. The Anti-inflammatory effect of taurine on cardiovascular disease. Nutrients. 2020;12:2847. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12092847 QaradakhiT GadanecLK McSweeneyKR AbrahamJR ApostolopoulosV ZulliA The Anti-inflammatory effect of taurine on cardiovascular disease Nutrients. 2020 12 2847 https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12092847 Search in Google Scholar

[30] Rai KP, Rai HB, Dahal S, Chaudhary S, Shrestha S. Determination of Caffeine and Taurine Contents in Energy Drinks by HPLC-UV. JFSTN. 2016;9:66–73. https://doi.org/10.3126/jfstn.v9i0.16199 RaiKP RaiHB DahalS ChaudharyS ShresthaS Determination of Caffeine and Taurine Contents in Energy Drinks by HPLC-UV JFSTN. 2016 9 66 73 https://doi.org/10.3126/jfstn.v9i0.16199 Search in Google Scholar

[31] Reissig CJ, Strain EC, Griffiths RR. Caffeinated energy drinks—A growing problem. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2009;99:1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2008.08.001 ReissigCJ StrainEC GriffithsRR Caffeinated energy drinks—A growing problem Drug Alcohol Depend. 2009 99 1 10 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2008.08.001 Search in Google Scholar

[32] Ricciutelli M, Caprioli G, Cortese M, Lombardozzi A, Strano M, Vittori S, Sagratini G. Simultaneous determination of taurine, glucuronolactone and glucuronic acid in energy drinks by ultra high performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (triple quadrupole). J Chromatogr A. 2014;1364: 303–307. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2014.08.083 RicciutelliM CaprioliG CorteseM LombardozziA StranoM VittoriS SagratiniG Simultaneous determination of taurine, glucuronolactone and glucuronic acid in energy drinks by ultra high performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (triple quadrupole) J Chromatogr A. 2014 1364 303 307 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2014.08.083 Search in Google Scholar

[33] Sawabe Y, Tagami T, Yamasaki, K. Determination of taurine in energy drinks by HPLC using a pre-column derivative. J Health Sci. 2008;54:661–664. https://doi.org/10.1248/jhs.54.661 SawabeY TagamiT YamasakiK Determination of taurine in energy drinks by HPLC using a pre-column derivative J Health Sci. 2008 54 661 664 https://doi.org/10.1248/jhs.54.661 Search in Google Scholar

[34] Seidel U, Huebbe P, Rimbach G. Taurine: A regulator of cellular redox homeostasis and skeletal muscle function. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2019;63:1800569. https://doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.201800569 SeidelU HuebbeP RimbachG Taurine: A regulator of cellular redox homeostasis and skeletal muscle function Mol Nutr Food Res. 2019 63 1800569 https://doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.201800569 Search in Google Scholar

[35] Smith A, Watson CJ, Frantz KJ, Eppler B, Kennedy RT, Peris J. Differential increase in taurine levels by low-dose ethanol in the dorsal and ventral striatum revealed by microdialysis with on-line capillary electrophoresis. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2004;28:1028–1038. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.ALC.0000131979.78003.34 SmithA WatsonCJ FrantzKJ EpplerB KennedyRT PerisJ Differential increase in taurine levels by low-dose ethanol in the dorsal and ventral striatum revealed by microdialysis with on-line capillary electrophoresis Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2004 28 1028 1038 https://doi.org/10.1097/01.ALC.0000131979.78003.34 Search in Google Scholar

[36] Surai PF, Earle-Payne K, Kidd MT. (2021). Taurine as a natural antioxidant: From direct antioxidant effects to protective action in various toxicological models. Antioxidants 2021;10:1876. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10121876 SuraiPF Earle-PayneK KiddMT (2021) Taurine as a natural antioxidant: From direct antioxidant effects to protective action in various toxicological models Antioxidants 2021 10 1876 https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10121876 Search in Google Scholar

[37] Todorova KA. Analytical approaches and methods in quality control procedures of energy food drinks containing caffeine and taurine. International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences. 2015;4:1. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.s.2015040101.11 TodorovaKA Analytical approaches and methods in quality control procedures of energy food drinks containing caffeine and taurine International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences. 2015 4 1 https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.s.2015040101.11 Search in Google Scholar

[38] Tu S, Zhang X, Wan H, Xia Y, Liu Z, Yang X, Wan, F. Effect of taurine on cell proliferation and apoptosis human lung cancer A549 cells. Oncol Lett. 2018;15:5473–5480. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2018.8036 TuS ZhangX WanH XiaY LiuZ YangX WanF Effect of taurine on cell proliferation and apoptosis human lung cancer A549 cells Oncol Lett. 2018 15 5473 5480 https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2018.8036 Search in Google Scholar

[39] Vochyánová B, Opekar F, Tůma P. Simultaneous and rapid determination of caffeine and taurine in energy drinks by MEKC in a short capillary with dual contactless conductivity/photometry detection: CE and CEC. Electrophoresis. 2014;35:1660–1665. https://doi.org/10.1002/elps.201300480 VochyánováB OpekarF TůmaP Simultaneous and rapid determination of caffeine and taurine in energy drinks by MEKC in a short capillary with dual contactless conductivity/photometry detection: CE and CEC Electrophoresis. 2014 35 1660 1665 https://doi.org/10.1002/elps.201300480 Search in Google Scholar

[40] Waldron M, Patterson SD, Tallent J, Jeffries O. The effects of an oral taurine dose and supplementation period on endurance exercise performance in humans: A meta-analysis. Sports Med. 2018;48:1247–1253. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-018-0896-2 WaldronM PattersonSD TallentJ JeffriesO The effects of an oral taurine dose and supplementation period on endurance exercise performance in humans: A meta-analysis Sports Med. 2018 48 1247 1253 https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-018-0896-2 Search in Google Scholar

[41] Wen C, Li F, Zhang L, Duan Y, Guo Q, Wang W, He S, Li J, Yin Y. (2019). Taurine is involved in energy metabolism in muscles, adipose tissue, and the liver. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2019;63: 1800536. https://doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.201800536 WenC LiF ZhangL DuanY GuoQ WangW HeS LiJ YinY (2019) Taurine is involved in energy metabolism in muscles, adipose tissue, and the liver Mol Nutr Food Res. 2019 63 1800536 https://doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.201800536 Search in Google Scholar

[42] Wu G. Important roles of dietary taurine, creatine, carnosine, anserine and 4-hydroxyproline in human nutrition and health. Amino Acids. 2020;52:329–360. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00726-020-02823-6 WuG Important roles of dietary taurine, creatine, carnosine, anserine and 4-hydroxyproline in human nutrition and health Amino Acids. 2020 52 329 360 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00726-020-02823-6 Search in Google Scholar

[43] Yan H, Qiao F, Tian M, Row, KH. Application of 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene pre-column derivatization to quantitative determination of taurine and its intermediate in beverages and milk samples. J Liq Chromatogr Relat Technol. 2012;36:35–43. https://doi.org/10.1080/10826076.2011.644050 YanH QiaoF TianM RowKH Application of 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene pre-column derivatization to quantitative determination of taurine and its intermediate in beverages and milk samples J Liq Chromatogr Relat Technol. 2012 36 35 43 https://doi.org/10.1080/10826076.2011.644050 Search in Google Scholar

[44] Zámbó L, Bakacs M, Illés É, Varga A, Sarkadi Nagy E, Zentai A, Feigl E, Biró K. (2020). Impact assessment of the public health product tax in Hungary. Eur J Public Health, 2020;30(Supplement_5):ckaa166.1231. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckaa166.1231 ZámbóL BakacsM IllésÉ VargaA Sarkadi NagyE ZentaiA FeiglE BiróK (2020) Impact assessment of the public health product tax in Hungary Eur J Public Health 2020 30 Supplement_5 ckaa166.1231. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckaa166.1231 Search in Google Scholar

[45] Zhang X, Tu S, Wang Y, Xu B, Wan F. Mechanism of taurine-induced apoptosis in human colon cancer cells. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin. 2014;46:261–272. https://doi.org/10.1093/abbs/gmu004 ZhangX TuS WangY XuB WanF Mechanism of taurine-induced apoptosis in human colon cancer cells Acta Biochim Biophys Sin. 2014 46 261 272 https://doi.org/10.1093/abbs/gmu004 Search in Google Scholar

[46] Ziegler F, Le Boucher J, Coudray-Lucas C, Cynober L. Plasma amino-acid determinations by reversed-phase HPLC: Improvement of the orthophthalaldehyde method and comparison with ion exchange chromatography. J Anal Methods Chem. 1992;14:145–149. https://doi.org/10.1155/S1463924692000270 ZieglerF Le BoucherJ Coudray-LucasC CynoberL Plasma amino-acid determinations by reversed-phase HPLC: Improvement of the orthophthalaldehyde method and comparison with ion exchange chromatography J Anal Methods Chem. 1992 14 145 149 https://doi.org/10.1155/S1463924692000270 Search in Google Scholar