Screening of 17α-ethynylestradiol and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory pharmaceuticals accumulation in Mytilus edulis trossulus (Gould, 1890) collected from the Gulf of Gdańsk
, y | 12 dic 2016
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Article Category: Short communication
Publicado en línea: 12 dic 2016
Páginas: 605 - 614
Recibido: 11 abr 2016
Aceptado: 09 jun 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/ohs-2016-0050
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© Faculty of Oceanography and Geography, University of Gdańsk, Poland. All rights reserved.
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Numbers and masses of sampled individuals of Mytilus edulis trossulus
| Mussel size categories (cm) | Number of individuals | Total wet mass in size categories (g) | Total dry mass in size categories (g) | % of water |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.1 - 2 .0 | 63 | 8.765 | 1.350 | 84.6 |
| 2.1 - 3.0 | 151 | 60.467 | 5.600 | 90.7 |
| 3.1 - 4.0 | 141 | 103.551 | 8.200 | 92.1 |
| 4.1 - 5 | 10 | 7.810 | 1.020 | 86.9 |
| Total | 365 |
Guidelines for bioaccumulation categorization (review in Arnot et al. 2006)
| Regulatory program | Criteria | Categorization | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Canadian Environmental Program Act (1999) | BAF or BCF = 5000 l kg−1 or log Kow > 5.0 | Bioaccumulative | Government of Canada 1999 |
| United Nations Environmental Programme Stockholm Convention (2001) | Bioaccumulative | UNEP 2001 | |
| Washington State Department of Ecology (2004) | Bioaccumulative | Washington State Department of Ecology 2004 | |
| Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) is a European Union (2007) | BCF > 2000 l kg-1 | Bioaccumulative | REACH 2007 |
| BCF > 5000 v | Very bioaccumulative | ||
| US EPA (1996) | BAF > 2000 l kg−1, or log Kow > 4 | Bioaccumulative | United States Environmental Protection Agency 1996 |
Concentrations of pharmaceuticals found in Mytilus edulis trossulus (ng per wet and dry mass of sample) and obtained BAFs
| Mussel size categories | Found pharmaceuticals | Concentrations | BAF (using wet weight) | BAF (using dry weight) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ng g−1 of dry weight | ng g−1 of wet weight | l kg−1 | |||
| 4.1-5 cm | PAR | 80 | 10.5 | 373 | 2850 |
| FLUR | 210 | 27.5 | 1718 | 16154 | |
| EE2 | 310 | 40.4 | - | - | |
Chemical structures and basic characteristics of target pharmaceuticals
| Compound | Chemical structure | Compound | Chemical structure |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ibuprofen (IBU) |
Paracetamol (PAR) |
||
| Flurbiprofen (FLUR) |
Naproxen (NAP) |
||
| Diclofenac (DIC) |
Ketoprofen (KET) |
||
| 17α-Ethynylestradiol (EE2) |
|||