First report of the presence of enterotoxin gene in coagulase-negative staphylococci recovered from meat of snails (Achatina achatina)

1 Adams M.R., Moss M.O.: Bacterial Agents of Foodborne Illness: Staphylococcus aureus. In: Food Microbiology. Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, 2008, pp. 252–256.Adams M.R. Moss M.O. Bacterial Agents of Foodborne Illness: Staphylococcus aureus Food Microbiology Royal Society of Chemistry Cambridge 2008 252 256Search in Google Scholar

2 Agbaji C.: Snail farming business venture. Leadership 2018. https://leadership.ng/2018/07/06/snail-farming-business-venture/Agbaji C. Snail farming business venture Leadership 2018 https://leadership.ng/2018/07/06/snail-farming-business-venture/Search in Google Scholar

3 Asao T., Kumeda Y., Kawai T., Shibata T., Oda H., Haruki K., Nakazawa H., Kozaki S.: An extensive outbreak of staphylococcal food poisoning due to low-fat milk in Japan: estimation of enterotoxin A in the incriminated milk and powdered skim milk. Epidemiol Infec 2003, 130, 33–40, doi: 10.1017/s0950268802007951.Asao T. Kumeda Y. Kawai T. Shibata T. Oda H. Haruki K. Nakazawa H. Kozaki S. An extensive outbreak of staphylococcal food poisoning due to low-fat milk in Japan: estimation of enterotoxin A in the incriminated milk and powdered skim milk Epidemiol Infec 2003 130 33 40 10.1017/s0950268802007951286993612613743Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

4 Batista J.E., Ferreira E.L., Nascimento D.C., Ventura R.F., de Oliveira W.L., Leal N.C., Lima-Filho J.V.: Antimicrobial resistance and detection of the mec A gene besides enterotoxin-encoding genes among coagulase-negative Staphylococci isolated from clam meat of Anomalocardia brasiliana. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2013, 10, 1044–1049, doi: 10.1089/fpd.2013.1576.Batista J.E. Ferreira E.L. Nascimento D.C. Ventura R.F. de Oliveira W.L. Leal N.C. Lima-Filho J.V. Antimicrobial resistance and detection of the mec A gene besides enterotoxin-encoding genes among coagulase-negative Staphylococci isolated from clam meat of Anomalocardia brasiliana Foodborne Pathog Dis 2013 10 1044 1049 10.1089/fpd.2013.157624102081Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

5 Becker K., Heilmann C., Peters G.: Coagulase-negative staphylococci. Clin Microbiol Rev 2014, 27, 870–926, doi:10.1128/CMR.00109-13.Becker K. Heilmann C. Peters G. Coagulase-negative staphylococci Clin Microbiol Rev 2014 27 870 926 10.1128/CMR.00109-13418763725278577Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

6 Bergogne-Berezin E.: Who or what is the source of antibiotic resistance? J Med Microbiol 1997, 46, 461–470.Bergogne-Berezin E. Who or what is the source of antibiotic resistance? J Med Microbiol 1997 46 461 470Search in Google Scholar

7 Bertelloni F., Fratini F., Ebani V.V., Galiero A., Turchi B., Cerri D.: Detection of genes encoding for enterotoxins, TSST-1, and biofilm production in coagulase-negative staphylococci from bovine bulk tank milk. Dairy Sci Technol 2015, 95, 341–352, doi: 10.1007/s13594-015-0214-9.Bertelloni F. Fratini F. Ebani V.V. Galiero A. Turchi B. Cerri D. Detection of genes encoding for enterotoxins, TSST-1, and biofilm production in coagulase-negative staphylococci from bovine bulk tank milk Dairy Sci Technol 2015 95 341 352 10.1007/s13594-015-0214-9Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

8 Bhalla A., Aron D.C., Donskey C.J.: Staphylococcus aureus intestinal colonization is associated with increased frequency of S. aureus on skin of hospitalized patients. B Med C Infect Dis 2007, 7, 105, doi: 10.1186/1471-2334-7-105.Bhalla A. Aron D.C. Donskey C.J. Staphylococcus aureus intestinal colonization is associated with increased frequency of S. aureus on skin of hospitalized patients B Med C Infect Dis 2007 7 105 10.1186/1471-2334-7-105201870517848192Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

9 Blaiotta G., Ercolini D., Pennacchia C., Fusco V., Casaburi A., Pepe O., Villani F.: PCR detection of staphylococcal enterotoxin genes in Staphylococcus spp. strains isolated from meat and dairy products. Evidence for new variants of seG and seI in S. aureus AB-8802. J Appl Microbiol 2004, 97, 719–730, doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2004.02349.xBlaiotta G. Ercolini D. Pennacchia C. Fusco V. Casaburi A. Pepe O. Villani F. PCR detection of staphylococcal enterotoxin genes in Staphylococcus spp. strains isolated from meat and dairy products. Evidence for new variants of seG and seI in S. aureus AB-8802 J Appl Microbiol 2004 97 719 730 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2004.02349.x15357721Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

10 Boamah V.E., Agyare C., Odoi H., Adu F., Gbedema S.Y., Dalsgaard A.: Prevalence and antibiotic resistance of coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from poultry farms in three regions of Ghana. Infect Drug Res 2017, 10, 175–183, doi: 10.2147/IDR.S136349.Boamah V.E. Agyare C. Odoi H. Adu F. Gbedema S.Y. Dalsgaard A. Prevalence and antibiotic resistance of coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from poultry farms in three regions of Ghana Infect Drug Res 2017 10 175 183 10.2147/IDR.S136349547662828652785Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

11 Cha J.O., Lee J.K., Jung Y.H., Yoo J.I., Park Y.K., Kim B.S., Lee Y.S.: Molecular analysis of Staphylococcus aureus isolates associated with staphylococcal food poisoning in South Korea. J Appl Microbiol 2006, 101, 864–871, doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2006.02957.x.Cha J.O. Lee J.K. Jung Y.H. Yoo J.I. Park Y.K. Kim B.S. Lee Y.S. Molecular analysis of Staphylococcus aureus isolates associated with staphylococcal food poisoning in South Korea J Appl Microbiol 2006 101 864 871 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2006.02957.x16968298Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

12 Chah J.M., Inegbedion G.: Characteristics of snail farming in Edo South Agricultural Zone of Edo State, Nigeria. Trop Ani Health Prod 2013, 45, 625–631, doi: 10.1007/s11250-012-0269-z.Chah J.M. Inegbedion G. Characteristics of snail farming in Edo South Agricultural Zone of Edo State, Nigeria Trop Ani Health Prod 2013 45 625 631 10.1007/s11250-012-0269-z23011673Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

13 Cheesbrough M.: Preparation of Reagents and Culture Media. In: District Laboratory Practice in Tropical Countries Part 2. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2000, pp. 382–407.Cheesbrough M. Preparation of Reagents and Culture Media District Laboratory Practice in Tropical Countries Part 2 Cambridge University Press Cambridge 2000 382 407Search in Google Scholar

14 Chen S., Wang Y., Chen F., Yang H., Gan M., Zheng S.J.: A Highly Pathogenic Strain of Staphylococcus sciuri Caused Fatal Exudative Epidermitis in Piglets. PLoS One 2007, 2, e147, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0000147.Chen S. Wang Y. Chen F. Yang H. Gan M. Zheng S.J. A Highly Pathogenic Strain of Staphylococcus sciuri Caused Fatal Exudative Epidermitis in Piglets PLoS One 2007 2 e147 10.1371/journal.pone.0000147176472017215958Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

15 Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute: M02-A12 Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Disk Susceptibility Test; Approved Standard–12^th Edition. CLSI, Wayne, PA, 2015.Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute: M02-A12 Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Disk Susceptibility Test; Approved Standard–12^th Edition CLSI Wayne, PA 2015Search in Google Scholar

16 Coelho S.M., Reinoso E., Pereira I.A., Soares L.C., Demo M., Bogni C., Souza M.: Virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine mastitis in Rio de Janeiro. Pesq Vet Brasilia 2009, 29, 369–374.Coelho S.M. Reinoso E. Pereira I.A. Soares L.C. Demo M. Bogni C. Souza M. Virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine mastitis in Rio de Janeiro Pesq Vet Brasilia 2009 29 369 37410.1590/S0100-736X2009000500002Search in Google Scholar

17 Couto I., Sanches I.S., Sá-Leão R., de Lencastre H.: Molecular Characterization of Staphylococcus sciuri Strains Isolated From Humans. J Clin Microbiol 2000, 38, 1136–1143, doi: 10.1128/jcm.38.3.1136-1143.2000.Couto I. Sanches I.S. Sá-Leão R. de Lencastre H. Molecular Characterization of Staphylococcus sciuri Strains Isolated From Humans J Clin Microbiol 2000 38 1136 1143 10.1128/jcm.38.3.1136-1143.2000Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

18 Cowan S.T., Steel K.J.: Manual for the Identification of Medical Bacteria. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1965, pp. 116–156.Cowan S.T. Steel K.J. Manual for the Identification of Medical Bacteria Cambridge University Press Cambridge 1965 116 156Search in Google Scholar

19 Cremonesi P., Luzzana M., Brasca M., Morandi S., Lodi R., Vimercati C., Agnellini D., Caramenti G., Moroni P., Castiglioni B.: Development of multiplex PCR assay for the identification of Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxigenic strains isolated from milk and dairy products. Mol Cell Probes 2005, 19, 299–305, doi: 10.1016/j.mcp.2005.03.002.Cremonesi P. Luzzana M. Brasca M. Morandi S. Lodi R. Vimercati C. Agnellini D. Caramenti G. Moroni P. Castiglioni B. Development of multiplex PCR assay for the identification of Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxigenic strains isolated from milk and dairy products Mol Cell Probes 2005 19 299 305 10.1016/j.mcp.2005.03.00216006095Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

20 Dakić I., Vuković D., Stepanović S., Hauschild T., Ježek P., Petráš P., Morrison D.: Survey of Genes Encoding Staphylococcal Enterotoxins, Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin 1, and Exfoliative Toxins in Members of the Staphylococcus sciuri Group. J Clin. Microbiol 2005, 43, 4875–4876, doi: 10.1128/JCM.43.9.4875-4876.2005.Dakić I. Vuković D. Stepanović S. Hauschild T. Ježek P. Petráš P. Morrison D. Survey of Genes Encoding Staphylococcal Enterotoxins, Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin 1, and Exfoliative Toxins in Members of the Staphylococcus sciuri Group. J Clin. Microbiol 2005 43 4875 4876 10.1128/JCM.43.9.4875-4876.2005123408116145164Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

21 Don R.H., Cox P.T., Wainwright B.J., Baker K., Mattick J.S.: ‘Touchdown’ PCR to circumvent spurious priming during gene amplification. Nucl Acids Res 1991, 19, 4008, doi: 10.1093/nar/19.14.4008.Don R.H. Cox P.T. Wainwright B.J. Baker K. Mattick J.S. ‘Touchdown’ PCR to circumvent spurious priming during gene amplification Nucl Acids Res 1991 19 4008 10.1093/nar/19.14.40083285071861999Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

22 Edberg S.C., Gallo P., Kontnick C.: Analysis of the Virulence Characteristics of Bacteria Isolated from Bottled, Water Cooler and Tap Water. Microb Ecol Health Dis 1996, 9, 67–77, doi: 10.3109/08910609609166445.Edberg S.C. Gallo P. Kontnick C. Analysis of the Virulence Characteristics of Bacteria Isolated from Bottled, Water Cooler and Tap Water Microb Ecol Health Dis 1996 9 67 77 10.3109/08910609609166445Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

23 Efuntoye M.O., Mabekoje O.O., Adekoya F.A.: Biochemical, enterotoxigenicity and antibiogram profiles of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from intestines of snails. J Microbiol Antimicrob 2011, 3, 47–50, doi: 10.5897/JMA.9000016.Efuntoye M.O. Mabekoje O.O. Adekoya F.A. Biochemical, enterotoxigenicity and antibiogram profiles of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from intestines of snails J Microbiol Antimicrob 2011 3 47 50 10.5897/JMA.9000016Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

24 Fitzgerald J.R., Hartigan P.J., Meaney W.J., Smyth C.J.: Molecular population and virulence factor analysis of Staphylococcus aureus from bovine intramammary infection. J Appl Microbiol 2000, 88, 1028–1037, doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2672.2000.01071.xFitzgerald J.R. Hartigan P.J. Meaney W.J. Smyth C.J. Molecular population and virulence factor analysis of Staphylococcus aureus from bovine intramammary infection J Appl Microbiol 2000 88 1028 1037 10.1046/j.1365-2672.2000.01071.x10849179Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

25 Hatziioannou H., Eleutheriadis N., Lazaridou-Dimitriadou M.: Food preferences of dietary overlap by terrestrial snail in Logos area (Edessa, Macedonia, Northern Greece). J Moll Stud 1994, 60, 331–341, doi: 10.1093/mollus/60.3.331.Hatziioannou H. Eleutheriadis N. Lazaridou-Dimitriadou M. Food preferences of dietary overlap by terrestrial snail in Logos area (Edessa, Macedonia, Northern Greece) J Moll Stud1994 60 331 341 10.1093/mollus/60.3.331Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

26 Havelaar A.: Foodborne diseases: an ongoing global challenge. Global G.A.P. Summit 2016, September 27–28, Amsterdam. Global G.A.P., Cologne, 2016.Havelaar A. Foodborne diseases: an ongoing global challenge. Global G.A.P. Summit 2016, September 27–28, Amsterdam Global G.A.P Cologne 2016Search in Google Scholar

27 Lane. D.J.: 16S/23S rRNA Sequencing. In: Nucleic Acid Techniques in Bacterial Systematics, edited by E. Stackebrandt, M. Goodfellow, John Wiley and Sons, New York, NY, 1991, pp. 115–175.Lane D.J. 16S/23S rRNA Sequencing Nucleic Acid Techniques in Bacterial Systematics edited by Stackebrandt E. Goodfellow M. John Wiley and Sons New York, NY 1991 115 175Search in Google Scholar

28 Le Loir Y., Baron F., Gautier M.: Staphylococcus aureus and food poisoning. Genet Mol Res 2003, 2, 63–76.Le Loir Y. Baron F. Gautier M. Staphylococcus aureus and food poisoning Genet Mol Res 2003 2 63 76Search in Google Scholar

29 Martĺnez J.L.: Antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes in natural environments. Science 2008, 321, 365–367, doi: 10.1126/science.1159483.Martĺnez J.L. Antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes in natural environments Science 2008 321 365 367 10.1126/science.115948318635792Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

30 Nodu M.B, Adesope O.M., Matthews-Njoku E.C.: Demographic characteristics related to consumption of snail meat among inhabitants of Bori, Nigeria. Afr J Liv Ext 2003, 2, 54–57.Nodu M.B Adesope O.M. Matthews-Njoku E.C. Demographic characteristics related to consumption of snail meat among inhabitants of Bori, Nigeria Afr J Liv Ext 2003 2 54 57Search in Google Scholar

31 Okafor A.C., Ogbo F.C.: Occurrence and Enumeration of Multiple Bacterial Pathogens in Edible Snails from South East Nigeria. Food Sci Technol 2019, 7, 23–30, doi: 10.13189/fst.2019.070301Okafor A.C. Ogbo F.C. Occurrence and Enumeration of Multiple Bacterial Pathogens in Edible Snails from South East Nigeria Food Sci Technol 2019 7 23 30 10.13189/fst.2019.070301Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

32 Okafor A.C., Ogbo F.C.: Virulence Potentials Of Bacillus Strains Recovered From Edible Snails And Survival During Culinary Preparation. Food Control 2020, 108, 106834, doi: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2019.106834.Okafor A.C. Ogbo F.C. Virulence Potentials Of Bacillus Strains Recovered From Edible Snails And Survival During Culinary Preparation Food Control 2020 108 106834 10.1016/j.foodcont.2019.106834Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

33 Piechota M., Kot B., Zdunek E., Mitrus J., Wicha J., Wolska M.K., Sachanowicz K.: Distribution of classical enterotoxin genes in staphylococci from milk of cows with and without mastitis and the cowshed environment. Pol J Vet Sci 2014, 17, 407–411, doi: 10.2478/pjvs-2014-0058.Piechota M. Kot B. Zdunek E. Mitrus J. Wicha J. Wolska M.K. Sachanowicz K. Distribution of classical enterotoxin genes in staphylococci from milk of cows with and without mastitis and the cowshed environment Pol J Vet Sci 2014 17 407 411 10.2478/pjvs-2014-005825286646Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

34 Pyzik E., Marek A., Stępień-Pyśniak D., Urban-Chmiel R., Jarosz S.L., Jagiełło-Podębska I.: Detection of antibiotic resistance and classical enterotoxin genes in coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from poultry in Poland. J Vet Res 2019, 63, 183–190, doi: 10.2478/jvetres-2019-0023.Pyzik E. Marek A. Stępień-Pyśniak D. Urban-Chmiel R. Jarosz S.L. Jagiełło-Podębska I. Detection of antibiotic resistance and classical enterotoxin genes in coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from poultry in Poland J Vet Res 2019 63 183 190 10.2478/jvetres-2019-0023659819131276057Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

35 Raut, S.K..: Chapter 3 Achatina fulica Bowdich and other Achatinidae as pests in tropical agriculture. In: Molluscs as Crop Pests, edited by G.M. Barker, CABI International Publishing, Wallingford, 2002, pp. 55-114.Raut S.K.. Chapter 3 Achatina fulica Bowdich and other Achatinidae as pests in tropical agriculture Molluscs as Crop Pests edited by Barker G.M. CABI International Publishing Wallingford 2002 55 11410.1079/9780851993201.0055Search in Google Scholar

36 Tong S.Y.C., Davis J.S., Eichenberger E., Holland T.L., Fowler V.G. Jr.: Staphylococcus aureus infections: epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and management. Clin Microbiol Rev 2015, 28, 603–661, doi: 10.1128/CMR.00134-14.Tong S.Y.C. Davis J.S. Eichenberger E. Holland T.L. Fowler V.G. Jr. Staphylococcus aureus infections: epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and management Clin Microbiol Rev 2015 28 603 661 10.1128/CMR.00134-14445139526016486Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

37 World Health Organization Foodborne Disease Burden Epidemiology Reference Group 2007-2015: WHO estimates of the global burden of foodborne diseases. WHO Press, Geneva, 2015. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/199350/?sequence=1World Health Organization Foodborne Disease Burden Epidemiology Reference Group 2007-2015: WHO estimates of the global burden of foodborne diseases WHO Press Geneva 2015 https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/199350/?sequence=1Search in Google Scholar

38 Wu S., de Lencastre H., Tomasz A.: Genetic organization of the mecA region in methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus sciuri. J Bacteriol 1998, 180, 236–242, doi: 10.1128/jb.180.2.236-242.1998.Wu S. de Lencastre H. Tomasz A. Genetic organization of the mecA region in methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus sciuri J Bacteriol 1998 180 236 242 10.1128/jb.180.2.236-242.1998Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

39 Zargar M.H.S., Doust R.H., Mobarez A.M.: Staphylococcus aureus Enterotoxin A Gene Isolated From Raw Red Meat and Poultry in Tehran, Iran. Intl J Ent Path 2014, 2, e16085, doi: 10.17795/ijep16085.Zargar M.H.S. Doust R.H. Mobarez A.M. Staphylococcus aureus Enterotoxin A Gene Isolated From Raw Red Meat and Poultry in Tehran, Iran Intl J Ent Path 2014 2 e16085 10.17795/ijep16085Open DOISearch in Google Scholar