<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> Until the 1990s map perception research was one of the main parts of cartography as a scientific discipline. In the last years of the century map perception research fell out of favor as cartographers turned their attention to the new computer technology. In the first decade of the 21th century the problems of map perception became more frequent in cartographic journals. The article recaps the main problems, theories and research conducted in the twentieth century. The main concepts connected with map perception are discussed: use, utilization, reception and interpretation. These terms are used differently in different research orientations. The author assumes that the terms: reception, reading and perception are unambiguous and perception should be treated as a complex of active and highly interactive processes, leading to identification and understanding of the visible image. The relation of perception research with theory of cartography are presented in three stages of development of the research. In the first, intuitive stage, very important role played eminent cartographers Max Eckert and Karl Peucker, who appreciated the role of human perception in cartography. The second stage began with the research initiated by A.H. Robinson in the 1950s. In the stage perceptual research contributed to the physical aspects of cartographic signs and the psychophysical orientation emerged. Perception has been accepted as an element of cartographic communication theory, modeling theory and cartographic semiotics. The third stage of perceptual research emerged as a result of criticism of empirical research effects. Cartographers turned to methods and theories of cognitive psychology and cognitive orientation was a main paradigm of the research. Perception is perceived as one of the elements of the human cognitive system and considered in the context of higher lever cognitive processes, participating in cartographic information processing. Two methodological approaches can be set apart: theoretical and experimental. In the theoretical approach the processing succession is considered and some models of cartographic processing models were presented. The first decade of the 21st century opens a new stage of perceptual research. It can be named cognitive-digital as the research is based on computer software and is concentrated on cognitive aspects of map perception.</abstract>

Map perception: theories and research in the second half of the twentieth century

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> Map projections are very important in the compilation of various types of maps and spatial databases. Geographical information systems provide their users with the significant opportunities in the choice of map projections, coordinate systems, their definitions and transitions between them. The role of map projection can be considered depending on an objective, for which a map has to be used, user of this map and a form of its publication. The Internet, mobile devices and GIS caused that the map projections are used for two main purposes: data visualization and performing of calculations and analyses. The role of map projections is still important, despite the changes occurring in cartography. The rules for the applications of map projections developed over the centuries are still valid. However, the new rules resulting from the new functions of map projections are also created. The aim of this article, that is the author’s overview of map projections, is to illustrate the broad spectrum of applications for the map projections.</abstract>

From cartography of the Universe to molecular cartography – the use of map projections

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> Actual land cover maps are a very good source of information on present human activities. It increases value of actual spatial databases and it is a key element for decision makers. Therefore, it is important to develop fast and cheap algorithms and procedures of spatial data updating. Every day, satellite remote sensing deliver vast amount of new data, which can be semi-automatically classified.The paper presents a method of land cover classification based on a fuzzy artificial neural network simulator and Landsat TM satellite images. The latest CORINE Land Cover 2012 polygons were used as reference data. Three satellite images acquired 21 April 2011, 5 June 2010, 27 August 2011 over Warsaw and surrounding areas were processed. As an outcome of classification procedure, the maps, error matrices and a set of overall, producer and user accuracies and a kappa coefficient were achieved. The classification accuracy oscillates around 76% and confirms that artificial neural networks can be successfully used for forest, urban fabric, arable land, pastures, inland waters and permanent crops mapping. Low accuracies were obtained in case of heterogenic land cover units.</abstract>

Department of Geoinformatics, Cartography and Remote Sensing Faculty of Geography and Regional Studies, University of Warsaw

Remote Sensing Centre, Institute of Geodesy and Cartography, Warsaw

Semiautomatic land cover mapping according to the 2nd level of the CORINE Land Cover legend

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> The adaptations of foreign cartographical works are the constant publishing practices. The subject matters of these studies are the adaptations of foreign geographical atlases, prepared for the Polish users before 1989. This article attempts to prove the thesis, that the activities of authors and publishers measured by a number and degree of adjustment of the above mentioned adaptations to the needs of the Polish customers in the scope of Polish adaptations of foreign geographical atlases are dependent on the external circumstances, mainly, on the political and socio-economic ones. The aims of these research studies are brought to determine a scope of changes adapting the foreign atlases to the Polish users in the context of the workshop of cartographer and to compare these kinds of publishing activity in the respective periods. The results of these works confirmed the thesis, which was put at the beginning, that the activities of authors and publishers in the field of adaptation depend on the external circumstances. It is clear from the analysis of the examined adaptations, that the greatest activity in this scope is characterised by two periods: the period of partitions of Poland and the next period of activity after the year 1989. Referring to the kinds of adaptations, which were proposed in the article written by B. Konopska and J. Pasławski (2015), it is necessary to mention, that the main principles of the compilations of adaptations in the earlier periods were just the same as we have today. All the atlases can be divided into the basic adaptations and complex ones. Using the reviews and overviews of the adaptations written at the time, when they were issued, we can also say, that the geographical names were and now are the biggest problems for the authors.</abstract>

Adaptations of foreign geographical atlases from before 1989 published for the Polish users

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">The paper deals with the application of Geographic Information System software in cartographic data presentation in the field of historical data mining. Lists of soldiers buried in the I world war cemeteries near Jasło were used. The prepared database helped to create series of maps, mainly diagram maps, that serve as a useful statistical and demographic characteristics of the phenomena. The authors stressed advantages of the solution used and the usefulness of historical data in spatial database preparation process. The shortages of the GIS software itself were also pointed out, especially as long as cartographic editing and methodology principles are concerned.</abstract>

The cartographic methods of presentation and GIS tool in analysis of historical data on the example of Great War cemeteries in southern Poland

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Polish Cartographical Review

Journal's original version: electronic version  70 points in the evaluation of Ministry of Education and Science   The Polish Cartographical Review (Pol. Cartogr. Rev, PCR) is one of the oldest cartographic journals in the world. It has been distributed since 1969 as the continuation of the periodical that had been published in Lvov for 11 years (during the years 1923 to 1934) under the title The Polish Cartographical Review. The quarterly plays an essential role in connection with the increasing importance of spatial information in the contemporary world as well as due to the expanding of use of maps in many areas of social and economic life. As a result, cartography as a field of knowledge, dealing with the methodology of information transmission via maps, is becoming increasingly important; especially facing the new challenges posed by the technological changes, and in the natural consequence - cultural ones.  The thematic scope of the articles that are published in The Polish Cartographical Review is very diverse. It reflects the main development directions of the contemporary cartography that is worked up by the cartographers and another specialists from the other fields of science for whom the map is the subject of research or the visual presentation of the results. In the area of interest of the magazine are the problems of theory of cartography, editing and perception processes of maps, the use of cartography in the studies of social and economic phenomena, including the use of the remote sensing and GIS tools, as well as the cultural role of the map and the history of cartography.  Today, like before the World War II, The Polish Cartographical Review is an important forum for exchange of ideas between the cartographers - workers of science, and the contractors or users of space information in the field of research related to utilitarian aspects of the cartographic activity.  The magazine is a quarterly that is edited by Polish scientists connected with Polish Geographical Society. The reviewers are foreign and Polish scientists. The consultative body is the international Advisory Editorial Board. Social media  Twitter  Facebook   Archiving  Sciendo archives the contents of this journal in Portico - digital long-term preservation service of scholarly books, journals and collections.  Plagiarism Policy  The editorial board is participating in a growing community of Similarity Check System's users in order to ensure that the content published is original and trustworthy. Similarity Check is a medium that allows for comprehensive manuscripts screening, aimed to eliminate plagiarism and provide a high standard and quality peer-review process. 