The Energy Efficiency Gap in Turkish Maritime Transportation

1. Acciaro, M., Hoffmann, P.N., Eide, M.S., 2013. The energy efficiency gap in maritime transport. Journal of Shipping and Ocean Engineering. 3(2013), 1-10.Search in Google Scholar

2. Adland, R., Cariou, P., Jia, H., Wolff, F.C., 2018. The energy efficiency effects of periodic ship hull cleaning. J. Clean. Prod. 178, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.12.247.10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.12.247Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

3. Bedford, F., Rutland, C., Dittrich, P., Raab, A., Wirbeleit, F., 2000. Effects of direct water injection on DI diesel engine combustion. No. 2000-01-2938. SAE Technical Paper.10.4271/2000-01-2938Search in Google Scholar

4. Bergmann, A., Rotzek, J.N., Wetzel, M., Guenther, E., 2017. Hang the low-hanging fruit even lower - evidence that energy efficiency matters for corporate financial performance. Journal of Cleaner Production 147(2017), 66-74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.01.074.10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.01.074Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

5. Boylston, J.W., 2011. LNG as a fuel for vessels some design notes. http://leg.wa.gov/JTC/Documents/Studies/LNG/LNGFuelDesignNotes_060911.pdf. (Accessed 20 October 2017)Search in Google Scholar

6. Buhaug, O., Corbett, J.J., Eyring, V., Endresen, O., Faber, J., Hanayama, S., Lee, D.S., Lee, D., Lindstad, H., Markowska, A.Z., Mjelde, A., Nelissen, D., Nilsen, J., Palsson, C., Wanquing, W., Winebrake, J.J., Yoshida, K., 2009. Prevention of air pollution from ships - Second IMO GHG Study. MEPC 59/INF.10. International Maritime Organization, London, UK.Search in Google Scholar

7. Chryssakis, C., Balland, O., Tvete, H.A., Brandsæter, A., 2014. Alternative fuels for shipping chain. Position paper: 17-2014. https://transportemaritimoglobal.files.wordpress.com/2014/01/dnv-gl-alternative-fuel-2014-positionpaper.pdf. (Accessed 09 November 2017)Search in Google Scholar

8. Deal, A.L., 2013. Liquefied natural gas as a marine fuel. NEPI Working Paper. http://www.glmri.org/downloads/lngMisc/NEPI%20LNG%20as%20a%20Marine%20Fuel%205-7-13.pdf. (Accessed 18 October 2017)Search in Google Scholar

9. DeCanio, S.J., Watkins, W.E., 1998. Investment in energy efficiency: do the characteristics of firms matter? The review of economics and statistics. 80(1), 95-107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/003465398557366.10.1162/003465398557366Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

10. DNV GL, 2019. Current price development oil and gas. https://www.dnvgl.com/maritime/lng/current-price-development-oil-and-gas.html. (Accessed 12 March 2019)Search in Google Scholar

11. Eide, M.S., Longva, T., Hoffmann, P., Endresen Ø., Dalsøren, S.B., 2011. Future cost scenarios for reduction of ship CO2 emissions. Maritime Policy & Management, 38(1), 11-37. https://doi.org/10.1080/03088839.2010.533711.10.1080/03088839.2010.533711Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

12. Fridell, E., Winnes, H., Styhre, L., 2013. Measures to improve energy efficiency in shipping. FAL Bulletin, 324(8). http://www.transportportal.se/energieffektivitet/measures%20to%20improve%20energy%20efficiency%20in%20shipping.pdf. (Accessed 09 May 2017)Search in Google Scholar

13. Genesis Energy, 2010. Solar energy. http://www.electrocity.co.nz/images/factsheets/solar%20energy.pdf. (Accessed 12 November 2017)Search in Google Scholar

14. Gromicko, N., 2012. Disadvantages of Solar Energy. https://www.nachi.org/disadvantages-solar-energy.htm. (Accessed 12 November 2017)Search in Google Scholar

15. Gupta, P., Anand, S., Gupta, H., 2017. Developing a roadmap to overcome barriers to energy efficiency in buildings using best worst method. Sustainable Cities and Society, 31(2017), 244–259. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2017.02.005.10.1016/j.scs.2017.02.005Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

16. Hoeven, V.D.M., 2011. Solar energy perspectives. https://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/solar_energy_perspectives2011.pdf. (Accessed 12 November 2017)Search in Google Scholar

17. IMO, 2014. Third IMO GHG study 2014: executive summary and final report. http://www.imo.org/en/OurWork/Environment/PollutionPrevention/AirPollution/Documents/Third%20Greenhouse%20Gas%20Study/GHG3%20Executive%20Summary%20and%20Report.pdf. (Accessed 15 October 2017)Search in Google Scholar

18. IMO, 2017. MARPOL73-78: brief history - list of amendments to date and where to find them. http://www.imo.org/en/KnowledgeCentre/ReferencesAndArchives/HistoryofMARPOL/Documents/MARPOL%2073-78%20Brief%20History%20-%20List%20of%20amendments%20and%20how%20to%20find%20them.htm. (Accessed 04 January 2018)Search in Google Scholar

19. IMO, 2019. Energy efficiency measures. http://www.imo.org/en/OurWork/Environment/PollutionPrevention/AirPollution/Pages/Technical-and-Operational-Measures.aspx. (Accessed 13 March 2019)Search in Google Scholar

20. International Gas Union, 2015. World LNG report-2015 edition. http://www.igu.org/sites/default/files/node-page-field_file/IGUWorld%20LNG%20Report-2015%20Edition.pdf. (Accessed 14 November 2017)Search in Google Scholar

21. International Renewable Energy Agency, 2012. Wind power. https://www.irena.org/DocumentDownloads/Publications/RE_Technologies_Cost_Analysis-WIND_POWER.pdf. (Accessed 11 November 2017)Search in Google Scholar

22. Jafarzadeh, S., Utne, I.B., 2014. A framework to bridge the energy efficiency gap in shipping. Energy 69(2014), 603-612. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2014.03.056.10.1016/j.energy.2014.03.056Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

23. Johnson, H., Andersson, K., 2011. The energy efficiency gap in shipping: barriers to improvement. Paper presented at International Association of Maritime Economists (IAME) 2011 Annual Conference, Santiago de Chile.Search in Google Scholar

24. Johnson, H., Johansson, M., Andersson, K., 2014. Barriers to improving energy efficiency in short sea shipping: an action research case study. Journal of Cleaner Production 66(2014), 317-327. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.10.046.10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.10.046Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

25. Karvonen, M., Kapoor, R., Uusitalo, A., Ojanen, V., 2016. Technology competition in the internal combustion engine waste heat recovery: A patent landscape analysis. J. Clean. Prod. 112, 3735–3743. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.06.031.10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.06.031Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

26. Klemick, H., Wolverton, A., 2013. Energy-efficiency gap. In Encyclopedia of Energy, Natural Resource, and Environmental Economics, ed. Jason Shogren, 74-81.10.1016/B978-0-12-375067-9.00069-3Search in Google Scholar

27. Kristensen, H.O., 2012. Energy demand and exhaust gas emissions of marine engines. Clean Shipping Currents, 1(6), 18-26.Search in Google Scholar

28. Larsen, U., Pierobon, L., Haglind, F., Gabrielii, C., 2013. Design and optimisation of organic Rankine cycles for waste heat recovery in marine applications using the principles of natural selection. Energy 55, 803–812. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2013.03.021.10.1016/j.energy.2013.03.021Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

29. Lele, A., Rao, K.V.S. 2016. Ship propulsion strategies by using wind energy. In 2016 International Conference on Emerging Technological Trends (ICETT) (pp. 1-6). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICETT.2016.787369310.1109/ICETT.2016.7873693Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

30. Marine Pollution Annex VI 2018 EEDI and SEEMP https://www.marpol-annex-vi.com/eedi-seemp/ (Accessed 19 February 2019)Search in Google Scholar

31. Manrique, R., Vásquez, D., Vallejo, G., Chejne F., Amell, A.A., Herrera, B., 2018. Analysis of barriers to the implementation of energy efficiency actions in the production of ceramics in Colombia. Energy 143(2018), 575-584. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2017.11.023.10.1016/j.energy.2017.11.023Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

32. Mickwitz, P., Hyvättinen, H., Kivimaa, P., 2008. The role of policy instruments in the innovation and diffusion of environmentally friendlier technologies: popular claims versus case study experiences. Journal of Cleaner Production 16S1 (2008), 162-170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2007.10.012.10.1016/j.jclepro.2007.10.012Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

33. Ministry of Transport, Maritime Affairs and Communications (Ulaştırma, Denizcilik ve Haberleşme Bakanlığı), 2017. 1978 Protokolü ile Değişik, 1973 Tarihli Denizlerin Gemiler Tarafından Kirletilmesinin Önlenmesine Ait Uluslararası Sözleşme (MARPOL 73/78). http://imo.udhb.gov.tr/TR/19Marpol.aspx. (Accessed 05 November 2017).Search in Google Scholar

34. Nehler, T., Rasmussen, J., 2016. How do firms consider non-energy benefits? empirical findings on energy-efficiency investments in Swedish industry. Journal of Cleaner Production 113(2016), 472-482. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.11.070.10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.11.070Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

35. Pearson, K., 1895. Notes on regression and inheritance in the case of two parents. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. 58, 240–242.10.1098/rspl.1895.0041Search in Google Scholar

36. Polzin, F., 2017. Mobilizing private finance for low-carbon innovation – a systematic review of barriers and solutions. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 77(2017), 525–535. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2017.04.00710.1016/j.rser.2017.04.007Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

37. Poulsen, R.T., Sornn-Friese, H., 2015. Achieving energy efficient ship operations under third party management: How do ship management models influence energy efficiency? Research in Transportation Business & Management 17(2015), 41–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rtbm.2015.10.00110.1016/j.rtbm.2015.10.001Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

38. Reddy, B.S., 2003. Overcoming the energy efficiency gap in India’s household sector. Energy Policy 31(2003), 1117–1127. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0301-4215(02)00220-3.10.1016/S0301-4215(02)00220-3Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

39. Rehmatullaa, N., Calleyab, J., Smith, T., 2017. The implementation of technical energy efficiency and CO2 emission reduction measures in shipping. Ocean Engineering 139(2017) 184–197. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2017.04.029.10.1016/j.oceaneng.2017.04.029Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

40. Ruan, Y., Hang, C.C., Wang, Y.M., 2014. Government’s role in disruptive innovation and industry emergence: the case of the electric bike in China. Technovation 34(2014), 785–796. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2014.09.003.10.1016/j.technovation.2014.09.003Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

41. Styhre, L., Winnes, H., 2013. Energy efficient shipping – between research and implementation. Paper presented at IAME2013 Conference, Marseille, France.Search in Google Scholar

42. Thollander, P., Ottosson, M., 2008. An energy efficient Swedish pulp and paper industry-exploring barriers to and driving forces for cost-effective energy efficiency investments. Energy Efficiency 1(1), 21-34. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12053-007-9001-7.10.1007/s12053-007-9001-7Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

43. Thomson, P.B., 1997. Evaluating energy efficiency investments: accounting for risk in the discounting process. Energy Policy, 25(12), 989-996. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0301-4215(97)00125-0.10.1016/S0301-4215(97)00125-0Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

44. Trianni, A., Cagno, E., 2012. Dealing with barriers to energy efficiency and SMEs: Some empirical evidences. Energy 37(2012), 494-504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2011.11.005.10.1016/j.energy.2011.11.005Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

45. Wärtsilä Encyclopedia of Marine Technology, 2017. Direct Water Injection (DWI). https://www.wartsila.com/encyclopedia/term/direct-water-injection-(dwi). (Accessed 19 December 2017)Search in Google Scholar

46. Ycharts, 2019. Henry hub natural gas spot price chart. https://ycharts.com/indicators/natural_gas_spot_price. (Accessed 12 March 2019)Search in Google Scholar

47. Yoon, B., Shin, J., Lee, S., 2018. Technology assessment model for sustainable development of LNG terminals. J. Clean. Prod. 172, 927–937. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.10.187.10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.10.187Open DOISearch in Google Scholar