The points | Description |
---|---|
A | Atrial contraction |
B | Aortic valve opening, which is often calculated as a 15% response from the baseline [14]. The B point may also be calculated from an equation that relates the R peak of the electrocardiography (ECG) signal and the E peak of the dZ/dt signal; RB = 1.233RE -0.0032RE2 - 31.59 [11]. |
E (or C) | Maximum amplitude of dZ/dt from the baseline (dZ/dtmax). It represents the maximum aortic flow. |
X | Aortic valve closing, which is calculated as the first turning point valley after the E point (d1) or the lowest minimum after the E point (d2) [22]. In the time domain, aortic valve closing occurs at the end of the T wave of the ECG signal. |
Y | Pulmonic valve closing. It is the minimum notched between the X and O points [6]. |
O | Mitral valve opening, the maximum positive point after the E wave [6]. |
Z | Mitral regurgitation, which is the minimum notch after the O point [6]. |
Group 1 | Group 2 | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
V 1 | V 2 | V 3 | V 4 | V 5 | V 1 | V 2 | V 3 | V 4 | V 5 | |
21.3 | 07.6 | 35.7 | 06.3 | 49.5 | 00.0 | 14.1 | 07.7 | 00.0 | 00.0 | |
23.5 | 79.3 | 97.3 | 97 | 96.6 | 13.6 | 64.2 | 81.7 | 46.6 | 72.0 | |
25.6 | 68.0 | 100.0 | 98.5 | 100.0 | 97.3 | 46.2 | 80.0 | 98.7 | 97 |
Parameters | Description | Calculation |
---|---|---|
PEP | Pre-ejection period | The Q-B segment is required. |
ET (or LVET) | Ventricular ejection time | The X-B segment is required. |
IVRT | Isovolumic relaxation time | The X-O segment is required. |
FT | Ventricular filling time | The Y-Z segment is required. |
SV | Stroke volume; the volume of blood ejected from the left | Both the E point and X-B are required [8]. |
ventricular in one cycle | ||
CO | Amount of blood pumped during 1 min [8] | CO = SV × HR (2) |
Heather index | Cardiac contractility index is the ratio between the | Noted E point and the Q-E time interval. |
maximum amplitude of the dZ/dt signal. |
Waveform Group type 2 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | u | HR |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
- | 86.4 | 02.7 | 02.7 | 08.1 | - | - | 52 ± 4 | |
29.4 | 06.4 | 23.0 | 10.2 | 15.3 | 01.2 | 14.1 | 75 ± 5 | |
07.6 | 10.7 | 12.3 | 35.3 | 26.1 | - | 07.6 | 66 ± 7 | |
- | 53.4 | 01.3 | 28.7 | 16.4 | - | - | 69 ± 4 | |
02.2 | 25.8 | - | 10.1 | 61.8 | - | - | 87 ± 4 |
ABEXYOZ s | Description of ABEXYOZ complex |
ABEXYOZ 0 | Typical ABEXYOZ complex of the dZ/dt waveform containing all characteristic ICG points |
ABEXYOZ 1 | ABEXYOZ complex of the dZ/dt waveform with X but without YOZ are unidentified in one slope |
ABEXYOZ 2 | ABEXYOZ complex of the dZ/dt waveform with typical characteristic points, except the X point, which is a not a clear X (noted X2) |
ABEXYOZ 3 | ABEXYOZ complex of the dZ/dt waveform with an unpronounced X point (X2) and no well-defined YOZ points |
ABEXYOZ 4 | ABEXYOZ complex of the dZ/dt waveform without well-defined XYOZ points that are almost time contained in one slope after the E wave |
ABEXYOZ 5 | The ABEXYOZ complex of the dZ/dt waveform that have all of the typical characteristic points, except the X point, which may be a true X or X2, and the dZ/dt waveform has a skirt shape. |
ABEXYOZ u | The ABEXYOZ complex of the dZ/dt waveform that is characterized by a high percentage of noise or missing points |
Waveform for group type 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | u | HR |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
72.3 | 04.2 | 02.1 | - | - | - | 21.2 | 55 ± 5 | |
11.3 | 09.4 | 15.0 | 41.5 | 09.4 | 05.6 | 07.5 | 60 ± 3 | |
- | 02.7 | - | 08.2 | 53.4 | - | 35.6 | 76 ± 5 | |
01.5 | 01.5 | - | - | 90.6 | - | 06.2 | 66 ± 2 | |
- | 03.4 | - | - | 47.1 | - | 49.4 | 90 ± 6 |