[
Agerso Y., H. Hasman, L.M. Cavaco, K. Pedersen and F.M. Aarestrup. 2011. Study of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) inn Danish pigs at slaughter and in imported retail meat reveals a novel MRSA type in slaughter pigs. Vet. Microbiol. 157: 246–250.10.1016/j.vetmic.2011.12.02322245403
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Batisti A., A. Franco, G. Merialdi, H. Hasman, M. Juresica, R. Lorenzetti, F. Feltrin, M. Ini and F.M. Aerestrup. 2010. Hetero- genity among methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from Italian pig finishing holdings. Vet. Microbiol. 142: 361–366.10.1016/j.vetmic.2009.10.00819914010]Search in Google Scholar
[
Broens E.M., E.A.M. Graat, P.J. Van DerWolf, A.W. Van De Giessen and M.C.M. De Jong. 2011. Transmission of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus among pigs during transportation from farm to abbatoir. Vet. J. 189: 302–305.10.1016/j.tvjl.2010.08.00320850359
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Carr J. 1998. Garth Pig Stockmanship Standards. 5M Enterprises, London.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Chambers H.F. 1997. Methicillin resistance in staphylococci: molecular and biochemical basis and clinical implications. Clin. Microbiol. 10: 781–791.10.1128/CMR.10.4.7811729449336672
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Cohn L.A. and J.R.A. Middleton. 2010. Veterinary perspective of methicillin-resistant staphylococci J. Vet. Emerg. Crit. Care. 29: 31–45.10.1111/j.1476-4431.2009.00497.x20230433
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Crombe F., G. Willems, M. Dispas, M. Hallin, O. Denis, C. Suetens, B. Gordts, M. Struelens and P. Butaye. 2012. Prevalencce and antimicrobial susceptibility of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus among pigs in Belgium. Microb. Drug. Resist. 18: 25–131.10.1089/mdr.2011.013822088147
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Cunny C., C. Stanek and W. Witte. 2009. MRSA from the point of view of the RKI: evidence in humans and other animals – a coming zoonosis? (in German). Dtsch. Tierarzaltz. Wochensschr. 116: 284–290.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Cui S., J. Li1, C. Hu1, S. Jin1, F. Li, Y. Guo, L. Ran and Y. Mal. 2009. Isolation and characterization of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from swine and workers in China. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 64: 680–683.10.1093/jac/dkp27519684078
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Denis O., C. Suetens, M. Hallin, B. Catry, I. Ramboer, M. Dispas, G. Willems, B. Gordts, P. Butaye and M.J. Struelens. 2009. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ST398 in swine farm personnel, Belgium. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 15(7): 1098–1101.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
De Neeling A.J., M.J. Van Broek, E.C. Spalburg, M.G. Van Santen- Verheuvel, W.D. Dam-Daisz, H.C. Boshuizen, A.W. Ven De Giessen, F. Van Duijkeren and H.W. Huijsdens. 2007. High prevalence of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus in pigs. Vet. Microbiol. 122: 366–372.10.1016/j.vetmic.2007.01.02717367960
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Dewaele I., I. Man, P. Delputte, P. Butaye, G. Vlaemynck, L. Herman, M. Heyndrich and G. Rasschaert. 2013. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) on Belgian pig farms. http://www2. llu.lv/research_conf/Formatting.pdf/, 2014.03.02.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
EFSA. Analysis of the baseline survey on the prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in holdings with breeding pigs, in the EU. 2008. EFSA J. 7: 1376.10.2903/j.efsa.2009.1376
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Fesler A.T., R.G.M. Riekerink, A. Rothkamp, K. Kadlec, O.C. Sam- pimon, T.J.G.M. Lam and S. Schwarz. 2012. Characterization of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus CC398 obtained from humans and animals on dairy farms. Vet. Microbiol. 160: 77–84.10.1016/j.vetmic.2012.05.00522655975
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Friese A., J. Schulz, L. Hoehle, A. Fetsch, B.A. Tehnagen, J. Hartung and U. Roesler. 2012. Occurrence of MRSA in air and housing environment of pig barns. Vet. Microbiol. 158: 129–135.10.1016/j.vetmic.2012.01.01922386671
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Gomez-Sanz E., C. Torres, C. Lozano, R. Fernandez-Perez, C. Aspiroz, F. Ruiz-Larrea and M. Zarazaga. 2010. Detection, molecular characterization, and clonal diversity of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus CC398 and CC97 in Spanish slaughter pigs of different age groups. Foodborne Path. Dis. 7: 1269–1277.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
R.J. Gorwitz, D. Kruszon-Mora, S.K. McAllister, G. McQuillan, L.K. McDougal, G.E. Fosheim, B.J. Jensen, G. Kilgore, F.C. Teno- ver and M.J. Kuehnert. 2008. Changes in the prevalence of nasal colonization of Staphylococcus aureus in United States, 2001–2004. J. Infect. Dis. 197: 1226–1234.]Search in Google Scholar
[
Guardabassi L., M. Stegger and R. Skov. 2007. Retrospective detection of methicillin resistant and susceptible Staphylococcus aureus ST398 in Danish slaughter pigs. Vet. Microbiol. 122: 384–386.10.1016/j.vetmic.2007.03.02117467199
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Huber H., S. Koller, N. Giezendanner, R. Stephan and C. Zweifel.
2010. Prevalence and characteristics of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in humans in contact with farm animals, in livestock, and in food of animal origin, Switzerland, 2009. Euro Surveil. 15: 9642.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Huijsdens X.W., van B.J. Dijke, E. Spalburg, M.G. van Santen- Verheuvel, M. Heck, G.N. Pluister, A. Voss, W.J.B. Wannet and
]Search in Google Scholar
[
A.J. Neeling. Community-acquired MRSA and pig-farming. 2006. Ann. .Clin. Microbiol. Antimicrob. 10: 275–281.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Jackson C.R., J.A. Davis and J.B. Barrett. 2013. Prevalence and characterization of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates from retail meat and humans in Georgia. J. Clin. Microbiol. 51: 1199–1207.10.1128/JCM.03166-12366677523363837
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Jordan D., J. Simon, S. Fury, S. Moss, P. Giffard, M. Maiwald, P. Southwell, M.D. Barton, J.E. Axon, S.G. Morris and others.
2011. Carriage of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus by veterinarians in Australia. Aust. Vet. J. 89: 152–159.10.1111/j.1751-0813.2011.00710.x21495985
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Moodley A, F. Lantronico and L. Guardbassi. 2011. Experimental colonization of pigs with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA): insights into the colonization and transmission of livestock-assiciated MRSA. Epidemiol. Infect. 139: 1594–1600.10.1017/S095026881000288821156101
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Muirhead M.R. and J.L.T. Aleksander. 2013. Managing pig health: a reference for the farm. 2nd edition, Dr. J. Carr, London.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Munckhow W.J., G.R. Nimmo, J.M. Schooneveldt, S. Schlebusch, A.J. Stephens, G. Williams, F. Huygens and O. Giffard. 2009. Nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus, including community-associated methicillin-resistant strains, in Queensland adults. Clin. Micribiol. Infect. 15: 149–155.10.1111/j.1469-0691.2008.02652.x19154489
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Nemati M., K. Hermans, K. Lipinska, U. Denis, O. Deplano, M. Struelens, L.A. Devriesa, F. Pasmans and F. Haesebrouck. 2008. Antimicrobial resistance of old and recent Staphylococcus aureus isolates from poultry: first detection of livestock-associated methicillin-resistant strain ST398. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 52: 3817–3819.10.1128/AAC.00613-08256589218663024
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Normanno G., A. Dambrosio, V. Lorusso, G. Samolis, P. Taranto and A. Parisi. 2015. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in slaughtered pigs and abattoir in Italy. Food Microbiol. 51: 51–56.10.1016/j.fm.2015.04.00726187827
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Overesch G., S. Butner, A. Rossano and V. Perreten. 2011. The increase of meyhicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and the presence of an unusual sequence type ST49 in slaughtered pigs in Switzerland. BMC Vet. Res. 7: 30.10.1186/1746-6148-7-30314897121702906
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Pletinckx L., M. Verhegghe, F. Crombe, J. Dewulf, Y. De Blecker, G. Rasschaert, P. Butaye, B.M. Goddeeris and I. De Man. 2013. Evidence of possible methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ST398 spread between pigs and other animals and people residing on the same farm. Preven. Vet. Med.109: 293–303.10.1016/j.prevetmed.2012.10.01923200313
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Smith T.C., M.J. Male, A.L. Harper, J.S. Kroeger, G.P. Tinkler, E.D. Moritz, A.W. Capuano, L.A. Herwaldt and D.J. Diekema. 2009. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strain ST398 is present in Mildwestern USA. Swine and swine workers. PLoS ONE 4: 4258.10.1371/journal.pone.0004258262628219145257
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Sergio D.M., T.H. Koh, L.Y. Hsu, B.E. Ogden, A.L. Goh and P.K. Chow. 2007. Investigation of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in pigs used for research. J. Med. Microbiol. 56: 1107–1109.10.1099/jmm.0.47283-017644720
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Tenhagen B.A., A. Fetsch, A.B. Stuhrenberg, G. Schleuter,
]Search in Google Scholar
[
B. Guerra, J.A. Hammerl, S. Hertwig, J. Kowall, U. Kampe,
]Search in Google Scholar
[
A. Schroeter and others. 2009. Prevalence of MRSA types in slaughter pigs in different German abattoirs. Vet. Rec. 165: 589–593.10.1136/vr.165.20.58919915190
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Tiemersma E.W., S.L. Bronzwaer, O. Lyytikäinen, J.E. Degener, P. Schrijnemakers, N. Bruinsma, J. Monen, W. Witte and H. Grundman. 2004. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Europe, 1999–2002. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 10: 34.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
van Loo I.H.M., B.M.W. Diederen, P.H.M. Savelkoul, J.H.C. Woun- derberg, R. Rosendaal, van A. Belkum, N. Lemmans-den Toom,
]Search in Google Scholar
[
C. Venhulst, P.H.J. van Keulen and J.A.W. Kluytmans. 2007. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in meat products. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 13: 1753–1755.10.3201/eid1311.070358337578218217563
]Search in Google Scholar
[
van Cleef B.A.G.L., B.H.B. van Benthem, E.J.M. Verkade, M. van Rijen, M.F.Q. Kluytsmans- van den Bergh, L.M. Schouls, B. Duim, J.A. Wagenaar, H. Graveeland, M.E.H. Bos and others. 2014. Dynamics of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus carriage in pig farmers: a prospective cohort study. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. 20: 711–764.10.1111/1469-0691.1258224494859
]Search in Google Scholar
[
van Cleef B.A.G.L., E.M. Broens, A. Voss, X.W. Huijsdens, L. Zuchner, B.H.B. Van Bethem, J.A.J.W. Kluytsmans, M.N. Mulders and A.W. Van De Giessen. 2010. High prevalence of nasal MRSA carriage in slaughterhouse workers in contact with live pigs in the Netherlands. Epidemiol. Infect. 138: 756–763.10.1017/S095026881000024520141647
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Van Den Vroek I.V., B.A. Cleef, A. Haenen, E.M. Broens, P.J. Van Der Wolf, M.J. Van Deen Broek, X.W. Huijsdens, J.A. Kluyts- mans, A.W. Van De Giessen and others. 2009. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in people living and working in pig farms. Epidemiol. Infect. 137: 700–708.10.1017/S095026880800150718947444
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Van Duijkeren E., R. Ikawaty, M.J. Broekhuizen-Stins, M.D. Jansen, E.C. Spalburg, A.J. De Neeling, J.G. Allaart, A. Van Nes, J.A. Wage- naar and A.C. Fluit. 2008. Transmission of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains between different kinds of pig farms. Vet. Microbiol. 126: 383–389.10.1016/j.vetmic.2007.07.02117765409
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Verhegghe M., L.J. Pletinckx, F. Crombe, S. Vam Weyenberg, F. Haesebrouck, P. Butaye, M. Heyndrickx and G. Rasschaert. 2011. Cochort study for presence of livestock-associated MRSA in piglets: effect of sow status at farrowing and determination of the piglet colonization age. Vet. Microbiol. 162: 679–686.10.1016/j.vetmic.2012.09.01423067724
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Voss A., F. Loeffen, J. Bakker, C. Klaasen and M. Wulf. 2005. Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus in pig farming. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 11: 1965–1966.10.3201/eid1112.050428336763216485492
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Weese J.S., A. Zwambag, T. Rosendal, R. Reid-Smith and R. Friendship. 2010. Antimicrobial resistance in staphylococci from animals with particular reference to bovine Staphylococcus aureus, porcine Staphylococcus hyicus, and canine Staphylococcus inter me- dius. Vet. Res. 32: 341–362.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Wendlandt S., S. Schwarz and P. Silley. 2003. Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus: a food-borne pathogens? Ann. Rev. Food Sci. Technol. 4: 117–139.10.1146/annurev-food-030212-18265323190141
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Wertheim H.F., M.C. Vos, H.A. Boelens, A. Voss, C.M. Vanden- broucke-Grauls, H.M. Meester, J.A. Kluytmans, P.H. ven Keulen and H.A. Verbrugh. 2004. Low prevalence of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) at hospital admissions in the Netherlands: the value of search and destroy and restrictive antibiotic use. J. Hosp. Infect. 56: 321–325.10.1016/j.jhin.2004.01.02615066745
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Witte W., B. Strommenger, C. Stanek and C. Cunny. 2007. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ST398 in Humans and Animals. Cent. Eur 13: 255–258.10.3201/eid1302.060924272586517479888
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Wulf M. and A. Voss. 2008. MRSA in livestock animals – an epidemic waiting to happen? Clin. Microbiol. Infect. 14: 519–521.
10.1111/j.1469-0691.2008.01970.x18325034
]Search in Google Scholar