<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">It is increasingly common in the architecture/building industry that glass is placed in the front of the proper façade and serves as a protective layer for the wall behind. This type of external glazing is also used as an envelope for timber façades. External protection by glass slows down timber decomposition and weathering as it screens out potentially dangerous climatic factors like rain, moisture, and frost. Timber-behind-glass is becoming one of the most promising typologies in façade design from a sustainability perspective. The presented paper discusses this new emerging architectural trend. The combination of timber and glass is expected to produce both very durable (long service-life) and simultaneously environmentally friendly façade as timber locks CO2 into its substance.</abstract>

Glass Protected Timber Façades – New Sustainable Façade Typology

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">In the study of historical architecture, especially the one that was transformed or ruined, of key importance is iconography, i.e. views of and panoramas of cities or their parts or individual objects.</abstract>

Cartography and Landscape Painting of the 17th and 18th Centuries as Iconographic Sources

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">The article is focused on identifying the role of the Department of Architecture Fundamentals and Architectural Design in shaping the architectural school of Kyiv National University of Construction and Architecture (KNUCA) as part of the Kyiv architectural school. It is performed by applying the deductive method, i.e. consistent analysis and study ranging from Kyiv architectural school elements. The article provides analysis of the key historic landmarks of its development, its fundamental principles, determined for the first time, methodological approaches, and prospects of development. Having undertaken the analysis, KNUCA was found to be playing a prominent role as a leader in methodology of training architects.</abstract>

Role of the Department of Architecture Fundamentals and Architectural Design of Kyiv National University of Construction and Architecture in Shaping the Kyiv Architectural School

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">Vivid colours in external views of the latest works of architecture are not commonplace. Le Corbusier introduced basic colours delicately, on small fragments. Architects inspired by his work most often select rather small fragments, marking with only a single colour that is clearly contrasted with the entire composition. The construction of massings with vivid colours is the domain of either young and bold or experienced architects who can convince decision-makers about their proposals and rationale. The author presents structures with elements of various colours, as well as single-colour structures that feature surprisingly striking colours, completed by outstanding contemporary architects.</abstract>

Intense Colours in the Latest Works of Architecture

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">This article presents results concerning the hydrodynamics of a reactor with a porous fluidised bed (group D according to Geldart). Pressure drops were experimentally determined by gas flow through the bed and empty column. Using equations from literature flow resistance on the bed and gas distributor, critical velocity and terminal velocity were calculated and the obtained results were compared with experimental data. The equation which best described the work of the tested fluidised bed was identified through a process of trial and error. The influence of sieve being operated on pressure drops occurring during the process was determined and its applicability in the other conditions was verified.</abstract>

The Hydrodynamics of a Fluidised Bed Reactor

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">The purpose of the article is to determine the effect of the addition of polypropylene fibres on the properties of concrete mixtures and hardened concrete. To this end, both destructive and non-destructive tests were conducted. The concrete mixture tests included the testing of the consistency, air content and bulk density of the concrete mixture. Investigations of hardened concrete were based on the determination of compressive strength by destructive tests, sclerometer and ultrasonic methods and tensile strength in bending tests. All tests were performed for seven series of concrete mixtures, differing in their fibre content. The results showed that the addition of polypropylene fibres to the concrete mixture causes changes in consistency, increases air content, and does not increase the compressive and tensile strength of concrete. It was also observed that the addition of polypropylene fibres does not cause significant changes in the bulk density of the concrete mix.</abstract>

Wroclaw University of Science and Technology

The Influence of Polypropylene Fibres on the Properties of Fresh and Hardened Concrete

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">In this paper, a method for the automatic creation of bidirectional paths for AGVs in the Delmia QUEST software application is presented. The layout of transportation subsystem can be prepared in a spreadsheet. Based on it the file with input data is generated. Using programming languages included in QUEST, procedures were created and based on these procedures, a macro was built. This macro allows reading input data from the file and creates the transportation paths automatically. This enables the simulation model building to be less time consuming.</abstract>

A Method for the Automatic Creation of Bidirectional Transportation Paths for AGVs in Delmia QUEST

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Technical Transactions

 The Technical Transactions is an international scientific journal that publishes high quality research results of employees of scientific institutions. The journal was launched by the Lviv Polytechnic in 1883. Since 1946, the publishing tradition of the journal has been continued by the Cracow University of Technology.   Since 2013 onwards, Technical Transactions have been published exclusively in English. All articles are published in open access. The overall focus is on original and rigorous scientific research results which hold international significance.   The aim of Technical Transactions is primarily to enable scientific employees to disseminate original, scientific, theoretical or applied research and to present and promote their achievements on the international stage. Academic research spearheads the development of engineering science and technology. In order to guide this advancement and offer high-level international platform for engineering exchanges, Technical Transactions works with renowned experts and scholars worldwide. The high scientific level of the articles is the responsibility of the Scientific Council, which consists of outstanding specialists. Each text is reviewed by two independent reviewers from outside the author's home institution, including one with foreign affiliation. The content of each article is additionally language-checked by a native speaker.   The scope of the journal cover selected issues related to:    architecture and urban planning,   automation and robotics,   biomedical engineering, construction and operation of machinery,   construction,   electronics and electrical engineering,   energy,   physics,   computer science,   chemical engineering,   material engineering,   engineering environment,   mathematics,   mechanics,   chemical technology,   transport.    Archiving   Sciendo archives the contents of this journal in Portico - digital long-term preservation service of scholarly books, journals and collections.   Plagiarism Policy   The editorial board is participating in a growing community of Similarity Check System's users in order to ensure that the content published is original and trustworthy. Similarity Check is a medium that allows for comprehensive manuscripts screening, aimed to eliminate plagiarism and provide a high standard and quality peer-review process. 