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Factors Affecting Immune Responses in Honey Bees: An Insight

Gurleen Kaur
Gurleen Kaur
, 
Rohit Sharma
Rohit Sharma
, 
Ashun Chaudhary
Ashun Chaudhary
 und 
Randeep Singh
Randeep Singh
   | 24. Juni 2021
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Article Category: Review paper
Online veröffentlicht: 24. Juni 2021
Seitenbereich: 25 - 47
Eingereicht: 10. Dez. 2020
Akzeptiert: 08. März 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jas-2021-0012
Schlüsselwörter
© 2021 Gurleen Kaur et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Fig. 1

Various factors influencing bee immunity.
Various factors influencing bee immunity.

Fig. 2

Interrelationships between different stress factors downregulating immune system of honey bees. IRG, immunity related genes; GOX, glucose oxidase. Blue arrows show effects supported by literature. Red arrows show possible effects with less literature support. Numeric values indicate the references of supporting literature. 1 Mckinstry et al. (2017); 2 Steinmann et al. (2015); 3 Lopez-Martinez et al. (2008); 4 Melicher et al. (2019); 5 Dainat et al. (2012b); 6 Gauthier et al. (2007); 7 Flores et al. (1996); 8 Szymaś & Jędruszuk (2003); 9 Alaux et al. (2010a); 10 Martin-Hernandez et al. (2011); 11 Alaux et al. (2010b); 12 Mayack & Naug (2010); 13 DeGrandhi-Hoffmman & Chen (2015); 14 Huang (2012); 15 Brandt et al. (2016); 16 Perveen & Ahmad (2017); 17 Brandt et al. (2017); 18 Boncristiani et al. (2012); 19 Yoshida (1988); 20 Gregorc et al. (2012); 21 Motta et al. (2018); 22 Dai et al. (2018); 23 May et al. (2015); 24 Chakrabarti et al. (2015); 25 Shen et al. (2005); 26 Nazzi et al. (2012); 27 Goulson et al. (2015); 28 DiPrisco et al. (2013); 29 Evans & Pettis (2005); 30 Gregorc & Bowen (1998); 31 Zakaria (2007); 32 Higes et al. (2007); 33 Chaimanee et al. (2012); 34 Mayack & Naug (2009); 35 Campbell et al. (2010); 36 Salem et al. (2006); 37 Richards et al. (2011); 38 Esch (1988); 39 Vandame & Belzunces (1998); 40 Sánchez-Bayo et al. (2016); 41 Meikle et al. (2016).
Interrelationships between different stress factors downregulating immune system of honey bees. IRG, immunity related genes; GOX, glucose oxidase. Blue arrows show effects supported by literature. Red arrows show possible effects with less literature support. Numeric values indicate the references of supporting literature. 1 Mckinstry et al. (2017); 2 Steinmann et al. (2015); 3 Lopez-Martinez et al. (2008); 4 Melicher et al. (2019); 5 Dainat et al. (2012b); 6 Gauthier et al. (2007); 7 Flores et al. (1996); 8 Szymaś & Jędruszuk (2003); 9 Alaux et al. (2010a); 10 Martin-Hernandez et al. (2011); 11 Alaux et al. (2010b); 12 Mayack & Naug (2010); 13 DeGrandhi-Hoffmman & Chen (2015); 14 Huang (2012); 15 Brandt et al. (2016); 16 Perveen & Ahmad (2017); 17 Brandt et al. (2017); 18 Boncristiani et al. (2012); 19 Yoshida (1988); 20 Gregorc et al. (2012); 21 Motta et al. (2018); 22 Dai et al. (2018); 23 May et al. (2015); 24 Chakrabarti et al. (2015); 25 Shen et al. (2005); 26 Nazzi et al. (2012); 27 Goulson et al. (2015); 28 DiPrisco et al. (2013); 29 Evans & Pettis (2005); 30 Gregorc & Bowen (1998); 31 Zakaria (2007); 32 Higes et al. (2007); 33 Chaimanee et al. (2012); 34 Mayack & Naug (2009); 35 Campbell et al. (2010); 36 Salem et al. (2006); 37 Richards et al. (2011); 38 Esch (1988); 39 Vandame & Belzunces (1998); 40 Sánchez-Bayo et al. (2016); 41 Meikle et al. (2016).

Summarizes the social and innate defence responses against the various foreign bodies

Immune Parameter Foreign Body
Social Immunity
Social fever Fungi (Starks et al., 2000)
Plant Resins Bacteria (Antúnez et al., 2008)Fungi (Simone-Finstrom & Spivak, 2012)
Grooming Tracheal mite (Danka & Villa, 1998)Varroa (Guzman-Novoa et al., 2012)
Hygienic behaviour Fungi (Gilliam et al., 1983)Bacteria (Spivak & Reuter, 2001)Varroa (Ibrahim et al., 2007)
Division of labour Pathogen transmission (Naug & Camazine, 2002)
Innate Immunity
Phagocytosis Small bacteria and virus (James & Xu, 2012; Larsen et al., 2019)
Nodulation Fungi (James & Xu, 2012; Larsen et al., 2019)
Encapsulation Large parasites (James & Xu, 2012; Larsen et al., 2019)
Antibacterial activity Neonicotinoids and bacteria (Dickel et al., 2018)
Antimicrobial peptides Varroa and Virus (Gregorc et al., 2012)Pesticides (Garrido et al., 2013)Bacteria, fungi, protozoa (Danihlík et al., 2015)
RNA interference, dsRNA Virus (Brutscher et al., 2015)
Prophenoloxisade activation Microbial infection (Li et al., 2018)
eISSN:
2299-4831
Sprache:
Englisch
Zeitrahmen der Veröffentlichung:
2 Hefte pro Jahr
Fachgebiete der Zeitschrift:
Biologie, Zoologie, andere
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