Formula |
H2 |
CH4 |
C8H18 |
C8H20 |
Carbon content (mass%) |
0 |
75 |
84 |
86 |
Lower (net) heating value (MJ/kg) |
119.9 |
45.8 |
43.9 |
42.5 |
Density (at 1 bar & 273K; kg/m3) |
0.089 |
0.72 |
730–780 |
830 |
Volumetric energy content (at 1 bar & 273K; MJ/m3) |
10.7 |
33.0 |
33×103 |
35×103 |
Molecular weight [g/mol] |
2.016 |
16.043 |
~110 |
~170 |
Boiling point (K) |
20 |
111 |
298–488 |
453–633 |
Auto-ignition temperature (K) |
853 |
813 |
~623 |
~523 |
Minimum ignition energy (MJ) |
0.017 |
0.30 |
0.29 |
- |
Stechiometric Air/FurlRatio (kg) |
34.3 |
17.2 |
14.6 |
14.5 |
Quenching distance (at 1 bar & 298 K at stoichiometry; mm) |
0.64 |
2.1 |
~2 |
- |
Laminar flame speed in air (at 1 bar & 298 K at stoichiometry; m/s) |
1.85 |
0.38 |
0.37–0.43 |
0.37–0.43 |
Diffusion coefficient in air (at 1 bar & 273 K; m2/s) |
8.5×10−6 |
1.9×10−6 |
- |
- |
Combustible Range (%) |
4–75 |
5–15 |
1.3–7.1 |
0.6–5.5 |
Adiabatic flame temperature (at 1 bar & 298 K at stoichiometry; K) |
2480 |
2214 |
2580 |
~2300 |
Octane number (R+M)/2 |
130+ |
120+ |
86–94 |
- |
Cetane number |
- |
- |
13–17 |
40–55 |