Assessing the Impact of Friendly Family Practice in Reducing Employee Turnover in Malaysian Private Higher Educational Institutions

1. Ainer, Chitra D., Chandrakantan, Arokiasamy, Lawrence (2019). Determinants of turnover intention in the private universities in Malaysia. SHS Web of Conferences, 56, 03004. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] Search in Google Scholar

2. Alamdar, H.K. (2014). Impact of job satisfaction on employees performance: A Study of Nigerian Breweries Plc Kaduna State Branch, Nigeria. Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review, 5(11), 13-23. [CrossRef] Search in Google Scholar

3. Aline, D. Masuda, Steven, A.Y. Poelmas, Tammy, D. Allen. (2011). Flexible Work Arrangements Availability and their Relationship with Work-to-Family Conflict, Job Satisfaction, and Turnover Intentions: A Comparison of Three Country Clusters. Applied Psychology, 61(1), 1-29. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] Search in Google Scholar

4. Aminah Ahmad (2015). Family-Friendly Employment Policy Practices in the Malaysian Government and Selected Private Organizations. [Google Scholar] Search in Google Scholar

5. Bal & De Lange (2014). From Flexibility human resource management to employee engagement and perceived job performance across the lifespan: a multisample study. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 88(1), 126-154. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=Bal+%26+De+Lange+%282014%29+From+Flexibility+human+resource+management+to+employee+engagement+and+perceived+job+performance+across+the+lifespan%3A+a+multisample+study.+&btnG= Search in Google Scholar

6. Bauer, K. (2017). The relationship between perceptions and actual use of workplace flexibility and employee engagement. San Jose State University ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 10599152. [Google https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=Katherine+B.+2017.+The+relationship+between+perceptions+and+actual+use+of+workplace+flexibility+and+employee+engagement.+&btnG=Scholar] Search in Google Scholar

7. Belwal, S., & Belwal, R. (2014). Work-life balance, family-friendly practices and quality of work life issues: Studying employers’ perspectives of working women in Oman. Journal of International Women’s Studies, 15(1), 96-17. [Google Scholar] Search in Google Scholar

8. Bridget Miller (2019). Tips to increase employee productivity. Available at: https://hrdailyadvisor.blr.com/2019/10/28/tips-to-increase-employee-productivity/ [Link] Search in Google Scholar

9. Caitlin, S. & Joy, Y. (2016). What impact do flexible working arrangements have on employee performance and overall business results. [Google Scholar] Search in Google Scholar

10. Chan Hak Fun (2007). Worklife balance: The impact of family friendly practices. Available at: https://pdf4pro.com/view/work-life-balance-the-impact-of-family-friendly-practices-471f71.html [Link] Search in Google Scholar

11. CIPD (2014). Employee Turnover and retention. Available at: https://www.cipd.co.uk/knowledge/strategy/resourcing/turnover-retention-factsheet [Link] Search in Google Scholar

12. Clarke, S., & Holdsworth, L. (2017). Flexibility in the workplace: implications of flexible work arrangements for individual,terms and organisations. Available at: [Link] Search in Google Scholar

13. Data.gov.my (2020). Number of Academic Staff at Private Higher Education Institutions (PHEI). Available at: https://www.data.gov.my/data/ms_MY/dataset/number-of-academic-staff-at-private-higher-education-institutions-phei-by-highest-education/resource/6d1afa30-cc34-470c-8425-6ae81cd1ac7e [Link] Search in Google Scholar

14. Daniel, B. (2017). The Economics of Paid Parental Leave. Available at: [Link] Search in Google Scholar

15. Darius Fisher (2016). How increasing employee job satisfaction can reduce turnover. Available at:https://www.forbes.com/sites/theyec/2016/02/11/how-increasing-employee-job-satisfaction-can-reduce-turnover/?sh=30ec1e0b3f6d [Link] Search in Google Scholar

16. Department of Statistics Malaysia (2020). Education Statistics. Available at: https://drive.google.com/file/d/18yMUh0kIS0ASNcH2oRvJ570BK7dEcQfc/view?usp=sharing [Link] Search in Google Scholar

17. Douglas G., Tian Chen, Pan Wu & Hui Zhang (2013). Introduction to Mediation Analysis with Structural Equation Modelling. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4054581/ Shanghai Arch Psychiatry, 25(6), 390-394. [Google Scholar] G:\BEL\BEL\Issue 4, 2022\10.3969\j.issn.1002-0829.2013.06.009 [CrossRef] Search in Google Scholar

18. Dr. S. Suman Babu, & K. Bhavana Raj (2013). Impact of Childcare Assistance on employee retention in Indian IT Sector. Global Journal of Management and Business Research, 13(G6), 9-17. [Google https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=Dr.+S.+Suman+Babu+%26+K.+Bhavana+Raj+%282013%29+Impact+of+Childcare+Assistance+on+employee+retention+in+Indian+IT+Sector&btnG=Scholar] Search in Google Scholar

19. Ezaili Alias, N., Hazieqah Rohmanan, N., Ismail, S., Koe, W.-L., & Othman, R. (2018) Factor influencing Turnover intention in a Malaysian Manufacturing Company. KnE Social Sciences, 3(10), 771-787. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]10.18502/kss.v3i10.3171 Search in Google Scholar

20. Fletcher, L. (2015). Can Perceptions of Flexible Work Arrangement Boost Engagement and Desirable Employee Behavior. [Google Scholar] Search in Google Scholar

21. Florentine, S. (2019). 9 reasons good employees leave and how you can prevent it. Available at: https://www.cio.com/article/2858746/9-reasons-good-employees-leave-and-how-you-can-prevent-it.html [Link] Search in Google Scholar

22. Geetha, S., Nurul, N.H.K., & Tan, P.L. (2016). Family Friendly Policies – A Tool for Resource Management among Working Women. The European Proceedings of Social and Behavioral Sciences (EpSBS), 275-286. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] Search in Google Scholar

23. Grapragasem, S., Krishnan, A., Mansor, A.N. (2014). Current Trends in Malaysian Higher Education and the Effect on Education Practice and Practice. International Journal of Higher Education, 3(1), 85-93. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]10.5430/ijhe.v3n1p85 Search in Google Scholar

24. Heathfield, S.M. (2018). Pros and cons of a flexible work schedule. Available at: https://www.thebalancecareers.com/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-flexible-work-schedules-1917964 [Link] Search in Google Scholar

25. Humanresourcesonline.net (2017). More than 6,000 lecturers laid off in Malaysia last year. Available at: [Link] Search in Google Scholar

26. Jagun, V. (2015) An investigation into the high turnover of employees within the Irish Hospitality sector, identifying what methods of retention should be adopted. G:\BEL\BEL\Issue 4, 2022\Victoria J. (2015) An investigation into the high turnover of employees within the Irish Hospitality sector, identifying what methods of retention should be adopted [Google Scholar] Search in Google Scholar

27. Jeanne Dinini (2017). Quchi’s Theory Z. Available at: https://courses.lumenlearning.com/wmintrobusiness/chapter/reading-theory-z/ [Link] Search in Google Scholar

28. Jones, K. (2017). The most desirable employee benefits. Available at: [Link] Search in Google Scholar

29. Kwang Bin Bae (2017). The effects of family-friendly practices on job satisfaction and organizational commitment: A panel study conducted on South Korea’ Public institutions. Public Personal Management, 46(1), 25-40. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]10.1177/0091026016689669 Search in Google Scholar

30. Khairunnee Zam, M.N., Siti Suriani, Nurul Nadirah A.H. (2017). Work-Life Balance Satisfaction among Academics in Public Higher Educational Sector. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 7, Special Issue, 5-19. [Google Scholar]G:\BEL\BEL\Issue 4, 2022\10.6007\IJARBSS\v7-i13\3181 [CrossRef] Search in Google Scholar

31. Laurel A. McNall, Aline D. Masuda, & Jessica M. Nicklin (2009). Flexible Work Arrangement, Job Satisfaction, and Turnover Intentions: The Mediating role of Work to Family Enrichment. The Journal of Psychology, 144(1), 61-81. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]10.1080/00223980903356073 Search in Google Scholar

32. Lott, Y. (2020). Does Flexibility Help Employees Switch Off from Work? Flexible Working-Time Arrangements and Cognitive Work-to-Home Spillover for Women and Men in Germany. Social Indicators Research, 151, 471-494. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]10.1007/s11205-018-2031-z Search in Google Scholar

33. Malaysian Employer Federation (2011). Average Turnover Rate for Non-manufacturing sector. Available at: https://www.mef.org.my/kc/surveysdetails.aspx?ID=21 [Link] Search in Google Scholar

34. Manogharan, M.W., Thivaharan T., & Rahman, R.A. (2018). Academic Staff Retention in Private Higher Education Institute – Case Study of Private Colleges in Kuala Lumpur. International Journal of Higher Education, 7(3), 52-78. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]10.5430/ijhe.v7n3p52 Search in Google Scholar

35. McLeod, S. (2020). Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs. Available at: https://www.simplypsychology.org/maslow.html [Link] Search in Google Scholar

36. Moy Xue Min (2015). Turnover intention among Malaysian Private higher education instiution generation Y academician: The mediating effect of employee engagement. [Google Scholar] Search in Google Scholar

37. Nichol, J. (2016). How flexible work supports corporate social responsibility. Available at: https://www.flexjobs.com/employer-blog/flexible-work-supports-corporate-social-responsibility/ [Link] Search in Google Scholar

38. Nyaga, R. (2015). Assessment of Employee turnover on organizational efficiency: A case study of international livestock research institute. [Google Scholar] Search in Google Scholar

39. OECD (2017). Parental Leave a system. Available at: https://www.oecd.org/els/soc/PF2_1_Parental_leave_systems.pdf [Link] Search in Google Scholar

40. Possenriede, D.S., and Plantenga, J. (2011). Access to Flexible Work Arrangements, Working Time Fit and Job Satisfaction. Discussion Paper Series/Tjalling C. Koopmans Research Institute, volume 11, issue 22 (Working paper). [Google Scholar] Search in Google Scholar

41. Ralph Gregor D. Tan Rn (2019). Perception of Regular Employees on Financial Incentives as a strategy to increase employee retention. Available at: https://www.scribd.com/document/427778276/Proposal-1 [Link] Search in Google Scholar

42. Ramasamy, V., Abdullah, N.H. (2020) Faculty’s Turnover in private higher learning institutions: a phenomenal inquiry. Business and Economic Horizons, 13(2), 169-181. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]10.15208/beh.2017.13 Search in Google Scholar

43. Rathakrishnan, T., Ng, S.I., & Tee, K.K. (2016). Turnover intention of lecturers in private universities in Malaysia. Social Sciences and Humanities, 24(S), 129-146. Available at: [Google Scholar] Search in Google Scholar

44. Reukauf, J. (2018). The correlation between job satisfaction and turnover intention in small business. Walden University ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 10638498. [Google Scholar] Search in Google Scholar

45. Sander, R. (2018). Childcare Benefits and employee retention. Available at: [Link] Search in Google Scholar

46. Seamus Roddy (2020). How to offer childcare benefits at your business. Available at:https://clutch.co/hr/resources/how-to-offer-childcare-benefits [Link] Search in Google Scholar

47. Shah, N.H., & Jumani, N.B. (2015). Relationship of Job Satisfaction and Turnover Intention of Private Secondary School Teachers. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 6(4), 313-323. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n4s2p313 Search in Google Scholar

48. Skinner, N. (2013). Work-life balance and family friendly practices. [CrossRef]10.21307/eb-2013-002 Search in Google Scholar

49. Soo Young Lee & Jeong Hwa Hong (2013). Does Family Friendly Practice Matter? Testing Its Impact on Turnover and Performance. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261964984_Does_Family-Friendly_Policy_Matter_Testing_Its_Impact_on_Turnover_and_Performance [Link] Search in Google Scholar

50. Stern, M. (2016). Is on-site childcare the key to cutting employee turnover. Available at: [Link] Search in Google Scholar

51. StudyMalaysia.com (2018). The Malaysian Higher Education System. Available at: https://www.studymalaysia.com/education/higher-education-in-malaysia/the-malaysian-higher-education-system-an-overview [Link] Search in Google Scholar

52. Trautner, T. (2016). Childcare in the workplace. Available at: https://www.canr.msu.edu/news/child_care_in_the_workplace [Link] Search in Google Scholar