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Structural and Dynamic Analysis of Leaf-Associated Fungal Community of Walnut Leaves Infected by Leaf Spot Disease Based Illumina High-Throughput Sequencing Technology

Shiwei Wang
Shiwei Wang
, 
Yu Tan
Yu Tan
, 
Shujiang Li
Shujiang Li
 und 
Tianhui Zhu
Tianhui Zhu
   | 24. Sept. 2022
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Article Category: Original Paper
Online veröffentlicht: 24. Sept. 2022
Seitenbereich: 429 - 441
Eingereicht: 01. Apr. 2022
Akzeptiert: 25. Juli 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.33073/pjm-2022-038
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© 2022 Shiwei Wang et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Fig. 1

Line chart of alpha diversity index for different sampling times; a) dynamic changes of Chao1 index, b) dynamic changes of Shannon index. The different letters indicate the significant difference at the 0.05 level (p < 0.05, n = 5).
Line chart of alpha diversity index for different sampling times; a) dynamic changes of Chao1 index, b) dynamic changes of Shannon index. The different letters indicate the significant difference at the 0.05 level (p < 0.05, n = 5).

Fig. 2

Column map of species relative abundance at phylum level (Group Analysis).
Column map of species relative abundance at phylum level (Group Analysis).

Fig. 3

The group’s phylogenetic relationship of genus species at the level of analysis. A phylogenetic tree constructed from representative sequences of genus levels. The color of the branches and sectors represents the corresponding phylum. The stacked column diagram outside the fan ring illustrates the abundance distribution information of the genus in different samples.
The group’s phylogenetic relationship of genus species at the level of analysis. A phylogenetic tree constructed from representative sequences of genus levels. The color of the branches and sectors represents the corresponding phylum. The stacked column diagram outside the fan ring illustrates the abundance distribution information of the genus in different samples.

Fig. 4

Species relative abundance of species at the genus level (by group analysis); a) relative abundance of the top 10 genera, b) relative abundance of the top 30 genera.
Species relative abundance of species at the genus level (by group analysis); a) relative abundance of the top 10 genera, b) relative abundance of the top 30 genera.

Fig. 5

Heat map of the Genus-level species abundance clustering (by group analysis). The longitudinal direction is the sample information, and the horizontal direction is the species annotation information. The cluster tree on the left side of figure is the species clustering tree. Different colors represent different relative abundances, red represents the high relative abundance, and blue represents the low relative abundance.
Heat map of the Genus-level species abundance clustering (by group analysis). The longitudinal direction is the sample information, and the horizontal direction is the species annotation information. The cluster tree on the left side of figure is the species clustering tree. Different colors represent different relative abundances, red represents the high relative abundance, and blue represents the low relative abundance.

Fig. 6

Line chart of relative abundance for different samples; a) Relative abundance of Colletotrichum spp. at different sampling times, b) relative abundance of Fusarium spp. at different sampling times, c) relative abundance of Alternaria spp. at different sampling times, d) relative abundance of Colletotrichum spp., Fusarium spp., and Alternaria spp. The different letters indicate the significant difference at the 0.05 level (p < 0.05, n = 5).
Line chart of relative abundance for different samples; a) Relative abundance of Colletotrichum spp. at different sampling times, b) relative abundance of Fusarium spp. at different sampling times, c) relative abundance of Alternaria spp. at different sampling times, d) relative abundance of Colletotrichum spp., Fusarium spp., and Alternaria spp. The different letters indicate the significant difference at the 0.05 level (p < 0.05, n = 5).

Fig. 7

Phyllosphere fungal assemblage dissimilarity among healthy (HE1 ~ 5) and infected (IN1 ~ 5) leaves, represented by nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS).
Phyllosphere fungal assemblage dissimilarity among healthy (HE1 ~ 5) and infected (IN1 ~ 5) leaves, represented by nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS).

The non-parametric Wilcox test results.

The non-parametric Wilcox test results of Chao1 index
Difference p-value sig. LCL UCL
HE1-IN1   –4.6 0.3909 –15.3189   6.118942
HE2-IN2    1.2 0.8221 –9.51894 11.91894
HE3-IN3   –8.6 0.1128 –19.3189   2.118942
HE4-IN4   –9.8 0.072 –20.5189   0.918942
HE5-IN5 –20 0.0005 *** –30.7189 –9.28106
The non-parametric Wilcox test results of Shannon index
Difference p-value sig. LCL UCL
HE1-IN1   –6.8 0.1353 –15.8168   2.216805
HE2-IN2 –17.8 0.0003 *** –26.8168 –8.78319
HE3-IN3 –26.2 0 *** –35.2168 –17.1832
HE4-IN4 –12.4 0.0083 ** –21.4168 –3.38319
HE5-IN5   –8.2 0.0735 –17.2168   0.816805
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