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Determination of uranium concentration in blood samples of women with breast cancer in Babylon Province of Iraq using CR-39 nuclear track detector

Haider O. Essa
Haider O. Essa
, 
Khalid H. H. Al-Attiyah
Khalid H. H. Al-Attiyah
 und 
Anees A. Al-Hamzawi
Anees A. Al-Hamzawi
   | 29. Juni 2024
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Article Category: Original Paper
Online veröffentlicht: 29. Juni 2024
Seitenbereich: 143 - 149
Eingereicht: 06. Aug. 2023
Akzeptiert: 20. Feb. 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/nuka-2024-0021
Schlüsselwörter
© 2024 Haider O. Essa et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Fig. 1.

The preparation of blood samples.
The preparation of blood samples.

Fig. 2.

Samples and detectors are exposed to a neutron flux [19].
Samples and detectors are exposed to a neutron flux [19].

Fig. 3.

(a) The nuclear tracks on the CR-39 detector captured under a microscope for healthy women. (b) The nuclear tracks on the CR-39 detector captured under a microscope for patient women.
(a) The nuclear tracks on the CR-39 detector captured under a microscope for healthy women. (b) The nuclear tracks on the CR-39 detector captured under a microscope for patient women.

Fig. 4.

The relationship between the uranium concentration of the standard blood samples and track density [24].
The relationship between the uranium concentration of the standard blood samples and track density [24].

Fig. 5.

Mean uranium concentrations in healthy and cancer patients groups.
Mean uranium concentrations in healthy and cancer patients groups.

Uranium levels in healthy women’s blood

Sample code Age (years) Uranium concentration (ppb) ± SD
HB01 53 1.080 ± 0.34
HB02 45 1.501 ± 0.28
HB03 40 0.905 ± 0.33
HB04 50 1.773 ± 0.43
HB05 23 1.045 ± 0.28
HB06 38 0.590 ± 0.22
HB07 36 0.712 ± 0.27
HB08 40 1.816 ± 0.43
HB09 42 1.036 ± 0.37
HB10 22 0.958 ± 0.28
HB11 23 1.010 ± 0.28
HB12 24 1.387 ± 0.27
HB13 30 2.105 ± 0.27
HB14 46 0.817 ± 0.24
HB15 38 1.510 ± 0.24
HB16 40 1.308 ± 0.28
HB17 29 0.940 ± 0.26
HB18 70 0.782 ± 0.30
HB19 23 0.993 ± 0.31
HB20 40 1.851 ± 0.35
Mean ± Std Error 1.200 ± 0.30

Levels of uranium in female patients’ blood samples

Sample code Age (years) Cancer type Uranium concentration (ppb) ± SD
CB01 33 Breast 2.681 ± 0.20
CB02 36 Breast 3.259 ± 0.20
CB03 46 Breast 1.918 ± 0.21
CB04 42 Breast 2.024 ± 0.30
CB05 70 Breast 2.541 ± 0.48
CB06 34 Breast 2.444 ± 0.49
CB07 42 Breast 2.260 ± 0.31
CB08 45 Breast 2.628 ± 0.36
CB09 45 Breast 2.374 ± 0.23
CB10 44 Breast 2.199 ± 0.30
CB11 25 Breast 2.742 ± 0.37
CB12 45 Breast 2.812 ± 0.34
CB13 67 Breast 2.462 ± 0.28
CB14 26 Breast 2.216 ± 0.29
CB15 27 Breast 2.345 ± 0.24
CB16 28 Breast 2.516 ± 0.27
Mean ± Std Error 2.463 ± 0.30

The comparison of the present work results with those from previous studies

Country Mean uranium concentration (ppb) Reference
Iraq/Babylon 1.69 ± 0.31 ppb (leukemia patients) [33]
0.83 ppb (healthy group)
Iraq/Babylon 1.02 ± 0.26 ppb (blood smokers) [34]
0.86 ± 0.17 ppb (non-smokers)
Iraq/Babylon 1.24 ± 0.29 ppb [35]
Russia 0.04 mg/l (occupationally exposed workers) [36]
United States 0.025 mg/l [37]
Iraq/Babylon 2.463 ± 0.30 ppb (women with breast cancer) Present work
1.205 ± 0.30 ppb (women without breast cancer)
eISSN:
1508-5791
Sprache:
Englisch
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