High-performance tri-band graphene plasmonic microstrip patch antenna using superstrate double-face metamaterial for THz communications

Recently, graphene-patch antennas have been widely used in communication technology, especially in THz applications due to the extraordinary properties of graphene material. Herein, a graphene-based rectangular microstrip patch antenna is designed on an FR4 substrate material (ɛ_r = 4.3). A single and double-faced superstrate MTM is placed upon the radiating patch for di erent purposes, such as enhancing the overall antenna performance, protecting the patch from environmental jeopardies, and generating a multiband resonance frequency. A single face superstrate triangle SRR unit was used to produce a dual-band frequency at 3.5 and 4.331 THz. The S₁₁ of the dual-band structure is achieved to be −26.78 dB and −46.25 dB with a bandwidth of 400 GHz and 460 GHz, respectively. The double face superstrate MTM unit cell of the triangle SRR printed on the opposite face gives another resonant frequency, so, triple frequency bands of 2.32, 3.35, and 4.38 THz with a wide impedance bandwidth of 230, 520, and 610 GHz, were generated, respectively. The double-face superstrate MTM not only enhances the antenna performance but also generates another resonant frequency that could be used in the next 6G communications. The proposed antenna is designed and optimized using two commercial 3D full-wave software, CST Microwave Studio and Ansoft HFSS, to validate the results.