Chemical characterization of PM10 in two small towns located in South Poland
, , , , und | 06. März 2021
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Article Category: Original Paper
Online veröffentlicht: 06. März 2021
Seitenbereich: 29 - 34
Eingereicht: 12. März 2020
Akzeptiert: 20. Mai 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/nuka-2021-0004
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© 2021 Anna Turek-Fijak et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
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The measured and certified values – SRM 2783
| Element | Measured values (ng) | Certified values (ng) |
|---|---|---|
| K | 6 120 ± 4 550 | 5 280 ± 250 |
| Ca | 11 240 ± 3 540 | 13 200 ± 1 700 |
| Ti | 1 400 ± 170 | 1 490 ± 240 |
| Cr | 150 ± 85 | 135 ± 25 |
| Mn | 284 ± 50 | 320 ± 12 |
| Fe | 24 800 ± 1 910 | 26 500 ± 1 600 |
| Cu | 480 ± 70 | 404 ± 42 |
| Zn | 2 350 ± 400 | 1 790 ± 130 |
| Pb | 310 ± 64 | 317 ± 54 |
Average PM10 (μg·m−3) and elemental concentrations in Wadowice and Skala (ng·m−3) with low limit of detection (ng·m−3)
| PM10 | Wadowice | Skala | LLD | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Min | Max | Mean | Min | Max | Mean | ||
| 43 | 407 | 174 | 23 | 301 | 84 | ||
| Element | Min | Max | Mean ± SD | Min | Max | Mean ± SD | |
| Cl | 407 | 23 849 | 9 228 ± 6 200 | 362 | 17 733 | 4 268 ± 2 740 | 144 |
| K | 467 | 2 544 | 1 400 ± 540 | 223 | 1 584 | 718 ± 270 | 33 |
| Ca | 190 | 2 697 | 590 ± 290 | 191 | 754 | 296 ± 83 | 23 |
| Ti | 25 | 139 | 56 ± 18 | 17.26 | 64.39 | 29 ± 7.1 | 13 |
| V | 10 | 20 | 15 ± 2.5 | 11.43 | 44.86 | 17.5 ± 3.7 | 9.6 |
| Cr | 1.02 | 10 | 4 ± 1.6 | 4.06 | 25.32 | 9.4 ± 3.1 | 1.4 |
| Mn | 8.62 | 81 | 27 ± 14 | 6.09 | 34.26 | 12.3 ± 4.1 | 5.8 |
| Fe | 157 | 2 098 | 760 ± 400 | 67 | 1 004 | 308 ± 150 | 3.5 |
| Co | 5.84 | 14 | 8.6 ± 1.7 | 4.06 | 7.11 | 5.46 ± 0.71 | 3.9 |
| Ni | 2.29 | 11 | 4.2 ± 1.8 | 1.52 | 5.08 | 3.09 ± 0.79 | 2.0 |
| Cu | 5.08 | 62 | 27 ± 16 | 2.29 | 17.75 | 8.3 ± 4 | 2.1 |
| Zn | 93 | 749 | 360 ± 180 | 57 | 723 | 207 ± 110 | 3.3 |
| As | 2.54 | 20 | 11 ± 4.7 | – | – | – | |
| Se | 2.54 | 6 | 4.4 ± 1.1 | – | – | – | |
| Br | 10 | 246 | 95 ± 63 | 12.2 | 193.5 | 53 ± 30 | 2.1 |
| Rb | 2.79 | 14 | 7 ± 2.3 | 1.52 | 6.59 | 3.3 ± 1.3 | 1.7 |
| Sr | 0.51 | 11 | 4.2 ± 2 | 4.57 | 30.39 | 8.3 ± 2.9 | 0.4 |
| Pb | 28 | 286 | 120 ± 64 | 34.3 | 357.4 | 98 ± 50 | 1.9 |
Comparison of PM10 (μg·m−3) and the chemical element concentrations for Wadowice, Skala, and big cities (ng·m−3)
| Element | Wadowice | Skala | Krakow 2010 [ | Krakow 2011 [ | Krakow 2012 [ | Krakow 2010 [ | Krakow 2010 [ | London 2012 [ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PM10 | 174 | 84 | – | 93 | 40 | 124 | 92 | – |
| Cl | 9 228 | 4 268 | – | – | 1 040 | – | – | 790 |
| K | 1 400 | 718 | 1 042 | 386 | 193 | 737 | 339 | 36.2 |
| Ca | 590 | 296 | 1 216 | 452 | 918 | 858 | 342 | 202 |
| Ti | 56 | 29 | 52 | 66 | 17 | 66 | 63 | 7.5 |
| V | 15 | 17.5 | – | – | – | – | – | 2.2 |
| Cr | 4 | 9.4 | 66 | – | – | 47 | 17 | 6.3 |
| Mn | 27 | 12.3 | 164 | 52 | 16 | 118 | 39 | 9.4 |
| Fe | 760 | 308 | 4 350 | 1 300 | 507 | 2 960 | 743 | 693 |
| Co | 8.6 | 5.46 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Ni | 4.2 | 3.09 | – | <LLD | <LLD | – | – | 2.1 |
| Cu | 27 | 8.3 | 24.6 | 23 | 8.7 | 31 | 23 | 26 |
| Zn | 360 | 207 | 442 | 176 | 141 | 422 | 223 | 10.9 |
| As | 11 | – | 21 | 8 | <LLD | – | – | – |
| Se | 4.4 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Br | 95 | 53 | 61 | 33 | 49 | 51 | 37 | 2.3 |
| Rb | 7 | 3.3 | – | <LLD | <LLD | – | – | – |
| Sr | 4.2 | 8.3 | – | 4.5 | 43.3 | – | – | – |
| Pb | 120 | 98 | 121 | 52 | 41 | 108 | 68 | 1.6 |