This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Blasch, B., & De l’Aune, W. (1992). A computer profile of mobility coverage and a safety index. Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness, 86, 249-254.BlaschB., & De l’AuneW. (1992). A computer profile of mobility coverage and a safety index. , 86, 249-254.10.1177/0145482X9208600607Search in Google Scholar
Blasch, B. B., & Stuckey, K. A. (1995). Accessibility and mobility of persons who are visually impaired: A historical analyses. Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness, 89(5), 417-422.BlaschB. B., & StuckeyK. A. (1995). Accessibility and mobility of persons who are visually impaired: A historical analyses. , 89(5), 417-422.10.1177/0145482X9508900506Search in Google Scholar
Bongers, R. M., Schellingerhout, R., van Grinsven, R., & Smithsman, A. W. (2002). Variables in the touch technique that influence the safety of cane walkers. Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness, 96, 516-531.BongersR. M.SchellingerhoutR.van GrinsvenR., & SmithsmanA. W. (2002). Variables in the touch technique that influence the safety of cane walkers. , 96, 516-531.10.1177/0145482X0209600704Search in Google Scholar
Briggs, S. R., & Cheek, J. M. (1986). The role of factor analysis in the development and evaluation of personality scales. Journal of Personality, 54, 106-148.BriggsS. R., & CheekJ. M. (1986). The role of factor analysis in the development and evaluation of personality scales. , 54, 106-148.10.1111/j.1467-6494.1986.tb00391.xSearch in Google Scholar
Brooks, A. (1991). The value of long cane training prior to undertaking guide dog training. Proceedings of the 6th International Mobility Conference, Madrid, Spain, 365-368.BrooksA. (1991). . Proceedings of the 6th International Mobility Conference, Madrid, Spain, 365-368.Search in Google Scholar
Clark-Carter, D. D., Heyes, A. D., & Howarth, C. I. (1986). The efficiency and walking speed of visually impaired people. Ergonomics, 29(6), 779-789.Clark-CarterD. D.HeyesA. D., & HowarthC. I. (1986). The efficiency and walking speed of visually impaired people. , 29(6), 779-789.10.1080/001401386089683143743536Search in Google Scholar
Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum Associates.CohenJ. (1988). . Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum Associates.Search in Google Scholar
Delafield, G. (1974). The effects of guide dog training on some aspects of adjustment in blind people. Doctoral dissertation, University of Nottingham, England.DelafieldG. (1974). . Doctoral dissertation, University of Nottingham, England.Search in Google Scholar
Deshen, S., & Deshen, H. (1989). On social aspects of the usage of guide-dogs and long canes. Sociological Review, 37, 89-103.DeshenS., & DeshenH. (1989). On social aspects of the usage of guide-dogs and long canes. , 37, 89-103.10.1111/j.1467-954X.1989.tb00022.xSearch in Google Scholar
Dodds, A. G., Carter, D. D., & Howarth, C. I. (1983). Improving objective measures of mobility. Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness, 77, 438-442.DoddsA. G.CarterD. D., & HowarthC. I. (1983). Improving objective measures of mobility. , 77, 438-442.10.1177/0145482X8307700904Search in Google Scholar
Dodds, A. G., Clark-Carter, D. D., & Howarth, C. I. (1984). The sonic pathfinder: An evaluation. Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness, 78, 203-206.DoddsA. G.Clark-CarterD. D., & HowarthC. I. (1984). The sonic pathfinder: An evaluation. , 78, 203-206.10.1177/0145482X8407800504Search in Google Scholar
Dodds, A. G., Clark-Carter, D., & Howarth, C. I. (1986). The effects of precueing on vibrotactile reaction times: Implications for a guidance device for blind people. Ergonomics, 29, 1063-1071.DoddsA. G.Clark-CarterD., & HowarthC. I. (1986). The effects of precueing on vibrotactile reaction times: Implications for a guidance device for blind people. , 29, 1063-1071.10.1080/001401386089672233769891Search in Google Scholar
Edwards, R. T. (2002). “Forward!” The experience of a new guide dog owner. British Medical Journal, 325(7356), 171.EdwardsR. T. (2002). “Forward!” The experience of a new guide dog owner. , 325(7356), 171.10.1136/bmj.325.7356.171Search in Google Scholar
Farmer, L., & Smith, D. (1997). Adaptive technology. In B. Blasch, W. Wiener, and R. Welsh (Eds.), Foundations of orientation and mobility, 2nd Edition (pp. 231-259). New York: American Foundation for the Blind.FarmerL., & SmithD. (1997). Adaptive technology. In B.BlaschW.Wiener, and R.Welsh (Eds.), , 2nd Edition (pp. 231-259). New York: American Foundation for the Blind.Search in Google Scholar
Geruschat, D., & De l’Aune, W. (1989). Reliability and validity of O&M instructors’ observations. Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness, 83, 457-460.GeruschatD., & De l’AuneW. (1989). Reliability and validity of O&M instructors’ observations. , 83, 457-460.10.1177/0145482X8908300909Search in Google Scholar
Gitlin, L. N., Mount, J., Lucas, W., Weirich, L. C., & Gramberg, L. (1997). The physical costs and psychosocial benefits of travel aids for persons who are visually impaired or blind. Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness, 91(4), 347-359.GitlinL. N.MountJ.LucasW.WeirichL. C., & GrambergL. (1997). The physical costs and psychosocial benefits of travel aids for persons who are visually impaired or blind. , 91(4), 347-359.10.1177/0145482X9709100404Search in Google Scholar
Guth, D., Hill, E., & Reiser, J. (1989). Tests of blind pedestrians’ use of traffic sounds for street-crossing alignment. Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness, 83, 461-468.GuthD.HillE., & ReiserJ. (1989). Tests of blind pedestrians’ use of traffic sounds for street-crossing alignment. , 83, 461-468.10.1177/0145482X8908300910Search in Google Scholar
Harder, A., & Michael, R. (2002). The target-route map: Evaluating its usability for visually impaired persons. Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness, 96, 711-723.HarderA., & MichaelR. (2002). The target-route map: Evaluating its usability for visually impaired persons. , 96, 711-723.10.1177/0145482X0209601003Search in Google Scholar
Heyes, A. D. (1984). The sonic pathfinder: A new electronic travel aid. Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness, 78, 200-202.HeyesA. D. (1984). The sonic pathfinder: A new electronic travel aid. , 78, 200-202.10.1177/0145482X8407800503Search in Google Scholar
Ireson, P. (1991). Another pair of eyes: The story of guide dogs in Britain. London: Pelham.IresonP. (1991). . London: Pelham.Search in Google Scholar
Jackson, A. J., Murphy, P. J., Dusoir, T., Dusoir, H., Murdock, A., & Morrison, E. (1994). Ophthalmic, health and social profile of guide dog owners in Northern Ireland. Ophthalmic & Physiological Optics, 14, 371-377.JacksonA. J.MurphyP. J.DusoirT.DusoirH.MurdockA., & MorrisonE. (1994). Ophthalmic, health and social profile of guide dog owners in Northern Ireland. , 14, 371-377.10.1111/j.1475-1313.1994.tb00127.xSearch in Google Scholar
Kirchner, C. E., Gerber, E. G., & Smith, B. C. (2008). Designed to deter. Community barriers to physical activity for people with visual or motor impairments. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 34(4), 349-352.KirchnerC. E.GerberE. G., & SmithB. C. (2008). Designed to deter. Community barriers to physical activity for people with visual or motor impairments. , 34(4), 349-352.10.1016/j.amepre.2008.01.00518374250Search in Google Scholar
La Grow, S. (1999). The use of the Sonic Pathfinder as a secondary mobility aid for travel in business environments: A single-subject design. Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development, 36, 333-340.La GrowS. (1999). The use of the Sonic Pathfinder as a secondary mobility aid for travel in business environments: A single-subject design. , 36, 333-340.Search in Google Scholar
La Grow, S., Kjeldstad, A., & Lewnadowski, E. (1988). The effect of cane tip design on three aspects of nonvisual travel. Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness, 82, 13-16.La GrowS.KjeldstadA., & LewnadowskiE. (1988). The effect of cane tip design on three aspects of nonvisual travel. , 82, 13-16.10.1177/0145482X8808200106Search in Google Scholar
La Grow, S., Leung, S., & Lyell, M. (1995). Preference for static or revolving cane tips by visually impaired travellers. International Journal of Rehabilitation Research, 18, 82-85.La GrowS.LeungS., & LyellM. (1995). Preference for static or revolving cane tips by visually impaired travellers. , 18, 82-85.10.1097/00004356-199501000-000137797327Search in Google Scholar
La Grow, S., & Weessies, M. (1994). Orientation and mobility: Techniques for independence. Palmerston North, NZ: Dunmore Press.La GrowS., & WeessiesM. (1994). . Palmerston North, NZ: Dunmore Press.Search in Google Scholar
Lambert, R. M. (1990). Some thoughts about acquiring and learning to use a dog guide. RE:view, 22(3), 151-158.LambertR. M. (1990). Some thoughts about acquiring and learning to use a dog guide. , 22(3), 151-158.Search in Google Scholar
Lloyd, J. K. F. (2004). Exploring the match between people and their guide dogs. Doctoral dissertation, Massey University, New Zealand.LloydJ. K. F. (2004). . Doctoral dissertation, Massey University, New Zealand.Search in Google Scholar
Lloyd, J. K. F., Budge, R. C., La Grow, S. J., & Stafford, K. J. (2000). A focus group exploration of guide dog and user partnerships. [CD-ROM]. Proceedings of the 10th International Mobility Conference, Coventry, England, 233-236.LloydJ. K. F.BudgeR. C.La GrowS. J., & StaffordK. J. (2000). . Proceedings of the 10th International Mobility Conference, Coventry, England, 233-236.Search in Google Scholar
Lloyd, J. K. F., La Grow, S. J., Stafford, K. J., & Budge, R. C. (2008). The guide dog as a mobility aid part 2: Perceived changes to travel habits. International Journal of Orientation & Mobility, 1(1), 34-45.LloydJ. K. F.La GrowS. J.StaffordK. J., & BudgeR. C. (2008). The guide dog as a mobility aid part 2: Perceived changes to travel habits. , 1(1), 34-45.Search in Google Scholar
Long, R., Reiser, J., & Hill, E. (1990). Mobility in individuals with moderate visual impairments. Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness, 84, 111-118.LongR.ReiserJ., & HillE. (1990). Mobility in individuals with moderate visual impairments. , 84, 111-118.10.1177/0145482X9008400303Search in Google Scholar
Miner, R. J-T. (2001). The experience of living with and using a dog guide. RE:view, 32(4), 183-190.MinerR. J-T. (2001). The experience of living with and using a dog guide. , 32(4), 183-190.Search in Google Scholar
Milligan, K. (1998). Mobility options for visually impaired persons with diabetes: Considerations for orientation and mobility instructors. Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness, 92(1), 71-79.MilliganK. (1998). Mobility options for visually impaired persons with diabetes: Considerations for orientation and mobility instructors. , 92(1), 71-79.10.1177/0145482X9809200110Search in Google Scholar
Muldoon, C. (2000). Does the presence of a guide dog enhance feelings of social acceptance in guide dog users? [CD-ROM]. Proceedings of the 10th International Mobility Conference, Coventry, England, 258-261.MuldoonC. (2000). . Proceedings of the 10th International Mobility Conference, Coventry, England, 258-261.Search in Google Scholar
McKinley, J., Goldfarb, E., & Goodrich, G. (1994). An evaluation of the Sonic Pathfinder. In G. Clarke and T. Heyes (Eds.), Proceedings of the International Mobility Conference 7 (pp. 17-18). Melbourne, Australia: Royal Guide Dogs Association.McKinleyJ.GoldfarbE., & GoodrichG. (1994). An evaluation of the Sonic Pathfinder. In G.Clarke and T.Heyes (Eds.), (pp. 17-18). Melbourne, Australia: Royal Guide Dogs Association.Search in Google Scholar
Nunnally, J. O. (1978). Psychometric theory. New York: McGraw-Hill.NunnallyJ. O. (1978). . New York: McGraw-Hill.Search in Google Scholar
Purves, P., & Godwin, F. (1981). Tess: The story of a guide dog. London: Gollancz.PurvesP., & GodwinF. (1981). . London: Gollancz.Search in Google Scholar
Refson, K., Jackson, A. J., Dusoir, A. E., & Archer, D. B. (1998). Ophthalmic and visual profile of guide dog owners in Scotland. British Journal of Ophthalmology, 83, 470-477.RefsonK.JacksonA. J.DusoirA. E., & ArcherD. B. (1998). Ophthalmic and visual profile of guide dog owners in Scotland. , 83, 470-477.10.1136/bjo.83.4.470172299310434873Search in Google Scholar
Refson, K., Jackson, A. J., Dusoir, A. E., & Archer, D. B. (1999). The health and social status of guide dog owners and other visually impaired adults in Scotland. Visual Impairment Research, 1, 95-109.RefsonK.JacksonA. J.DusoirA. E., & ArcherD. B. (1999). The health and social status of guide dog owners and other visually impaired adults in Scotland. , 1, 95-109.10.1076/vimr.1.2.95.4411Search in Google Scholar
Refson, K., Jackson, A. J., Plant, C., Parker, E., Dusoir, A. E., & Archer, D. B. (2000). Visual status and mobility of persons with retinitis pigmentosa: Guide dog owners and non-guide dog owners. Optometry in Practice, 1, 43-48.RefsonK.JacksonA. J.PlantC.ParkerE.DusoirA. E., & ArcherD. B. (2000). Visual status and mobility of persons with retinitis pigmentosa: Guide dog owners and non-guide dog owners. , 1, 43-48.Search in Google Scholar
Rimbault, G., & Romero, J. (1994). Possibilities and limits of the guide dog for the blind as an independent way of locomotion. Proceedings of the 7th International Mobility Conference, Melbourne, Australia, 187-189.RimbaultG., & RomeroJ. (1994). . Proceedings of the 7th International Mobility Conference, Melbourne, Australia, 187-189.Search in Google Scholar
Royal New Zealand Foundation for the Blind. (1990). Focus on rehabilitation: A rehabilitation service delivery plan for people with a vision impairment. Auckland, New Zealand: Author.Royal New Zealand Foundation for the Blind. (1990). . Auckland, New Zealand: Author.Search in Google Scholar
Stead, J. L. (1997). Blind see-saw. Hawkes Bay, New Zealand: Spitting Image Copiers.SteadJ. L. (1997). . Hawkes Bay, New Zealand: Spitting Image Copiers.Search in Google Scholar
Steffans, M. C., & Bergler, R. (1998). Blind People and their dogs. In C. C. Wilson & D. C. Turner (Eds.), Companion animals in human health (pp. 149-157). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.SteffansM. C., & BerglerR. (1998). Blind People and their dogs. In C. C.Wilson & D. C.Turner (Eds.), (pp. 149-157). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.10.4135/9781452232959.n9Search in Google Scholar
Tellevik, J. M., Martinsen, H., Sorlilokken, M., & Elmerskog, B. (2000). Development and evaluation of a procedure to assess mobility route learning. Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness, 94, 197-203.TellevikJ. M.MartinsenH.SorlilokkenM., & ElmerskogB. (2000). Development and evaluation of a procedure to assess mobility route learning. , 94, 197-203.10.1177/0145482X0009400402Search in Google Scholar
Uslan, M., & Schreibeman, K. (1980). Drop-off detection in the touch technique. Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness, 74, 179-182.UslanM., & SchreibemanK. (1980). Drop-off detection in the touch technique. , 74, 179-182.10.1177/0145482X8007400503Search in Google Scholar
Wall, R. S., & Ashmead, D. H. (2002a). Biomechanical movements in experienced cane users with and without visual impairments. Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness, 96, 501-515.WallR. S., & AshmeadD. H. (2002a). Biomechanical movements in experienced cane users with and without visual impairments. , 96, 501-515.10.1177/0145482X0209600703Search in Google Scholar
Wall, R. S., & Ashmead, D. H. (2002b). Changes in biomechanical features of the two-point touch techniques as it is learned. Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness, 96, 829-841.WallR. S., & AshmeadD. H. (2002b). Changes in biomechanical features of the two-point touch techniques as it is learned. , 96, 829-841.10.1177/0145482X0209601202Search in Google Scholar
Warnath, C., & Seyfarth, G. J. (1982). Guide dogs: Mobility tool and social bridge to the sighted world. Journal of Rehabilitation, 48(2), 58-61.WarnathC., & SeyfarthG. J. (1982). Guide dogs: Mobility tool and social bridge to the sighted world. , 48(2), 58-61.Search in Google Scholar
Whitstock, R., Franck, L., & Haneline, R. (1997). Dog Guides. In B. Blasch, W. Wiener, and R. Welsh (Eds.), Foundations of orientation and mobility, 2nd Edition (pp. 260-283). New York: American Foundation for the Blind.WhitstockR.FranckL., & HanelineR. (1997). Dog Guides. In B.BlaschW.Wiener, and R.Welsh (Eds.), , 2nd Edition (pp. 260-283). New York: American Foundation for the Blind.Search in Google Scholar
Zee, A. (1983). Guide dogs and their owners: Assistance and friendship. In A. H. Katcher & A. M. Beck (Eds.), New perspectives on our lives with companion animals (pp. 472-483). Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.ZeeA. (1983). Guide dogs and their owners: Assistance and friendship. In A. H.Katcher & A. M.Beck (Eds.), (pp. 472-483). Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.Search in Google Scholar