[
Act of 17 November 1964 on Code of Civil Procedure (consolidated text, Journal of Laws of 2023, item 1550, as amended).
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Act of 13 June 2003 on Granting Protection to Foreigners on the Territory of the Republic of Poland (consolidated text, Journal of Laws of 2023, item 192).
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Act of 7 September 2007 on Poles’ Card (consolidated text, Journal of Laws of 2023, item 192).
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Act of 20 September 2009 on Safety of Mass Events (consolidated text, Journal of Laws of 2023, item 616).
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Act of 6 August 2010 on Identity Cards (consolidated text, Journal of Laws of 2022, item 671).
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Act of 17 November 2021 on the Family Capital of Care (consolidated text, Journal of Laws of 2023, item 883).
]Search in Google Scholar
[
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). DSM: Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). American Psychiatric Association.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Babu, R., % Shah, U. (2021). Gender identity disorder (GID) in adolescents and adults with differences of sex development (DSD): A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Pediatric Urology, 17(1), 39–47.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Bartmiński, J. (2012). Językowe podstawy obrazu świata [The linguistic foundations of the world picture]. Wydawnictwo UMCS.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Bielska-Brodziak, A., % Boratyńska, M. (2019). Zaburzenia różnicowania płci i transseksualizm [Differences of sex development and transsexualism]. In M. Boratyńska, P. Konieczniak, % E. Zielińska (Eds.), System prawa medycznego. Regulacja prawna czynności medycznych [Medical law system: Legal regulation of medical activities] (Vol. 2, Part 2) (pp. 517–570). Wolters Kluwer Polska.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Bielska-Brodziak, A., % Gawlik, A. (2016). Dzieci bez płci. Jak polski prawodawca rozwiązuje problemy osób interseksualnych. Część pierwsza [Genderless children: How Polish legislatures solve the issues of intersex people. Part one]. Prawo i Medycyna, 18(2), 5–28.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Bielska-Brodziak, A., % Tobor, Z. (2007). Słowniki a interpretacja tekstów prawnych [Dictionaries and interpretation of legal texts]. Państwo i Prawo, 5, 20–33.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Bieńkowska, M. (2012). Transseksualizm w Polsce [Transsexualism in Poland]. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Boucher, F.J., % Chinnah, T.I. (2020). Gender dysphoria: A review investigating the relationship between genetic influences and brain development. Adolescent Health, Medicine and Therapeutics, 11, 89–99.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Bralczyk, J. (Ed.). (2005). Słownik 100 tysięcy potrzebnych słów [Dictionary of 100,000 Useful Words]. Wydawnictwo PWN.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Bundesministerium der Justiz. (1980, 10 September). Gesetz über die Änderung der Vornamen und die Feststellung der Geschlechtszugehörigkeit in besonderen Fällen (Transsexuellengesetz – TSG). https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/tsg/BJNR016540980.html
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Burri, A., Cherkas, L., Spector, T., % Rahman, Q. (2011). Genetic and environmental influences on female sexual orientation, childhood gender typicality and adult gender identity. PloS One, 6(7), e21982.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Cambridge University Press. (n.d.) Gender identity. In Cambridge dictionary. Retrieved 29 January 2024, from https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/gender-identity
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Cole, S., Denny, D., Eyler, A., % Samons, S. (2000). Issues of transgender. In L. Szuchman % F. Muscarella (Eds.), Psychological perspectives on human sexuality (pp. 149–195). Wiley.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Coleman, E., Radix, A.E., Bouman, W.P., Brown, G.R., De Vries, A.L., Deutsch, M.B., et al. (2022). Standards of care for the health of transgender and gender diverse people, version 8. International Journal of Transgender Health, 23(Sup1), S1–S259.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Constitution of the Republic of Poland of 2 April 1997 (Journal of Laws 1997, item 78, no. 483).
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Council of Europe. (2011, 11 May). Convention on Preventing and Combating Violence against Women and Domestic Violence, Istanbul (O. J. EU L, 02.06.2023).
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Decision of the Federal Constitutional Court of Germany of 27 May 2008, reference no. 1BvL 10/05, 1-BvL-10–05-Federal-Constitutional-Court-of-Germany-English.pdf (icj.org)
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Dębińska, M. (2020). Transpłciowość. Wytwarzanie kategorii [Transgender: Category manufacturing]. Wydawnictwo Instytutu Archeologii i Etnologii Polskiej Akademii Nauk.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Delgado, J.B., % Castro, M.C. (2014). Construction and validation of a subjective scale of stigma and discrimination (SISD) for the gay men and transgender women population in Chile. Sexuality Research and Social Policy, 11(3), 187–198.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Dessens, A.B., Cohen-Kettenis, P.T., Mellenbergh, G.J., Poll, N.V., Koppe, J.G., % Boer, K. (1999). Prenatal exposure to anticonvulsants and psychosexual development. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 28, 31–44.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Directive 2012/29/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 October 2012 Establishing Minimum Standards on the Rights, Support and Protection of Victims of Crime and Replacing Council Framework Decision 2001/220/.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Drabik, L., Kubiak-Sokół, A., Sobol, E., % Wisniakowska, L. (Eds.). (2008). Słownik języka polskiego [Dictionary of the Polish language]. Polskie Wydawnictwo Naukowe.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Drescher, C.F., Griffin, J.A., Casanova, T., Kassing, F., Wood, E., Brands, S., % Stepleman, L.M. (2019). Associations of physical and sexual violence victimisation, homelessness, and perceptions of safety with suicidality in a community sample of transgender individuals. Psychology % Sexuality, 12(1–2), 52–63.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Du Bois, S.N., Yoder, W., Guy, A.A., Manser, K., % Ramos, S. (2018). Examining associations between state-level transgender policies and transgender health. Transgender Health, 3(1), 220–224.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Dubisz, S. (Ed.). (2003). Uniwersalny słownik języka polskiego [Universal dictionary of the Polish language] (Vol. 4). Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Dynarski, W., % Śmiszek, K. (Eds.). (2013). Sytuacja prawna osób transpłciowych w Polsce raport z badań i propozycje zmian [Legal situation of transgender people in Poland: Research report and suggested changes]. Polskie Towarzystwo Prawa Antydyskryminacyjnego (PTPA) .
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Garcia-Falgueras, A., % Swaab, D.F. (2008). A sex difference in the hypothalamic uncinate nucleus: Relationship to gender identity. Brain, 131(12), 3132–3146.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Gawlik-Starzyk, A., Dora, M., Baran, D., Szostakiewicz, Ł., Trofimiuk-Müldner, M., Müldner-Nieckowski, Ł., Bielska-Brodziak, A., % Grabski, B. (2024). Ramowe zalecenia dotyczące procesu opieku nad zdrowiem nastoletnich osób transpłciowych (T) i niebinarnych (NB) doświadczających dysforii płciowej – stanowisko panelu ekspertów [Framework recommendations for the health care process for transgender (t) and non-binary (nb) adolescents experiencing gender dysphoria: Position of the panel of experts]. In press.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Gobierno de España. (2007, 15 March). Ley 3/2007, de 15 de marzo, reguladora de la rectificación registral de la mención relativa al sexo de las personas. https://www.boe.es/buscar/doc.php?id=BOE-A-2007–5585
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Gobierno de España. (2023, 28 February). Ley 4/2023, de 28 de febrero, para la igualdad real y efectiva de las personas trans y para la garantía de los derechos de las personas LGTBI, https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2023–5366
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Grabski, B., Mijas, M., Dora, M., % Iniewicz, G. (2020). Dysforia i niezgodność płciowa. Kompendium dla praktyków [Dysphoria and gender nonconformity: A compendium for practitioners]. PZWL, Wydawnictwo Lekarskie.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Grabski, B., Rachoń, D., Czernikiewicz, W., Dulko, S., Jakima, S., Müldner-Nieckowski, Ł., Małgorzata Trofimiuk-Müldner, M., Baran, D., Dora, M., Iniewicz, G., Mijas, M., Stankiewicz, S., Adamczewska-Stachura, M., % Mazurczak, A. (2021). Zalecenia Polskiego Towarzystwa Seksuologicznego dotyczące opieki nad zdrowiem dorosłych osób transpłciowych stanowisko panelu ekspertów. [Recommendations of the Polish Society of Sexology on health care of transgender adults: Position of the panel of experts]. Psychiatria Polska, 55(3), 701–708.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Heylens, G., De Cuypere, G., Zucker, K.J., Schelfaut, C., Elaut, E., Vanden Bossche, H., De Baere, E., % T’Sjoen, G. (2012). Gender identity disorder in twins: A review of the case report literature. The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 9(3), 751–757.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Hill, B.J., Crosby, R., Bouris, A., Brown, R., Bak, T., Rosentel, K., VandeVusse A., Silverman, M., % Salazar, L. (2018). Exploring transgender legal name change as a potential structural intervention for mitigating social determinants of health among transgender women of color. Sexuality Research and Social Policy, 15, 25–33.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
ILGA Europe. (2023). 2023 Annual review of the human rights situation of lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans and intersex people in Europe and Central Asia. Retrieved 23 January 2024, from https://rainbow-europe.org/sites/default/files/annual-report/Annual-Review-Full-2023.pdf
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Jakubowski, T. (2015). Inność poprzez wieki – historia transpłciowości [Otherness through the ages: A history of transgenderism]. In E. Bogdanowska-Jakubowska (Ed.), Inność/różnorodność w języku i kulturze [Otherness/diversity in language and culture] (pp. 109–122). Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Jakubowski, T. (2017). Kobiety i mężczyźni nieheteroseksualni i transpłciowi: Stres mniejszościowy i dyskryminacja społeczna [Non-heterosexual and transgender women and men: Minority stress and social discrimination]. In E. Mandal (Ed.), Kobiety, mężczyźni i bliskie związki [Women, men and close relationships] (pp. 204–225). PWN.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Joel, D., Garcia-Falgueras, A., % Swaab, D. (2020). The complex relationships between sex and the brain. The Neuroscientist, 26(2), 156–169.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Judgment of the Constitutional Court of the Czech Republic of 24 April 2024, reference no. Pl. ÚS 52/23. https://www.usoud.cz/fileadmin/user_upload/Tiskova_mluvci/Publikovane_nalezy/2024/Pl-52–23_AN_s_disenty.pdf
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Judgment of the Court of Appeal in Białystok of 2 February 2016, reference no. I ACa 104/15. https://www.saos.org.pl/judgments/328639
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Judgment of the Court of Appeal in Rzeszów of 4 June 2009, reference no. I ACa 120/09, Lex no. 1643026.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Judgment of the District Court in Warsaw of 10 November 2017, reference no. II C 1235/17, Lex no. 3036645.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Judgment of the European Court of Human Rights of 6 February 2001 on the case of Bensaid v. Great Britain, 44599/98, Lex no. 76277.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Judgment of the European Court of Human Rights of 11 July 2002 on the case of Goodwin v. Great Britain, 28957/95, Lex no. 75473.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Judgment of the European Court of Human Rights of 22 March 2016 on the case of Sousa Goucha v. Portugal, 70434/12, Lex no. 2005755.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Judgment of the European Court of Human Rights of 6 April 2017 on the case of Garçon I Nicot v. France, 79885/12, A.P., Lex no. 2261694.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Judgment of the European Court of Human Rights of 11 October 2018 on the case of S. v. Italy, 55216/08, Lex no. 2594120.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Judgment of the European Court of Human Rights of 10 March 2015 on the case of Y.Y. v. Turkey 14793/08, Lex no. 1652021.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Judgment of the Province Administrative Court in Łódź of 15 February 2017, reference no. III SA/Łd 745/16, Lex no. 2239981.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Judgment of the Regional Court in Lublin of 4 August 2014, reference no. I C 978/13. https://www.saos.org.pl/judgments/66415
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Judgment of the Regional Court in Słupsk of 20 January 2017, reference no. I C 36/17. https://www.saos.org.pl/judgments/328639
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Judgment of the Regional Court in Warsaw of 29 September 2020, reference no. V Ca 2686/19, Lex no. 3207506.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Judgment of the Supreme Court of Poland 8 December 2022, reference no. I NSNc 575/21, Lex no. 3439529.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Knudson, G., Winter, S., Baral, S., Reisner, S., % Wylie, K. (2020). An introduction to gender diversity. In C.A. Ferrando (Ed.), Comprehensive care of the transgender patient (pp. 1–7). Elsevier.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Korpaisarn, S., % Safer, J.D. (2019). Etiology of gender identity. Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics, 48(2), 323–329.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Kruijver, F.P., Zhou, J.N., Pool, C.W., Hofman, M.A., Gooren, L.J., % Swaab, D.F. (2000). Male-to-female transsexuals have female neuron numbers in a limbic nucleus. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology % Metabolism, 85(5), 2034–2041.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Kurth, F., Gaser, C., Sánchez, F.J., % Luders, E. (2022). Brain sex in transgender women is shift ed toward gender identity. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 11(6), 1582.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Larousse. (n.d.) Genre. In Dictionnaire de français. Retrieved 29 January 2024, from https://www.larousse.fr/dictionnaires/francais/genre/36604#11103207
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Lee, H., Operario, D., van den Berg, J.J., Yi, H., Choo, S., % Kim, S.-S. (2020). Health disparities among transgender adults in South Korea. Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, 32(2–3), 103–110.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Leġiżlazzjoni Malta. (2015, 14 April). Gender Identity, Gender Expression and Sex Characteristics Act. https://legislation.mt/eli/cap/540/eng/pdf
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Łukasiewicz, J.M. (2021). Prawne aspekty zmiany płci w wybranych państwach europejskich [Legal aspects of gender reassignment in selected European countries]. Instytut Wymiaru Sprawiedliwości. https://iws.gov.pl/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/IWS_Lukasiewicz-J.M._Prawne-aspekty-zmiany-plci.pdf
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Mueller, S.C., Guillamon, A., Zubiaurre-Elorza, L., Junque, C., Gomez-Gil, E., Uribe, C., Khorashad, B.S., Khazai, B., Talaei, A., Habel, U., Votinov, M., Derntl, B., Lanzenberger, R., Seiger, R., Kranz, G.S., Kreukels, B.P.C., Kettenis, P.T.C., Burke, S.M., Lambalk, N.B., … Luders, E. (2021). The neuroanatomy of transgender identity: Mega-analytic findings from the ENIGMA transgender persons working group. The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 18(6), 1122–1129.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Opałek, K. (1968). Problemy ‘zewnętrznej’ i ‘wewnętrznej’ integracji nauk prawnych [Issues of ‘external’ and ‘internal’ integration of legal sciences]. Krakowskie Studia Prawnicze, 1–2, 7–39.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Order of the Supreme Court of Poland of 22 March 1991, reference no. III CRN 28/91, Lex no. 519375.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Order of the Supreme Court of Poland of 28 May 2014, reference no. I CSK 394/13, OSNC 2015, no. 4, item 51.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Pietrzykowski, T. (2012). Intuicja prawnicza. W stronę zewnętrznej integracji nauk prawnych [Legal intuition: Towards the external integration of legal sciences]. Difin.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Polanski, E. (Ed.). (2008). Wielki Słownik Języka Polskiego [The great dictionary of the Polish language]. Krakowskie Wydawnictwo Naukowe.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Polderman, T.J., Kreukels, B.P., Irwig, M.S., Beach, L., Chan, Y.M., Derks, E.M., Esteva, I., Ehrenfeld, J., Den Heijer, M., Posthuma, D., Raynor, L., Tishelman, A., % Davis, L.K. (2018). The biological contributions to gender identity and gender diversity: Bringing data to the table. Behavior genetics, 48, 95–108.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Real Academia Española. (n.d.). Identidad. In El Diccionario de la lengua española. Retrieved 21 January 2024, from https://dle.rae.es/identidad
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Regulation (EU) 2021/692 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 28 April 2021 Establishing the Citizens, Equality, Rights and Values Programme and Repealing Regulation (EU) no. 1381/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council and Council Regulation (EU) no. 390/2014.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Regulation of the Minister of Education and Science of 27 August 2012 on the Core Curriculum for Preschool Education and General Education in the Respective Types of Schools, appendix 4 (Journal of Laws of 2012, item 977, as amended).
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Rotondi, N.K., Bauer, G.R., Scanlon, K., Kaay, M., Travers, R., % Travers, A. (2012). Prevalence of and risk and protective factors for depression in female-to-male transgender Ontarians: Trans PULSE project. Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health, 30(2), 135–155.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Russell, S.T., Pollitt, A.M., Li, G., % Grossman, A.H. (2018). Chosen name use is linked to reduced depressive symptoms, suicidal ideation, and suicidal behavior among transgender youth. Journal of Adolescent Health, 63(4), 503–505.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Sasaki, S., Ozaki, K., Yamagata, S., Takahashi, Y., Shikishima, C., Kornacki, T., Nonaka, K., % Ando, J. (2016). Genetic and environmental influences on traits of gender identity disorder: A study of Japanese twins across developmental stages. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 45, 1681–1695.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Scheim, A.I., Perez-Brumer, A.G., % Bauer, G.R. (2020). Gender-concordant identity documents and mental health among transgender adults in the USA: A cross-sectional study. The Lancet Public Health, 5(4), e196–e203.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Sejm Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej. (2015, 10 September). Ustawa o uzgodnieniu płci [Gender Recognition Act]. https://orka.sejm.gov.pl/proc7.nsf/ustawy/1469_u.htm
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Sejm Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej. (2020). Explanatory Memorandum of the Citizens’ Bill, print no. 25.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Simons, L., Schrager, S., Clark, L., Belzer, M., % Olson, J. (2013). Parental support and mental health among transgender adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Health, 53(6), 791–793.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Słownik Języka Polskiego PWN. (n.d.). Płeć. In Słownik Języka Polskiego [Dictionary of the Polish language]. Retrieved 23 January 2024, from https://sjp.pwn.pl/sjp/plec;2501285.html
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Steensma, T.D., Kreukels, B.P., de Vries, A.L., % Cohen-Kettenis, P.T. (2013). Gender identity development in adolescence. Hormones and Behavior, 64(2), 288–297.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Taylor, J. (2007). Transgender identities and public policy in the United States: The relevance for public administration. Administration % Society, 39, 833–856.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Testa, R.J., Habarth, J., Peta, J., Balsam, K., % Bockting, W. (2015). Development of the gender minority stress and resilience measure. Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity, 2(1), 65–77.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Tobor, Z., Żmigrodzki P., % Bielska-Brodziak, A. (2008). Co każdy prawnik o słownikach wiedzieć powinien [What every lawyer should know about dictionaries]. Przegląd Sądowy, 7–8, 79–95.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Walkiewicz, A. (2022). Językowe wykładniki niebinarności płci w polszczyźnie. Część 1: Wprowadzenie do problematyki i próba systematyzacji [Linguistic exponents of gender non-binarity in the Polish language. Part 1: An introduction to the issue and an attempt at its systematization]. Prace Językoznawcze, 24(1), 95–100.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
World Health Organization. (1992). International statistical classification of disease and related health problems: Tenth revision (ICD-10).
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Xerxa, Y., White, T., Busa, S., Trasande, L., Hillegers, M.H., Jaddoe, V.W., Castellanos, F.X., % Ghassabian, A. (2023). Gender diversity and brain morphology among adolescents. JAMA Network Open, 6(5), e2313139.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Yogyakarta Principles. (n.d.). Retrieved 29 June 2024, from https://yogyakartaprinciples.org/
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Zhou, J.N., Hofman, M.A., Gooren, L.J., % Swaab, D.F. (1995). A sex difference in the human brain and its relation to transsexuality. Nature, 378(6552), 68–70.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Żmigrodzki, P. (Ed.). (2023). Wielki Słownik Języka Polskiego PAN [The great dictionary of the Polish language of the Polish Academy of Sciences]. https://wsjp.pl
]Search in Google Scholar