<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

The development of an appropriate soil-binder composite (stabilized soil) is associated with the selection of the appropriate strength class of the hydraulic binder (e.g. ash-cement) and its amount to stabilize the soil. Advanced statistical methods based on the use of the <italic>spline</italic> function were used in the analysis of tests of soil-binder composites. The analysis presents statistical modelling as a tool helpful in the design of soil-binder composites, showing possible interactions between the components of materials included in the mineral composition of composites. A logarithmic model of the compressive stress forecast was developed for soil-binder composites both with freezing cycles of the soil composition and without freezing cycles, in which the composites hardening time and the addition of ash-cement binders to the soil were continuous variables.
</abstract>

The Modelling of Soil-Binder Composites

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

In Bielsko-Biała (Poland), thanks to the initiative of the originator and architect, a green intensive roof was created on a shopping centre. This roof primarily serves as a garden that enhances the qualities of the residential area, but also as a means of absorbing some rainwater and slowing down the runoff. The water collects in the rainwater retention tank located under the building. Rainwater also evaporates, and its surface runoff is slowed down as it passes through the vegetation on the green intensive roof. This paper addresses some of the operational problems of a selected green roof. The Water Law introduces the obligation to pay charges for the reduction of natural terrain retention. Shopping centres usually occupy large areas of land, but their roofs are rarely used for rainwater management and the installation of biologically active surfaces. Green roofs undoubted advantage is the increase of biologically active surface in urban areas. It is also an oxygen-producing surface as well as reducing urban heat islands and attractive place for honeybees and butterflies. The roof in question meets the requirements of a retention facility mentioned in the Water Law Act. It is a multifunctional system for rainwater management. The analysis suggests that the roof under study is not a self-sustaining ecosystem and requires human intervention.
</abstract>

Anthropogenic Ecosystem of Green Roofs from the Perspective Rainwater Management

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The paper presents the method of determining the impact of an external explosion on construction barriers, taking into account the angle of the shock wave. For the presented two variants of the analysis, i.e. for the load placed at a distance of 5 and 10m from the construction barrier, the initial pressure of the reflected wave, the duration of overpressure and the course of load variability over time were determined. For the assumed parameters of the barrier and the blast load, the values of overpressure were determined, taking into account the angle of incidence and the angle of reflection. Additionally, a comparative analysis of the proposed method with other methods available in the literature was made. The convergence of the results did not exceed 10%. The proposed method allows to determine the boundary between the Mach and the incident waves.
</abstract>

Blast Effect on Construction Barriers from External Load Including Angle Incidence

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Nonwoven geotextiles have been widely used as a substitute for mineral materials to provide filtration functions in civil engineering. However, in filter systems, geotextiles are the first to be in contact with soft, saturated, and fine soils. For that reason, the selection of a geotextile filter depends on the characteristics of the geosynthetics and the base soil (e.g. grain size distribution, internal stability, permeability) and on the design and boundary conditions such as continuity of the soil–geotextile filter contact interface. The geotextile filter must be properly designed to avoid clogging. The most commonly method used for measuring filtration compatibility of soil–geotextile systems is the gradient ratio test. This paper presents the gradient ratio test program for needle-punched nonwoven geotextile used as a filter layer and internally unstable soil. Laboratory tests were conducted in a modified gradient ratio test apparatus. Test results show that gradient ratio increases with time due to clogging. Also the need for a measurementofwaterheadsveryclosetothegeotextiletomeasurement of water heads very close to the geotextile to provide additional information on the soil–geotextile system behaviour were presented.
</abstract>

Clayey Sand–Nonwoven Geotextile Interface Characterisation Through Gradient Ratio Test

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

Landfills, even properly designed, constructed, and operated, are facilities that in the future can be a potential source of pollution of surface and groundwater and atmospheric air. Especially, old municipal landfills were very often established in inappropriate soil and water conditions, which contributed much more to the release of toxic leachate into the ground. This happened due to lack of sufficient regulation and control systems in this area. Reclamation of degraded sites became a kind of rescue for contaminated areas. However, this process was not always carried out in a proper way. This study presents the trends of landfills sealing and their reclamation over the years in different countries.
</abstract>

Review of Technical Methods Landfill Sealing and Reclamation in the World

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The analysis of methods of strengthening reinforced concrete structures showed, that strengthen structures that work for bending can be both a way of increasing the cross-section, and a way to change the calculation scheme of the work of structure. To date, the effect of low-cycle loads of high levels on the work of strengthened bending reinforced concrete elements is not fully investigated. Research in this area is relevant and necessary for modern construction. The use of modern carbon-plastic materials and steel-fiber reinforced concrete is an effective way to strengthen bending reinforced concrete elements.
</abstract>

Effective Methods to Strengthen the Bending Reinforced Concrete Elements

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This paper consists of three parts. The first part presents the methodology of <italic>in situ</italic> tests using a CPT probe and methods of soil type determination that are based on them. The second part lays out the methodology of field tests with Marchetti’s dilatometer (DMT) and methods of soil type determination on their basis. In the third part, the process of validation of CPT and DMT tests with borehole test methods is carried out based on the analysis of <italic>in situ</italic> investigations in the Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW) Campus sites compared to the results obtained from laboratory tests. Validation of the CPT method using Marr’s nomogram was successful. The DMT method using Marchetti’s nomogram chart should be also considered as satisfactory.
</abstract>

Validation of Soil Type Interpretation and Determination from CPT and DMT Tests

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While designing water supply networks, an important task consists in establishing the place necessary for an installation of water supply wells along with water supply units located in them, in aim to determine the number of structural elements in the composition of individual pipelines of this water supply network. It has been proposed to apply a methodology for predictive calculation of a number of structural elements of the water supply pipeline system by indirect signs. An improvement of this technique was carried out by systematising the structural elements into simple and complex ones, with the determination of an indicator of the structural device for each of them. In order to analyse the role of each structural element of the same type, belonging to an assembly consisting of a linear part of a pipeline and nodes, a concept of coefficient of constructiveness was introduced. Analytical and graphical dependencies for predicting the value of the coefficient of constructiveness have been obtained. For typical (simple) nodes, the minimum value of the coefficient of constructiveness is 1.3 and maximum value is 2.54. The largest value of the coefficient of constructiveness for a conventional (complex) node is 1.45, the minimum value is 1.13. Recommendations have been given for assessment of the complexity of the installation of water supply units in practice in the design of new and reconstruction of existing water supply networks. For the above water supply units, working chambers of a round shape are recommended, which makes it possible in practice to reduce the overall planned dimensions of a water well in comparison with a rectangular shape of the same chamber.
</abstract>

Analysis of the Construction Nodes a Water Pipeline Network and Modeling Planned Overall Dimensions Its Working Chambers

AHEAD OF PRINT

Volume 21 (2022): Issue 2 (June 2022)

Volume 21 (2022): Issue 1 (March 2022)

Volume 20 (2021): Issue 4 (December 2021)

Volume 20 (2021): Issue 3 (September 2021)

Volume 20 (2021): Issue 2 (June 2021)

Volume 20 (2021): Issue 1 (March 2021)

Volume 19 (2020): Issue 4 (December 2020)

Volume 19 (2020): Issue 3 (September 2020)

Volume 19 (2020): Issue 2 (June 2020)

Volume 19 (2020): Issue 1 (March 2020)

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Architectura

 Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Architectura aims to provide a multidisciplinary forum for researchers, designers, engineers and administration staff, involved in different fields of architecture and civil engineering. The topics include but are not limited to:    sustainable architecture  construction materials and products  mathematical modelling  soil mechanics and geotechnical engineering  environmental aspects of civil engineering  technology &amp; management of construction processes  spatial development and land use planning   Archiving  Sciendo archives the contents of this journal in Portico - digital long-term preservation service of scholarly books, journals and collections.  Plagiarism Policy  The editorial board is participating in a growing community of Similarity Check System's users in order to ensure that the content published is original and trustworthy. Similarity Check is a medium that allows for comprehensive manuscripts screening, aimed to eliminate plagiarism and provide a high standard and quality peer-review process. 