Dependent variable | Remittances received (in 100,000 rupees) |
---|---|
Total IPC crime | 2.666** (0.02) |
Violent crimes | 0.288 (0.33) |
Nonviolent crimes | 0.712** (0.04) |
Controls | Yes |
State fixed effects | Yes |
No. of observations | 21,149 |
Panel A | Remittances received (in 100,000 rupees) |
---|---|
Violent crimes | -76.16** (0.04) |
Nonviolent crimes | 50.17** (0.04) |
Controls | Yes |
State fixed effects | Yes |
No. of observations | 12,384 |
First-stage results | |
Remittances received (100,000 rupees) | 0.00007*** (0.003) |
| 68.15 |
Panel A | Remittances received (in 100,000 rupees) |
---|---|
Violent crimes | -188.1** (0.04) |
Nonviolent crimes | 126.46** (0.04) |
Controls | Yes |
State fixed effects | Yes |
No. of observations | 14,407 |
First-stage results | |
Remittances received (100,000 rupees) | 0.000034* (0.07) |
| 73.96 |
Dependent variable | Remittances received (in 100,000 rupees) |
---|---|
Murder | -7.59*** (0.004) |
Attempt to murder | 4.47** (0.01) |
Culpable homicide not amounting to murder | -0.32 (0.14) |
Kidnapping | 0.71 (0.55) |
Dacoity | -2.98*** (0.005) |
Robbery | -2.92* (0.09) |
Burglary | -10.01* (0.07) |
Theft | 59.87*** (0.007) |
Riots | 31.74** (0.04) |
Breach of trust | 6.04*** (0.008) |
Cheating | 6.14* (0.07) |
Counterfeiting | 1.26*** (0.005) |
Arson | 24.28** (0.02) |
Grievous hurt | -151.15*** (0.003) |
Dowry deaths | -4.11*** (0.003) |
Controls | Yes |
State fixed effects | Yes |
No. of observations | 16,473 |
Panel A | Remittances received (in 100,000 rupees) | |
---|---|---|
Violent crimes | -108.18** (0.02) | -244.77 (0.52) |
Nonviolent crimes | 46.89** (0.04) | 21.68 (0.83) |
Controls | Yes | Yes |
State fixed effects | Yes | Yes |
No. of observations | 11,265 | 5208 |
First-stage results | ||
Remittances received (in 100,000 rupees) | 0.000064*** (0.001) | 0.00002 (0.65) |
| 48.92 | 19.01 |
Dependent variable | Rainfall shocks (mm) |
---|---|
Remittances received (in 100,000 rupees) | 0.000057*** (0.004) |
69.06 | |
Controls | Yes |
State fixed effects | Yes |
No. of observations | 16,473 |
Dependent variable | Remittances received (in 100,000 rupees) |
---|---|
Total IPC crime | 88.31 (0.15) |
Violent crimes | -104.96** (0.011) |
Nonviolent crimes | 60.38** (0.019) |
Controls | Yes |
State fixed effects | Yes |
No. of observations | 16,473 |
Variable | Observations | Mean | Standard deviation |
---|---|---|---|
Violent crimes per 100,000 | 16,473 | 41.64 | 27.06 |
Nonviolent crimes per 100,000 | 16,473 | 39.06 | 29.65 |
Remittances received (rupees) | 16,473 | 26,392.3 | 52,045.4 |
Rainfall 2006 (mm) | 16,473 | 1242.51 | 796.96 |
Historical avg. rainfall (mm) | 16,473 | 1280.66 | 749.20 |
Size of household | 16,473 | 4.27 | 2.54 |
Social group | 16,473 | 0.36 | 0.48 |
Education | 16,473 | 5.81 | 4.15 |
Urban households | 16,473 | 0.316 | 0.47 |
Property owned | 16,473 | 3.57 | 2.17 |
Bank offices | 16,473 | 165.49 | 124.49 |
Variable name | Description | Source |
---|---|---|
Violent crimes | Total number of violent crimes in a district includes murder, attempt to murder, culpable homicide not amounting to murder, kidnapping, dacoity, riots, arson, grievous hurt, and dowry deaths | National crime records bureau of India |
Nonviolent crimes | Total number of nonviolent crimes in a district includes robbery, burglary, theft, criminal breach of trust, cheating, and counterfeiting | National crime records bureau of India |
Remittances received | Total amount of remittances received by the household in the last 365 days in 1000 rupees | 64th round of the NSS from ICSSR data service |
Rainfall | Total rainfall in a district in the year 2006 in millimeters | India Meteorological Department database |
Historical rainfall | Average rainfall in a district for the years 1951–2000 in millimeters | India Meteorological Department database |
Controls | ||
Size of household | Size of household given by the number of members in the household | 64th round of the NSS from ICSSR data service |
Social group | Whether the household belongs to scheduled caste, scheduled tribe, other backward caste, or general category | 64th round of the NSS from ICSSR data service |
Education | General education level of the head of the household | 64th round of the NSS from ICSSR data service |
Urban households | A dummy variable for urban households, which takes the value of 1 for urban households and 0 for rural households | 64th round of the NSS from ICSSR data service |
Property owned | Property owned by a household is given by the size of land possessed in hectares | 64th round of the NSS from ICSSR data service |
Bank branches | Number of bank branches in a district in 2007 | Reserve Bank of India database |
Dependent variable | Remittances received (in 100,000 rupees) |
---|---|
Murder | 0.003 (0.84) |
Attempt to murder | 0.078** (0.02) |
Culpable homicide not amounting to murder | -0.004 (0.14) |
Kidnapping | 0.048** (0.03) |
Dacoity | 0.006* (0.07) |
Robbery | 0.056*** (0.006) |
Burglary | 0.151* (0.06) |
Theft | 0.347* (0.08) |
Riots | -0.085 (0.12) |
Breach of trust | 0.057*** (0.008) |
Cheating | 0.096 (0.18) |
Counterfeiting | 0.005 (0.15) |
Arson | 0.016 (0.25) |
Grievous hurt | 0.216 (0.41) |
Dowry deaths | 0.009** (0.02) |
Controls | Yes |
State fixed effects | Yes |
No. of observations | 21,149 |