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Comparison of intravenous tramadol and ketamine for prevention of catheter-related bladder discomfort after laparoscopic surgery: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study


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Figure 1

CONSORT diagram of the study
CONSORT diagram of the study

Figure 2

Catheter-related bladder discomfort (CRBD) severity, assessed by using visual analog scale. Error bars are standard error of the mean.
Catheter-related bladder discomfort (CRBD) severity, assessed by using visual analog scale. Error bars are standard error of the mean.

Patients’ demographic data and baseline characteristics

VariablesTramadol (T) (n = 67)Ketamine (K) (n = 70)Placebo (P) (n = 70)
Age (years)44 (12.7)47 (12.8)46.8 (11.2)
Sex
 Male12 (18%)14 (20%)14 (20%)
 Female55 (82%)56 (80%)56 (80%)
Weight (kg)61.2 (11.7)60.7 (10.6)59.5 (13.3)
Height (cm)159 (7.2)160 (6.6)160.3 (7.9)
BMI (kg/m2)24.2 (3.9)23.8 (4.0)23.1 (4.5)
Type of surgery
 Laparoscopic upper abdominal surgery5 (8%)8 (11%)2 (3%)
 Laparoscopic lower abdominal surgery11 (16%)9 (13%)9 (13%)
 Laparoscopic uterine surgery20 (30%)17 (24%)25 (36%)
 Laparoscopic ovarian surgery18 (27%)22 (31%)14 (20%)
 Laparoscopic nephrectomy/ adrenalectomy13 (19%)14 (20%)20 (29%)
Underlying hypertension11 (16%)13 (19%)19 (27%)
Administration of COX-2 inhibitor18 (27%)9 (13%)15 (21%)
Duration of surgery (min)130 (52.6)117 (49.4)113.8 (55.1)
Intraoperative fentanyl administration (mg/h)45 (35.1)53 (30.8)55.0 (37.9)

Incidence of postoperative shoulder pain

TimeTramadol (n = 67)Ketamine (n = 70)Placebo (n = 70)P
Overall incidence12 (18%)26 (37%)24 (34%)0.03

Statistical significance between the three groups (chi-square test)

0h1 (2%)3 (4%)1 (1%)0.62
1 h3 (5%)9 (13%)3 (4%)0.1
2h2 (3%)8 (11%)2 (3%)0.06
6h4 (6%)12 (17%)5 (7%)0.06
24 h7 (10%)

Statistical significance compared with ketamine (P = 0.006) and placebo (P =0.001)

21 (30%)24 (34%)0.003

Statistical significance between the three groups (chi-square test)

Adverse effects

Adverse effectTramadol n = 67Ketamine n = 70Placebon = 70P
Sedation level0.29
 128 (42%)22 (31%)27 (39%)
 239 (58%)45 (64%)42 (60%)
 303 (4%)1 (1%)
 4000
PONV0.06
 Queasy10 (15%)8 (11%)15 (21%)
 Severe nausea6 (9.%)18 (26%)10 (14%)
 Vomiting16 (24%)11 (16%)3 (4%)
Blurred vision1 (2%)1 (1%)00.77
Respiratory depression000N/A
Hallucination000N/A
Postoperative hypertension22 (33%)23 (33%)28 (40%)0.60
Postoperative tachycardia5 (8%)3 (4%)00.07
eISSN:
1875-855X
Sprache:
Englisch
Zeitrahmen der Veröffentlichung:
6 Hefte pro Jahr
Fachgebiete der Zeitschrift:
Medizin, Gesundheitsfachberufe, Vorklinische Medizin, Grundlagenmedizin, andere, Klinische Medizin