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Electrical Impedance tomography – recent applications and developments

Sofiene Mansouri
Sofiene Mansouri
, 
Yousef Alharbi
Yousef Alharbi
, 
Fatma Haddad
Fatma Haddad
, 
Souhir Chabcoub
Souhir Chabcoub
, 
Anwar Alshrouf
Anwar Alshrouf
 und 
Amr A. Abd-Elghany
Amr A. Abd-Elghany
   | 06. Okt. 2021
Journal of Electrical Bioimpedance's Cover Image
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Article Category: Review article
Online veröffentlicht: 06. Okt. 2021
Seitenbereich: 50 - 62
Eingereicht: 08. März 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/joeb-2021-0007
Schlüsselwörter
© 2021 Sofiene Mansouri, Yousef Alharbi, Fatma Haddad, Souhir Chabcoub, Anwar Alshrouf, and Amr A. Abd-Elghany, published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Fig.1

The equivalent electrical circuit model for tissues.
The equivalent electrical circuit model for tissues.

Fig. 2

Main parts of an EIT imaging system.
Main parts of an EIT imaging system.

Fig. 3

Chest image reconstruction by EIT [21].
Chest image reconstruction by EIT [21].

Fig. 4

FEM reconstruction, Left: 2D mesh with 340 finite elements for 16 surface electrodes. Right: FEM-based reconstruction of the bioimpedance distribution.
FEM reconstruction, Left: 2D mesh with 340 finite elements for 16 surface electrodes. Right: FEM-based reconstruction of the bioimpedance distribution.

Fig. 5

Comparison of the phantom reconstruction obtained with the linear inverse solver (left), and the proposed method using ANN and PSO (right). Both targets are indicated by red circles [54].
Comparison of the phantom reconstruction obtained with the linear inverse solver (left), and the proposed method using ANN and PSO (right). Both targets are indicated by red circles [54].

Fig. 6

Series of dynamic images showing air filling during inspiration by the PulmoVista500 system [81].
Series of dynamic images showing air filling during inspiration by the PulmoVista500 system [81].

Fig. 7

Cardiac monitoring by CardioInspect system [88].
Cardiac monitoring by CardioInspect system [88].

Comparison between different imaging modalities.

Medical imaging modality CT US MRI EIT
Basic principle X-rays High frequency sound Radio waves Impedance
Types of radiation Ionizing radiation Non-Ionizing radiation Non-Ionizing radiation Non-Ionizing radiation
Contrast High Low High Low
Spatial Resolution 50-200 μm 50-500 μm 25-100 μm Low
Scanning time <20 min < 30 min <40 min <10 min
Cost Moderate Low Very High Low
Size Non portable Portable Non portable Portable
Advantages Bone and tumor imaging, anatomic imaging Visualize muscles, tendon and internal organs Morphological and functional imaging Rapid tomographic imaging, low cost, noninvasive
Disadvantages High cost Ionizing radiation Operator dependency Noisy, cost, low sensitivity Not mature yet

Image reconstruction algorithms.

Reconstruction algorithm Description
Linear approach - Solves the forward problem- Iterations are limited
Simple stage reconstruction - Solves the forward problem- Iterative processm- Very much used
Sheffield Back-projection - Solves the forward problem- The best known for EITm- Not flexible
Newton-Raphson - Solves the forward problem based on EMFm- Inverse problem thanks to matrix sensitivity
Optimization by particle swarms - Solves the inverse problem

Electrical conductivity for Human tissues.

Tissue Conductivity (mS/m)
Cerebrospinal fluid 1450 - 1800
Blood 500 - 650
Scalp 300 - 400
Brain 300 - 420
Muscle 200 - 400
Fat 50
Bone 6
eISSN:
1891-5469
Sprache:
Englisch
Zeitrahmen der Veröffentlichung:
Volume Open
Fachgebiete der Zeitschrift:
Technik, Bioingenieurwesen, Biomedizinische Elektronik, Biologie, Biophysik, Medizin, Biomedizinische Technik, Physik, Spektroskopie und Metrologie
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