Energy-related carbon dioxide emission factors from combustion of gaseous methane fuels
, und | 31. Dez. 2023
Über diesen Artikel
Online veröffentlicht: 31. Dez. 2023
Seitenbereich: 92 - 104
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/oszn-2023-0014
Schlüsselwörter
© 2023 Iwona Kargulewicz et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.
Figure 1.
![Volumetric calorific value—Wu of natural gas in Poland: AV – average value, D – standard deviationSource: Own elaboration based on data from the GAS-SYSTEM database [GAS-SYSTEM 2023]](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/64726ab0215d2f6c89dc731c/j_oszn-2023-0014_fig_001.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Date=20240626T030820Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=18000&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKP25APDM2%2F20240626%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Signature=a162659f2c0e03eb3805ff5853fea1dfd893953dfe3c5bc2160cf411814ceab8)
Figure 2.
![Carbon dioxide emission factor from combustion of high-methane (HM) and nitrified natural gas (N)Source: Own elaboration based on data from [PGNiG 2023] and [GAS-SYSTEM 2023]](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/64726ab0215d2f6c89dc731c/j_oszn-2023-0014_fig_002.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Date=20240626T030820Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=18000&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKP25APDM2%2F20240626%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Signature=a4e8f07e485cdff90f8cae7e0480234c78383fb85f248d35de117ffcccfc1a86)
Figure 3.
![Energy-related carbon dioxide emission factor from combustion of high-methane (HM) and nitrified natural gas (N)Source: Own elaboration based on data from [PGNiG 2023] and [GAS-SYSTEM 2023]](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/64726ab0215d2f6c89dc731c/j_oszn-2023-0014_fig_003.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Date=20240626T030820Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=18000&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKP25APDM2%2F20240626%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Signature=096c9e4a8983f42e00993e552000f8bdfba36361a59b3e148024da0a6b71f8e9)
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Figure 13.
![Aggregated energy carbon dioxide emission factors – WEagr t for particular types of natural gas (HM, CG, and N) in Poland in 1988 – 2021 estimated on the basis of the plant-specific data reported under ETS. The values for 1988–2004 are the arithmetic means of the values for the years 2005–2016Source: Own elaboration based on data from [KOBiZE 2022]](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/64726ab0215d2f6c89dc731c/j_oszn-2023-0014_fig_013.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Date=20240626T030820Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=18000&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKP25APDM2%2F20240626%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Signature=5ea4db1ff73a72031bcefa143eb9aca41b1b27b1b31596d94be815ee06978fc0)
Figure 14.
![Aggregated energy carbon dioxide emission factors—WEagr s—for natural gas combustion in the sectors of energy and industry (E&I) as well as other sectors (O) in Poland in 1988–2021Source: Own elaboration based on data from [KOBiZE 2022] [GUS 1988–2022] [IEA 2022]](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/64726ab0215d2f6c89dc731c/j_oszn-2023-0014_fig_014.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Date=20240626T030820Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=18000&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKP25APDM2%2F20240626%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Signature=0ef9c653b90b98a9cde3d3b5c1fb072786dead5ef81280dea9e472c8e94e6716)
Data adopted for high-methane (HM) and nitrified natural gas (N) [PGNiG 2023]
| Wum | MJ/kg | 49.3 | 33.5 |
| WuV | MJ/m3 | 36.0 | 27.9 |
| ϱ | kg/m3 | 0.73 | 0.83 |
| uCH4 | - | 0.98 | 0.79 |
The data connected with the estimation of the carbon dioxide emission factor – WCO2 as well as energy carbon dioxide emission factor – WECO2 for high-methane (HM) and nitrified natural gas (N)
| mmNG | u | 16.36 | 18.66 |
| uCH4 | - | 0.98 | 0.79 |
| mCO2 | u | 43.03 | 34.76 |
| WCO2 | kg/kg | 2.63 | 1.86 |
| WECO2 | kg/GJ | 53.36 | 55.62 |
Aggregated energy carbon dioxide emission factors—WEagr s [kg/GJ] —for natural gas combustion in the sectors of energy and industry (E&I) as well as other sectors (O) in Poland in 2005–2021
| Energy and industry (E&I) | 54.85 | 54.84 | 55.06 | 55.36 | 55.41 | 55.33 | 55.32 | 55.37 | 55.63 |
| Other sectors (O) | 54.74 | 54.76 | 54.98 | 55.20 | 55.27 | 55.16 | 55.19 | 55.25 | 55.51 |
| Sectors | |||||||||
| Energy and industry (E&I) | 55.34 | 55.58 | 55.54 | 55.41 | 55.42 | 55.44 | 55.48 | 55.47 | |
| Other sectors (O) | 55.22 | 55.43 | 55.43 | 55.33 | 55.35 | 55.33 | 55.39 | 55.37 |
Types of natural gas [PGNiG 2023]
| Methane content | % V/V | 97.8 | 71.0 | 79.0 |
| Ethane, popane and butane content | % V/V | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Nitrogen content | % V/V | 1.0 | 27.0 | 19.5 |
| Carbon dioxide and residual content | % V/V | 0.2 | 1.0 | 0.5 |
| Combustion heat | MJ/m3 | 40.0 (no less than 34.0) | 27.9 (no less than 26.0) | 31.0 (no less than 30.0) |
Percentage share by volume of individual components in natural gas in Poland
| Methane | 94.56 | 5.874 |
| Nitrogen | 2.640 | 5.291 |
| Ethane | 1.963 | 1.356 |
| Propane | 0.362 | 0.249 |
| Carbon Dioxide | 0.247 | 0.251 |
| Oxygen | 0.002 | 0.040 |
Aggregated energy carbon dioxide emission factors—WEagr t [kg/GJ]—for individual types of natural gas in Poland in 2005–2021
| High-methane natural gas | 54.71 | 54.73 | 54.97 | 55.09 | 55.20 | 55.11 | 55.14 | 55.22 | 55.49 |
| Nitrified natural gas | 54.97 | 54.99 | 55.04 | 56.17 | 56.12 | 56.18 | 56.08 | 56.07 | 56.00 |
| Colliery gas | 57.24 | 56.20 | 56.72 | 57.81 | 57.21 | 57.87 | 57.01 | 56.95 | 57.91 |
| High-methane natural gas | 55.21 | 55.40 | 55.40 | 55.30 | 55.31 | 55.30 | 55.36 | 55.34 | |
| Nitrified natural gas | 55.53 | 56.03 | 55.99 | 55.82 | 56.01 | 56.04 | 56.05 | 56.11 | |
| Colliery gas | 57.39 | 56.94 | 57.64 | 57.50 | 56.02 | 58.24 | 57.86 | 58.03 |