Physical Activity Using Social Media During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Perceptions of Sports Science Students

Abeza, G., O’Reilly, N., Séguin, B., & Nzindukiyimana, O. (2015). Social media Scholarship in Sport Management Research: A Critical Review. Journal of Sport Management, 29(6), 601-618. https://doi.org/10.1123/JSM.2014-029610.1123/JSM.2014-0296 Search in Google Scholar

Adams, B., Raes, A., Montrieux, H., & Schellens, T. (2018). “Pedagogical tweeting” in higher education: Boon or bane? International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 15(1), 19. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-018-0102-510.1186/s41239-018-0102-5 Search in Google Scholar

Angosto, S., García-Fernández, J., Valantine, I., & Grimaldi-Puyana, M. (2020). The intention to use fitness and physical activity apps: a systematic review. Sustainability, 12(16), 6641. https://doi.org/10.3390/su1216664110.3390/su12166641 Search in Google Scholar

Baccarella, C. V., Wagner, T. F., Kietzmann, J. H., & McCarthy, I. P. (2018). Social media? It’s serious! Understanding the dark side of social media. European Management Journal, 36(4), 431-438. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2018.07.00210.1016/j.emj.2018.07.002 Search in Google Scholar

Bailin, A., Milanaik, R., & Adesman, A. (2014). Health implications of new age technologies for adolescents. Current Opinion in Pediatrics, 26(5), 605-619. https://doi:10.1097/mop.000000000000014010.1097/MOP.000000000000014025160783 Search in Google Scholar

Barkley, J. E., Lepp, A., Santo, A., Glickman, E., & Dowdell, B. (2020). The relationship between fitness app use and physical activity behavior is mediated by exercise identity. Computers in Human Behavior, 108, 106313. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2020.10631310.1016/j.chb.2020.106313 Search in Google Scholar

Bergier, J., Bergier, B., & Tsos, A. (2016). Variations in physical activity of male and female students from different countries. Iranian Journal of Public Health, 45(5), 705-707. Search in Google Scholar

Constandt, B., Thibaut, E., De Bosscher, V., Scheerder, J., Ricour, M., & Willem, A. (2020). Exercising in times of lock-down: An analysis of the impact of COVID-19 on levels and patterns of exercise among adults in Belgium. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(11), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph1711414410.3390/ijerph17114144731251232532013 Search in Google Scholar

Coughlin, S. S., Caplan, L. S., & Williams, V. (2019). Home-based physical activity interventions for breast cancer patients receiving primary therapy: A systematic review. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment, 178(3), 513-522. https://doi:10.1007/s10549-019-05424-410.1007/s10549-019-05424-431493034 Search in Google Scholar

Dinning, T. (2017). Preparing sports graduates for employment: Satisfying employers expectations. Higher Education, Skills and Work-Based Learning, 7(4), 354-368. https://doi.org/10.1108/HESWBL-02-2017-001710.1108/HESWBL-02-2017-0017 Search in Google Scholar

Dwivedi, Y. K., Hughes, D. L., Coombs, C., Constantiou, I., Duan, Y., Edwards, J. S., Gupta, B., Lal, B., Misra, S., Prashant, P., Raman, R., Rana, N.P., Sharma, S.K., & Upadhyay, N. (2020). Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on information management research and practice: Transforming education, work and life. International Journal of Information Management, 55, 102211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2020.10221110.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2020.102211 Search in Google Scholar

Elhai, J. D., Yang, H., McKay, D., & Asmundson, G. J. (2020). COVID-19 anxiety symptoms associated with problematic smartphone use severity in Chinese adults. Journal of Affective Disorders, 274, 576-582. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.05.08010.1016/j.jad.2020.05.080725136032663990 Search in Google Scholar

Evans, A. B., Blackwell, J., Dolan, P., Fahlén, J., Hoekman, R., Lenneis, V., McNarry, G., Smith, M., & Wilcock, L. (2020). Sport in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic: Towards an agenda for research in the sociology of sport. European Journal for Sport and Society, 17(2), 85-95. https://doi.org/10.1080/16138171.2020.176510010.1080/16138171.2020.1765100 Search in Google Scholar

Evans, C. (2014). Twitter for teaching: can social media be used to enhance the process of learning? British Journal of Educational Technology, 45(5), 902-915. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.1209910.1111/bjet.12099 Search in Google Scholar

Filo, K., Lock, D., & Karg, A. (2015). Sport and social media research: A review. Sport Management Review, 18(2), 166-181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smr.2014.11.00110.1016/j.smr.2014.11.001 Search in Google Scholar

Flynn, A., Allen, N. E., Dennis, S., Canning, C. G., & Preston, E. (2019). Home-based prescribed exercise improves balance-related activities in people with Parkinson’s disease and has benefits similar to centre-based exercise: A systematic review. Journal of Physiotherapy, 65(4), 189-199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphys.2019.08.00310.1016/j.jphys.2019.08.00331521554 Search in Google Scholar

Gao, Z., & Lee, J. E. (2019). Emerging technology in promoting physical activity and health: challenges and opportunities. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 8(11), 1830. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm811183010.3390/jcm8111830691237831683951 Search in Google Scholar

Garay, B., Elcoroaristizabal, E., Vizcarra, M. T., Prat, M., Serra, P., & Soler, S. (2018). ¿Existe sesgo de género en los estudios de ciencias de la actividad física y el deporte? Retos, 34, 150-154. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v0i34.5884610.47197/retos.v0i34.58846 Search in Google Scholar

Goethals, L., Barth, N., Guyot, J., Hupin, D., Celarier, T., & Bongue, B. (2020). Impact of home quarantine on physical activity among older adults living at home during the COVID-19 pandemic: Qualitative interview study. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 3(1), e19007. https://doi:10.2196/1900710.2196/19007720701332356777 Search in Google Scholar

Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E., & Tatham, R. (2006). Multivariate data analysis. Pearson University Press. Search in Google Scholar

Hammami, A., Harrabi, B., Mohr, M., & Krustrup, P. (2020). Physical activity and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): specific recommendations for home-based physical training. Managing Sport and Leisure, 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1080/23750472.2020.175749410.1080/23750472.2020.1757494 Search in Google Scholar

Hands, B., Parker, H., Larkin, D., Cantell, M., & Rose, E. (2016). Male and female differences in health benefits derived from physical activity: implications for exercise prescription. Journal of Womens Health, Issues and Care, 5(4), 1000238. https://doi.org/10.4172/2325-9795.100023810.4172/2325-9795.1000238 Search in Google Scholar

Hayes, M. (2020). Social media and inspiring physical activity during COVID-19 and beyond. Managing Sport and Leisure, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1080/23750472.2020.179493910.1080/23750472.2020.1794939 Search in Google Scholar

Kaplan, A. M., & Haenlein, M. (2010). Users of the world, unite! The challenges and opportunities of social media. Business Horizons, 53(1), 59-68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2009.09.00310.1016/j.bushor.2009.09.003 Search in Google Scholar

Lloret-Segura, S., Ferreres-Traver, A., Hernández-Baeza, A., & Tomás-Marco, I. (2014). Exploratory item factor analysis: a practical guide revised and updated. Anales de Psicología, 30(3), 1151-1169. https://doi.org/10.6018/analesps.30.3.19936110.6018/analesps.30.3.199361 Search in Google Scholar

López-Aguado, M., & Gutiérrez-Provecho, L. (2019). Cómo realizar e interpretar un análisis factorial exploratorio utilizando SPSS. REIRE Revista d’Innovació i Recerca en Educació, 12(2), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1344/reire2019.12.22705710.1344/reire2019.12.227057 Search in Google Scholar

Manca, S., & Ranieri, M. (2016a). Facebook and the others. Potentials and obstacles of Social Media for teaching in higher education. Computers & Education, 95, 216-230. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2016.01.01210.1016/j.compedu.2016.01.012 Search in Google Scholar

Manca, S., & Ranieri, M. (2016b). “Yes for sharing, no for teaching!”: Social media in academic practices. The Internet and Higher Education, 29, 63-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iheduc.2015.12.00410.1016/j.iheduc.2015.12.004 Search in Google Scholar

Manning, R., Keiper, M., & Jenny, S. (2017). Pedagogical innovations for the millennial sport management student: Socrative and Twitter. Sport Management Education Journal, 11(1), 45-54. https://doi.org/10.1123/smej.2016-001410.1123/smej.2016-0014 Search in Google Scholar

Mutz, M., Müller, J., & Reimers, A. K. (2021). Use of digital media for home-based sports activities during the COVID-19 pandemic: results from the German SPOVID survey. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(9), 4409. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph1809440910.3390/ijerph18094409812227433919180 Search in Google Scholar

Nabity-Grover, T., Cheung, C. M. K., & Thatcher, J. B. (2020). Inside out and outside in: How the COVID-19 pandemic affects self-disclosure on social media. International Journal of Information Management, 55, 102188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2020.10218810.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2020.102188732091632836645 Search in Google Scholar

Nicola, M., Alsafi, Z., Sohrabi, C., Kerwan, A., Al-Jabir, A., Iosifidis, C., Agha, M., & Agha, R. (2020). The socioeconomic implications of the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19): A review. International Journal of Surgery, 78, 185-193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.04.01810.1016/j.ijsu.2020.04.018716275332305533 Search in Google Scholar

Osgerby, J., & Rush, D. (2015). An exploratory case study examining undergraduate accounting students’ perceptions of using Twitter as a learning support tool. The International Journal of Management Education, 13(3), 337-348. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2015.10.00210.1016/j.ijme.2015.10.002 Search in Google Scholar

Ovide, S. (2021, July 1). How big tech won the pandemic. The New York Times. Retrieved 06.08.21. from: https://www.nytimes.com/2021/04/30/technology/big-tech-pandemic.html Search in Google Scholar

Parnell, D., Widdop, P., Bond, A., & Wilson, R. (2020). COVID-19, networks and sport. Managing Sport and Leisure, 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1080/23750472.2020.175010010.1080/23750472.2020.1750100 Search in Google Scholar

Pekmezi, D., Ainsworth, C., Joseph, R. P., Williams, V., Desmond, R., Meneses, K., Bess, M., & Demark-Wahnefried, W. (2017). Pilot trial of a home-based physical activity program for African American women. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 49(12), 2528-2536. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.000000000000137010.1249/MSS.0000000000001370568801328704343 Search in Google Scholar

Ratten, V. (2020). Coronavirus and international business: An entrepreneurial ecosystem perspective. Thunderbird International Business Review, 62(5), 629-634. https://doi.org/10.1002/tie.2216110.1002/tie.22161 Search in Google Scholar

Schnitzer, M., Schöttl, S. E., Kopp, M., & Barth, M. (2020). COVID-19 stay-at-home order in Tyrol, Austria: Sports and exercise behaviour in change? Public Health, 185, 218-220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2020.06.04210.1016/j.puhe.2020.06.042731892332659514 Search in Google Scholar

Shariat, A., Cleland, J. A., & Hakakzadeh, A. (2020). Home-based exercises during the COVID-19 quarantine situation for office workers: A commentary. Work, 66(2), 381-382. https://doi:10.3233/WOR-20319010.3233/WOR-20319032568164 Search in Google Scholar

Stanford, F. C., & Salles, A. (2021). Physician athletes promoting physical fitness through social media during the COVID-19 pandemic. Health Promotion Practice, 22(3), 295-297. https://doi.org/10.1177/152483992098826110.1177/152483992098826133467929 Search in Google Scholar

Stanton, R., To, Q. G., Khalesi, S., Williams, S. L., Alley, S. J., Thwaite, T. L., Fenning, A. S., & Vandelanotte, C. (2020). Depression, Anxiety and Stress during COVID-19: Associations with Changes in Physical Activity, Sleep, Tobacco and Alcohol Use in Australian Adults. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(11), 4065. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph1711406510.3390/ijerph17114065731290332517294 Search in Google Scholar

Storeng, K. T., & de Bengy Puyvallée, A. (2021). The smartphone pandemic: How big tech and public health authorities partner in the digital response to Covid-19. Global Public Health, 16(8-9), 1482-1498. https://doi.org/10.1080/17441692.2021.188253010.1080/17441692.2021.188253033602063 Search in Google Scholar

Su, Y., Baker, B. J., Doyle, J. P., & Yan, M. (2020). Fan engagement in 15 seconds: Athletes’ relationship marketing during a pandemic via TikTok. International Journal of Sport Communication, 13(3), 436-446. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsc.2020-023810.1123/ijsc.2020-0238 Search in Google Scholar

Tanaka, J.S., & Huba, G.H. (1989). A general coefficient of determination for covariance structure models under arbitrary GLS estimation. British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology, 42(2), 233-239. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8317.1989.tb00912.x10.1111/j.2044-8317.1989.tb00912.x Search in Google Scholar

Timmerman, M.E., & Lorenzo-Seva, U. (2011). Dimensionality assessment of ordered polytomous items with Parallel analysis. Psychological Methods, 16(2), 209-220. https://doi.org/10.1037/a002335310.1037/a002335321500916 Search in Google Scholar

Wackerhage, H., Everett, R., Krüger, K., Murgia, M., Simon, P., Gehlert, S., Neuberger, E., Baumert, P., & Schönfelder, M. (2020). Sport, exercise and COVID-19, the disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. Deutsche Zeitschrift Fur Sportmedizin, 71(5), E1-E11. https://doi:10.5960/dzsm.2020.44110.5960/dzsm.2020.441 Search in Google Scholar

We Are Social (2020). Digital around the world in April 2020. Retrieved 12.08.20. from: https://wearesocial.com/blog/2020/04/digital-around-the-world-in-april- Search in Google Scholar

World Health Organization. (2020a). Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): Weekly Epidemiological Update (25 April 2021). Retrieved 29.04.21. from: https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/weekly-epidemiological-update-on-covid-19---27-april-2021 Search in Google Scholar

World Health Organization (2020b). Mental health and psychosocial considerations during the COVID-19 outbreak. Retrieved 07.08.20. from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/mental-health-considerations.pdf?sfvrsn=6d3578af_2 Search in Google Scholar

World Medical Association. (2013). World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki: ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects. JAMA, 310(20), 2191-2194. https://doi:10.1001/jama.2013.28105310.1001/jama.2013.28105324141714 Search in Google Scholar

Yeo, T. J. (2020). Sport and exercise during and beyond the COVID-19 pandemic. European Journal of Preventive Cardiology, 27(12), 1239-1241. https://doi.org/10.1177/204748732093326010.1177/2047487320933260771732632539555 Search in Google Scholar

Yeo, S. (2021). Tech companies and public health care in the ruins of COVID. International Journal of Communication, 15, 1617-1636. Search in Google Scholar

Zachos, G., Paraskevopoulou-Kollia, E.-A., & Anagnostopoulos, I. (2018). Social media use in higher education: a review. Education Sciences, 8(4), 194. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci804019410.3390/educsci8040194 Search in Google Scholar