<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

<p>Hydrogen is expected to be one of the most important fuels meeting stringent emission standards shortly. Using hydrogen as a fuel in an internal combustion engine (ICE) is an alternative application to replace hydrocarbon fuels that, when burned, produce harmful gases such as carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons, particulate matter, and greenhouse gases. This work provides an overview of the latest research results and future challenges and opportunities related to the use of hydrogen to power ICEs. The article presents the work of various research centres describing the technical use of hydrogen as a fuel in motor vehicles with combustion engines. Specific chemical and physical properties of hydrogen used in combustion engines were presented. The article presents modern research on a hydrogen-powered ICE. First, the basics of hydrogen engines are described, examining the engine-specific properties of hydrogen, followed by a review of the existing literature. Attention was paid to the fundamental importance of optimising the air composition from the point of view of combustion quality, NOx emissions, engine efficiency, and performance. Another issue under consideration is cleaning exhaust gases to meet future emissions regulations for hydrogen-fuelled combustion engines.</p>
</abstract>

Hydrogen is expected to be one of the most important fuels meeting stringent emission standards shortly. Using hydrogen as a fuel in an internal combustion engine (ICE) is an alternative application to replace hydrocarbon fuels that, when burned, produce harmful gases such as carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons, particulate matter, and greenhouse gases. This work provides an overview of the latest research results and future challenges and opportunities related to the use of hydrogen to power ICEs. The article presents the work of various research centres describing the technical use of hydrogen as a fuel in motor vehicles with combustion engines. Specific chemical and physical properties of hydrogen used in combustion engines were presented. The article presents modern research on a hydrogen-powered ICE. First, the basics of hydrogen engines are described, examining the engine-specific properties of hydrogen, followed by a review of the existing literature. Attention was paid to the fundamental importance of optimising the air composition from the point of view of combustion quality, NOx emissions, engine efficiency, and performance. Another issue under consideration is cleaning exhaust gases to meet future emissions regulations for hydrogen-fuelled combustion engines.

The use of hydrogen as a fuel in road transport on the Polish path to climate neutrality - a literature review

Faculty of Automotive and Construction Machinery Engineering

Environmental Protection and Natural Resources

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Hydrogen is expected to be one of the most important fuels meeting stringent emission standards shortly. Using hydrogen as a fuel in an internal combustion...

Property	Hydrogen	Methane	Gasoline	Diesel
Formula	H₂	CH₄	C₈H₁₈	C₈H₂₀
Carbon content (mass%)	0	75	84	86
Lower (net) heating value (MJ/kg)	119.9	45.8	43.9	42.5
Density (at 1 bar & 273K; kg/m³)	0.089	0.72	730–780	830
Volumetric energy content (at 1 bar & 273K; MJ/m³)	10.7	33.0	33×10³	35×10³
Molecular weight [g/mol]	2.016	16.043	~110	~170
Boiling point (K)	20	111	298–488	453–633
Auto-ignition temperature (K)	853	813	~623	~523
Minimum ignition energy (MJ)	0.017	0.30	0.29	-
Stechiometric Air/FurlRatio (kg)	34.3	17.2	14.6	14.5
Quenching distance (at 1 bar & 298 K at stoichiometry; mm)	0.64	2.1	~2	-
Laminar flame speed in air (at 1 bar & 298 K at stoichiometry; m/s)	1.85	0.38	0.37–0.43	0.37–0.43
Diffusion coefficient in air (at 1 bar & 273 K; m²/s)	8.5×10⁻⁶	1.9×10⁻⁶	-	-
Combustible Range (%)	4–75	5–15	1.3–7.1	0.6–5.5
Adiabatic flame temperature (at 1 bar & 298 K at stoichiometry; K)	2480	2214	2580	~2300
Octane number (R+M)/2	130+	120+	86–94	-
Cetane number	-	-	13–17	40–55

The use of hydrogen as a fuel in road transport on the Polish path to climate neutrality - a literature review

Online veröffentlicht: 31. Dez. 2023

Seitenbereich: 11 - 20

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/oszn-2023-0013

Schlüsselwörter
internal combustion engine, alternative fuel, hydrogen, emissions

© 2023 Magdalena Zimakowska-Laskowska et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Figure 1.

Hydrogen properties compared with gasoline, diesel and methane [Ciniviz et al. 2012, Stępień et al. 2021, Stępień 2021]

The use of hydrogen as a fuel in road transport on the Polish path to climate neutrality - a literature review

Online veröffentlicht: 31. Dez. 2023

Seitenbereich: 11 - 20

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/oszn-2023-0013

Schlüsselwörterinternal combustion engine, alternative fuel, hydrogen, emissions

© 2023 Magdalena Zimakowska-Laskowska et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Figure 1.

Hydrogen properties compared with gasoline, diesel and methane [Ciniviz et al. 2012, Stępień et al. 2021, Stępień 2021]

Schlüsselwörter
internal combustion engine, alternative fuel, hydrogen, emissions