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Shear strength of compacted Chlef sand: effect of water content, fines content and others parameters

Djamel Bouri

Djamel Bouri

Laboratory of Materials Sciences and Environment, UHBC Chlef UniversityChlef, Algeria
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Bouri, Djamel
, 
Abdallah Krim

Abdallah Krim

  • Laboratory of Materials Sciences and Environment, UHBC Chlef UniversityChlef, Algeria
  • Ibn Khaldoun University of TiaretAlgeria
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Krim, Abdallah
, 
Abdelkader Brahim

Abdelkader Brahim

Laboratory of Materials Sciences and Environment, UHBC Chlef UniversityChlef, Algeria
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Brahim, Abdelkader
 und 
Ahmed Arab

Ahmed Arab

Laboratory of Materials Sciences and Environment, UHBC Chlef UniversityChlef, Algeria
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Arab, Ahmed
  
19. März 2020
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Artikel-Kategorie: Research Article
Online veröffentlicht: 19. März 2020
Seitenbereich: 18 - 35
Eingereicht: 24. Dez. 2018
Akzeptiert: 27. Aug. 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/sgem-2019-0027
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© 2020 Djamel Bouri et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

Figure 1

Grain size distribution curves of tested materials: (a) Sand and silt, (b) Sand-silt mixtures.
Grain size distribution curves of tested materials: (a) Sand and silt, (b) Sand-silt mixtures.

Figure 2

Materials used in this study: (a) fines content, (b) clean sand, (c) samples prepared by dry deposition sand-silt mixtures.
Materials used in this study: (a) fines content, (b) clean sand, (c) samples prepared by dry deposition sand-silt mixtures.

Figure 3

Samples prepared by wet deposition: (a) clean sand, (b) sand-silt mixtures.
Samples prepared by wet deposition: (a) clean sand, (b) sand-silt mixtures.

Figure 4

Effect of fines content on the mechanical behaviour of sand-silt mixtures (RD = 65%, σn = 100 kPa): (a) variation of the shear strength versus horizontal displacement, (b) variation of vertical displacement versus horizontal displacement.
Effect of fines content on the mechanical behaviour of sand-silt mixtures (RD = 65%, σn = 100 kPa): (a) variation of the shear strength versus horizontal displacement, (b) variation of vertical displacement versus horizontal displacement.

Figure 5

Effect of fines content on the mechanical behaviour of sand-silt mixtures (RD = 65%, σn = 200 kPa): (a) variation of the shear strength versus horizontal displacement, (b) variation of vertical displacement versus horizontal displacement.
Effect of fines content on the mechanical behaviour of sand-silt mixtures (RD = 65%, σn = 200 kPa): (a) variation of the shear strength versus horizontal displacement, (b) variation of vertical displacement versus horizontal displacement.

Figure 6

Effect of fines content on the mechanical behaviour of sand-silt mixtures (RD = 65%, σn = 400 kPa): (a) variation of the shear strength versus horizontal displacement, (b) variation of vertical displacement versus horizontal displacement.
Effect of fines content on the mechanical behaviour of sand-silt mixtures (RD = 65%, σn = 400 kPa): (a) variation of the shear strength versus horizontal displacement, (b) variation of vertical displacement versus horizontal displacement.

Figure 7

Effect of fines content on the mechanical behaviour of sand-silt mixtures (RD = 80%, σn = 100 kPa): (a) variation of the shear strength versus horizontal displacement, (b) variation of vertical displacement versus horizontal displacement.
Effect of fines content on the mechanical behaviour of sand-silt mixtures (RD = 80%, σn = 100 kPa): (a) variation of the shear strength versus horizontal displacement, (b) variation of vertical displacement versus horizontal displacement.

Figure 8

Effect of fines content on the mechanical behaviour of sand-silt mixtures (RD = 80%, σn = 200 kPa): (a) variation of the shear strength versus horizontal displacement, (b) variation of vertical displacement versus horizontal displacemen.
Effect of fines content on the mechanical behaviour of sand-silt mixtures (RD = 80%, σn = 200 kPa): (a) variation of the shear strength versus horizontal displacement, (b) variation of vertical displacement versus horizontal displacemen.

Figure 9

Effect of fines content on the mechanical behaviour of sand-silt mixtures (RD = 80%, σn = 400 kPa): (a) variation of the shear strength versus horizontal displacement, (b) variation of vertical displacement versus horizontal displacement.
Effect of fines content on the mechanical behaviour of sand-silt mixtures (RD = 80%, σn = 400 kPa): (a) variation of the shear strength versus horizontal displacement, (b) variation of vertical displacement versus horizontal displacement.

Figure 10

Effect of fines content on the mechanical behaviour of sand: Maximum shear stress versus normal stress.
Effect of fines content on the mechanical behaviour of sand: Maximum shear stress versus normal stress.

Figure 11

Effect the fines content on the mechanical characteristics of (clean) sand, (a) cohesion versus fines content, (b) friction angle versus fines content.
Effect the fines content on the mechanical characteristics of (clean) sand, (a) cohesion versus fines content, (b) friction angle versus fines content.

Figure 12

Effect of water content on the mechanical behaviour of clean sand (RD = 65%, σn = 200 kPa): (a) variation of the shear strength versus horizontal displacement, (b) variation of vertical displacement versus horizontal displacement.
Effect of water content on the mechanical behaviour of clean sand (RD = 65%, σn = 200 kPa): (a) variation of the shear strength versus horizontal displacement, (b) variation of vertical displacement versus horizontal displacement.

Figure 13

Effect of water content on the mechanical behaviour of clean sand (RD = 80%, σn = 200 kPa): (a) variation of the shear strength versus horizontal displacement, (b) variation of vertical displacement versus horizontal displacement.
Effect of water content on the mechanical behaviour of clean sand (RD = 80%, σn = 200 kPa): (a) variation of the shear strength versus horizontal displacement, (b) variation of vertical displacement versus horizontal displacement.

Figure 14

Effect of water content on the mechanical behaviour of clean sand: Maximum shear stress versus normal stress.
Effect of water content on the mechanical behaviour of clean sand: Maximum shear stress versus normal stress.

Figure 15

Effect of water content on the friction angle versus water content of clean sand.
Effect of water content on the friction angle versus water content of clean sand.

Figure 16

Effect of water content on the mechanical behaviour of clean sand: (a) RD = 65%, (b) RD = 80%.
Effect of water content on the mechanical behaviour of clean sand: (a) RD = 65%, (b) RD = 80%.

Figure 17

Effect of fines content on the mechanical behaviour of sand-silt mixtures (RD = 65%, σn = 100 kPa): (a) variation of the shear strength versus horizontal displacement (w = 3%), (b) variation of the shear strength versus horizontal displacement (w = 0%).
Effect of fines content on the mechanical behaviour of sand-silt mixtures (RD = 65%, σn = 100 kPa): (a) variation of the shear strength versus horizontal displacement (w = 3%), (b) variation of the shear strength versus horizontal displacement (w = 0%).

Figure 18

Effect of fines content on the mechanical behaviour of sand-silt mixtures (RD = 65%, σn = 400 kPa): (a) variation of vertical displacement versus horizontal displacement (w = 3%), (b) variation of vertical displacement versus horizontal displacement (w = 0%)
Effect of fines content on the mechanical behaviour of sand-silt mixtures (RD = 65%, σn = 400 kPa): (a) variation of vertical displacement versus horizontal displacement (w = 3%), (b) variation of vertical displacement versus horizontal displacement (w = 0%)

Figure 19

Effect of fines content on the mechanical behaviour of sand-silt mixtures (RD = 80%, σn = 100 kPa): (a) variation of the shear strength versus horizontal displacement (w = 3%), (b) variation of the shear strength versus horizontal displacement (w = 0%).
Effect of fines content on the mechanical behaviour of sand-silt mixtures (RD = 80%, σn = 100 kPa): (a) variation of the shear strength versus horizontal displacement (w = 3%), (b) variation of the shear strength versus horizontal displacement (w = 0%).

Figure 20

Effect of fines content on the mechanical behaviour of sand-silt mixtures (RD = 80%, σn = 400 kPa): (a) variation of vertical displacement versus horizontal displacement (w = 3%), (b) variation of vertical displacement versus horizontal displacement (w = 0%)
Effect of fines content on the mechanical behaviour of sand-silt mixtures (RD = 80%, σn = 400 kPa): (a) variation of vertical displacement versus horizontal displacement (w = 3%), (b) variation of vertical displacement versus horizontal displacement (w = 0%)

Figure 21

Effect of fines content on the mechanical behaviour of sand-silt mixtures: Maximum shear stress versus normal stress (w = 3%).
Effect of fines content on the mechanical behaviour of sand-silt mixtures: Maximum shear stress versus normal stress (w = 3%).

Figure 22

Effect of depositional method on the mechanical behaviour of clean sand: (a) RD = 65%, (b) RD = 80%.
Effect of depositional method on the mechanical behaviour of clean sand: (a) RD = 65%, (b) RD = 80%.

Figure 23

Effect of the depositional method on the mechanical behaviour of clean sand: (a) variation of the shear strength versus horizontal displacement (RD = 65%), (b) variation of the shear strength versus horizontal displacement (RD = 80%).
Effect of the depositional method on the mechanical behaviour of clean sand: (a) variation of the shear strength versus horizontal displacement (RD = 65%), (b) variation of the shear strength versus horizontal displacement (RD = 80%).

Chemical analysis of tested materials [3]_

Composition (%)Chlef sandChlef silt
Fire loss14.3410.85
Total Silica (SiO2)55.8948.95
Alumina (Al2O3)5.5834.08
Oxide of iron (Fe2O3)7.581.43
Oxide of titane (TiO2)0.000.00
Lime (CaO)15.420.20
Magnesia (MgO).0.000.42
Potash (K2O)Traces2.26
Oxide of sodium (Na2O)Traces0.06
Sulfates SO40.280.00
Chlorides CL-Solubles in water0.140.00
Carbonates CaCO324.600.00
Insolubles0.530.00
Organic materials0.000.00

Coefficients A, B and R2 for equation (3) (RD = 80%)_

sn (kPa)Preparation methodABR2
100Air pluviation (AP)−0.35193.8260.97
200−1.325213.470.98
400−2.366377.460.99
100Moist tamping (MT)−0.10674.9320.88
200−0.214160.20.98
400−0.860304.740.91

Coefficients A, B and R2 for equation (2)_

sn (kPa)RD (%)ABR2
10065−5.22188.8690.94
200−12.52183.330.90
400−20.73345.970.89
10080−6.8394.1530.98
200−15.94203.420.87
400−25.48370.260.90

Cohesion and friction angle for test result_

Materialw (%)RD (%)c (kPa)j (°)
Clean sand065041.67
85044.13
165038.66
80039.69
265036.50
80038.31
365036.13
80037.23

Cohesion and friction angle for tests result_

MaterialFc (%)RD (%)c (kPa)j (°)
Clean sand065041.67
85044.13
10659.1339.01
8015.3340.36
Sand-silt mixtures206511.2037.23
8015.8838.66
306513.5435.37
8017.1735.75
406515.0933.82
8018.8634.05

Index properties of sand-silt mixtures_

MaterialsFc (%)GsD10 (mm)D50 (mm)CuCceminemax
Clean sand02.6500.170.412.821.100.6230.848
102.6530.080.385.281.700.4870.811
Sand-silt mixtures202.6560.040.339.801.920.4550.776
302.6590.030.3213.310.840.4210.749
402.6620.020.2515.170.010.4890.803
Chlef silt1002.667-0.03--0.5930.783

Coefficients A, B and R2 for equation (3) (RD = 65%)_

sn (kPa)Preparation methodABR2
100Air pluviation (AP)−0.27488.40.93
200−0.875188.680.99
400−1.823350.920.99
100Moist tamping (MT)−0.17973.7940.92
200−0.400151.710.90
400−1.024292.670.99
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