<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">Calcination is considered to increase the hardness of composite material and prevent its breakage for the effective applications in environmental remediation. In this study, magnetic biochar amended with silicon dioxide was calcined at high temperature under nitrogen environment and characterized using various techniques. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed elimination of Fe3O4 peaks under nitrogen calcination and formation of Fe3Si and iron as major constituents of magnetic biochar-SiO2 composite, which demonstrated its superparamagnetic behavior (>80 A2·kg−1) comparable to magnetic biochar. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed that both calcined samples generated higher residual mass (>96 %) and demonstrated better thermal stability. The presence of various bands in Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) was more obvious and the elimination of H–O–H bonding was observed at high temperature calcination. In addition, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images revealed certain morphological variation among the samples and the presence of more prominent internal and external pores, which then judged the surface area and pore volume of samples. Findings from this study suggests that the selective calcination process could cause useful changes in the material composites and can be effectively employed in environmental remediation measures.</abstract>

Calcination is considered to increase the hardness of composite material and prevent its breakage for the effective applications in environmental remediation. In this study, magnetic biochar amended with silicon dioxide was calcined at high temperature under nitrogen environment and characterized using various techniques. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed elimination of Fe3O4 peaks under nitrogen calcination and formation of Fe3Si and iron as major constituents of magnetic biochar-SiO2 composite, which demonstrated its superparamagnetic behavior (>80 A2·kg−1) comparable to magnetic biochar. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed that both calcined samples generated higher residual mass (>96 %) and demonstrated better thermal stability. The presence of various bands in Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) was more obvious and the elimination of H–O–H bonding was observed at high temperature calcination. In addition, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images revealed certain morphological variation among the samples and the presence of more prominent internal and external pores, which then judged the surface area and pore volume of samples. Findings from this study suggests that the selective calcination process could cause useful changes in the material composites and can be effectively employed in environmental remediation measures.

Characterization of magnetic biochar amended with silicon dioxide prepared at high temperature calcination

Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences

Materials Science-Poland

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Calcination is considered to increase the hardness of composite material and prevent its breakage for the effective applications in environmental remediation....

Sample	SA [m²·g⁻¹]	Total pore volume V_p[m³·g⁻¹]	Mean pore diameter [nm]
KGB	35.34	0.005	6.5
MB	45.83	0.024	2.1
MBC	336.79	0.021	2.5
MBS	45.37	0.024	2.1
MBSC	125.17	0.008	2.7

	KGB		MB		MBC		MBS		MBSC
Element	wt.%	at.%	wt.%	at.%	wt.%	at.%	wt.%	at.%	wt.%	at.%
C	75.07	81.74	34.74	52.38	75.28	87.09	27.69	43.72	79.15	89.36
N	04.16	0.388	02.81	03.63	05.27	05.23	02.62	03.55	03.67	03.55
O	14.81	12.10	28.11	31.82	04.25	03.70	32.20	38.18	04.26	03.61
Na	00.00	00.00	00.57	00.45	00.00	00.00	00.68	00.56	00.06	00.03
Mg	00.14	00.08	00.40	00.30	00.04	00.02	00.44	00.35	00.08	00.04
Al	00.02	00.01	00.30	00.20	00.04	00.02	00.33	00.23	00.04	00.02
Si	01.46	00.68	00.64	00.42	00.54	00.27	03.08	02.08	01.04	00.50
P	00.07	00.03	00.17	00.10	00.01	00.01	00.14	00.09	00.03	00.01
S	00.53	00.21	00.38	00.21	00.12	00.05	00.27	00.16	00.08	00.03
Cl	00.52	00.19	00.65	00.33	00.06	00.02	00.16	00.09	00.05	00.02
K	03.00	01.00	00.13	00.06	00.06	00.02	00.09	00.04	00.05	00.02
Ca	00.23	00.07	00.13	00.06	00.07	00.03	00.00	00.00	00.05	00.02
Fe	00.00	00.00	30.98	10.05	14.24	03.54	32.31	10.97	11.45	02.78
Matrix	Correct.	ZAF	Correct.	ZAF	Correct.	ZAF	Correct.	ZAF	Correct.	ZAF

Characterization of magnetic biochar amended with silicon dioxide prepared at high temperature calcination

Article Category: Research Article

Publicado en línea: 10 oct 2016

Páginas: 597 - 604

Recibido: 16 dic 2015

Aceptado: 01 jun 2016

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/msp-2016-0112

Palabras clave
Calcination, magnetic biochar, material composite, saturation magnetization

© 2016 Shams Ali Baig et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

BET surface area, total pore volume and mean pore diameter of the samples.

Elemental compositions of the samples (KGB, MB, MBC, MBS and MBSC) conducted by EDX analyses.

Characterization of magnetic biochar amended with silicon dioxide prepared at high temperature calcination

Article Category: Research Article

Publicado en línea: 10 oct 2016

Páginas: 597 - 604

Recibido: 16 dic 2015

Aceptado: 01 jun 2016

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/msp-2016-0112

Palabras claveCalcination, magnetic biochar, material composite, saturation magnetization

© 2016 Shams Ali Baig et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

BET surface area, total pore volume and mean pore diameter of the samples.

Elemental compositions of the samples (KGB, MB, MBC, MBS and MBSC) conducted by EDX analyses.

Palabras clave
Calcination, magnetic biochar, material composite, saturation magnetization