Compound | Molecular formula | Molar mass, g/mol | Literature |
4-Metylphenol | C32H60N4 | 107.08 | Lee |
Estradiol | C18H24O2 | 272.39 | Lee |
Bisphenol A | C15H1602 | 228.29 | Lee |
Phenol | C6H60 | 94.11 | Lee |
Nonylphenol | C15H24O | 220.36 | Anquandah and Sharma, 2009 [ |
Octylphenol | C14H22O | 206.33 | Anquandah and Sharma, 2009 [ |
α-Ethynylestradiol | C20H24O2 | 296.40 | Li |
Dimethylamino-benzaldehyde (DMAB) | C8H11N | 121.18 | Lee and von Gunten, 2010 [ |
Tetrabromo–bisphenol A | C15H12Br402 | 543.88 | Yang |
EDCs | Effectiveness, % |
Bisfenol A (BPA) | 18-99 |
Testosterone | 30-60 |
17-α-ethynylestradiol (EE2) | 34-60 |
15-β-estradiol (E2) | 8-90 |
Estrone (El) | 10-95 |
EDCs | Removed compound, % removal of EDCs | |||
Reaction time, min. | 1 | 5 | 30 | 180 |
Bisfenol A (BPA) | 99.8 | 99.8 | 99.8 | 99.8 |
Testosterone | 53.0 | 78.9 | 81.4 | 85.7 |
17-α-thynylestradiol (EE2) | 99.0 | 99.0 | 99.0 | 99.0 |
15-β-estradiol (E2) | 98.0 | 98.0 | 98.0 | 98.0 |
Estrone (El) | 99.3 | 99.3 | 99.3 | 99.3 |
Fe(VI):FLU ratio | Percentage removal after 10 min. reaction |
---|---|
Without Fe(VI) | 0% |
5:1 | 12% |
10:1 | 29% |
20:1 | 50% |
50:1 | 95% |
100:1 | 100% |
Element/Compound | Chemical reaction | E°,V |
Chlorine | Cl2(g) + 2e- ⇄ 2C1- ⇄ClO- ⇄+ H20 + 2e- ⇄ Cl- ⇄+ 20H- | 1.358 0.841 |
Chlorate(I) | HCIO + H+ + 2e- ⇄ Cl- ⇄+ H20 | 1.482 |
Chlorine(IV) oxide | C102(aq) + 2e- ⇄ C102 - | 0.954 |
Chlorate(Vn) | CIO4 - + 8H+ + 8e- ⇄ Cl- ⇄+ 4H20 | 1.389 |
Fluorine | F2(g) + 2e- ⇄ 2F | 2.87 |
Hydroxyl radical | OH•+H202 ⇄ H20 + H02 • | 2.76 |
Ozone | O3 + 2H+ + 2e- ⇄ 02 + 2H20 | 2.076 |
Hydrogen peroxide | H202 +2H+ + 2e- ⇄ 2H20 | 1.776 |
Oxygen | 02(g) + 4H+ + 4e- ⇄ 2H20 | 1.229 |
Permanganate | Mn04 - ⇄+ 4H+ + 3e- ⇄ Mn02 + 2H20 Mn04 - ⇄ + 8H+ + 5e- ⇄ Mn2+ + 4H20 | 1.679 1.507 |
Dichromate | Cr2072- + 14H+ + 6e- ⇄ 2Cr3+ + 7H20 | 1.33 |
Ferrate(VI) | Fe042- + 8H+ + 3e- ⇄ Fe3+ + 4H20 Fe042- + 8H20 + 3e- ⇄ Fe(OH)3 +8H20 | 2.2 0.7 |
EDCs obtained by synthesis | Natural EDCs |
Bisfenol A | Progesterone |
Bisfenol F | Testosterone |
17-α-ethynylestradiol (EE2) | Androsterone |
Genistein | 15-β-estradiol (E2) |
Biochanin A | Estrone (El) |
Compound | Molecular formula | Molar mass, g/mol | Literature |
Ibuprofen | C13H18O2 | 206.29 | Lee and von Gunten, 2010 [ |
Atenolol | C14H22N2O3 | 266.34 | Lee and von Gunten, 2010 [ |
Menadione Sodium Bisulfite | C11H9NaO5S | 276.24 | Yang |
Carbamazepine | C15H12N20 | 236.27 | Yang |
Benzophenone-3 | C14H12O3 | 228.25 | Diaz-Cruz and Barcelo, 2015 [ |
Triclosan (TCS) | C12H7Cl3O2 | 289.54 | Diaz-Cruz and Barcelo, 2015 [ |
Glycylglycine | C4H8N2O3 | 132.12 | Noorhasan |
Sulfamethizole | C9H10N4O2S2 | 270.33 | Wu |
Ciprofloxacin | C17H18FN3O3 | 331.35 | Zhou and Jiang, 2015a [ |
Penicillin G | C16H18N2O4S | 334.39 | Zhou and Jiang, 2015a [ |
Cephalexin | C16H17N3O4S | 347.39 | Karlesa |
Sulfamethoxazole | C24H29N7O6S | 543.60 | Noorhasan |
Diatrizoic acid | C11H9I3N2O4 | 613.90 | Anquandahrf |
Propranolol | C16H21NO2 | 259.35 | Anquandah |
Tetracycline | C22H24N2O8 | 444.40 | Sharma |