Local peer group mean certification | 0.028 (0.019) | 0.021 (0.017) | 0.021 (0.017) | |
Local peer group mean license | 0.153 (0.058) | 0.130 (0.059) | 0.133 (0.059) | |
Local peer group mean wages | 11.746 (3.929) | 11.193 (3.755) | 10.220 (3.808) | 10.383 (3.823) |
Local group mean wages | 8.639 (1.181) | 8.570 (1.155) | 8.521 (1.152) | 8.530 (1.153) |
Local unemployment rate | 0.050 (0.014) | 0.050 (0.012) | 0.051 (0.013) | 0.050 (0.013) |
Local labor force participation rate | 0.832 (0.055) | 0.832 (0.055) | 0.827 (0.055) | 0.828 (0.055) |
Potential experience | 25.162 (12.316) | 26.130 (12.334) | 26.484 (13.794) | 26.410 (13.577) |
Male | 0.593 (0.491) | 0.512 (0.500) | 0.495 (0.500) | 0.499 (0.500) |
Married | 0.571 (0.495) | 0.589 (0.492) | 0.502 (0.500) | 0.515 (0.500) |
Any dependents | 0.380 (0.485) | 0.377 (0.485) | 0.311 (0.463) | 0.321 (0.467) |
N | 5,863 | 40,689 | 250,618 | 297,170 |
Percent | 2.00% | 13.70% | 84.30% | 100% |
OLS | 0.087 |
0.072 |
0.018 |
0.027 |
0.145 |
0.087 |
0.081 |
0.052 |
ATT | 0.353 |
0.073 (0.066) | −0.558 |
0.132 (0.091) | 1.662 |
1.216 |
−1.105 |
−0.428 |
ATE | 0.131 (0.103) | 0.166 |
0.193 (0.122) | 0.314 |
−0.615 |
−0.419 (0.267) | 0.542 (0.357) | 0.886 |
LATE | 0.271 |
0.089 (0.062) | −0.197 |
0.174 |
1.580 |
1.222 |
−0.916 |
−0.259 (0.178) |
2SLS | 0.049 (0.092) | 0.103 (0.092) | −0.348 |
−0.193 (0.144) | 0.579 |
0.479 |
−0.525 |
−0.997 |
ATUT | 0.088 (0.119) | 0.184 |
0.489 |
0.386 |
−0.695 |
−0.477 |
0.644 |
0.969 |
95,138 | 95,138 | 49,653 | 49,653 | 82,510 | 82,510 | 37,841 | 37,841 | |
Mean | 2.848 | 2.848 | 3.422 | 3.422 | 2.825 | 2.825 | 3.409 | 3.409 |
OLS | 0.096 |
0.064 |
0.128 |
0.092 |
0.119 |
0.087 |
0.121 |
0.079 |
ATT | 0.025 (0.097) | 0.440 |
−0.330 |
0.288 |
0.989 |
1.284 |
−1.174 |
0.128 (0.191) |
ATE | −0.086 (0.100) | −0.739 |
−0.179 |
0.047 (0.059) | −0.030 (0.340) | −1.660 |
−0.210 (0.279) | −0.560 |
LATE | −0.018 (0.077) | 0.016 (0.055) | −0.212 |
0.099 |
1.193 |
1.358 |
−1.104 |
−0.018 (0.177) |
2SLS | −0.095 (0.086) | −0.124 (0.107) | −0.342 |
−0.542 |
−0.898 |
−0.836 |
0.025 (0.312) | −0.510 |
ATUT | −0.110 (0.120) | −0.998 |
−0.075 (0.086) | −0.119 (0.086) | −0.057 (0.347) | −1.739 |
−0.153 (0.293) | −0.602 |
82,681 | 82,681 | 54,933 | 54,933 | 69,718 | 69,718 | 34,421 | 34,421 | |
Mean | 2.657 | 2.657 | 3.237 | 3.237 | 2.633 | 2.633 | 3.174 | 3.174 |
Sub-baccalaureate | OLS | 0.174 |
0.044 (0.044) | 0.218 |
0.103 |
0.074 (0.066) | 0.177 |
ATE | 0.397 |
0.013 (0.069) | 0.410 |
0.608 (0.561) | −0.460 |
0.145 (0.607) | |
Mean | 18.35 | 17.93 | |||||
At least bachelors | OLS | 0.267 |
0.003 (0.038) | 0.269 |
0.101 |
−0.016 (0.054) | 0.085 (0.078) |
ATE | 0.768 |
−0.003 (0.069) | 0.765 |
2.944 |
0.024 (0.178) | 2.968 |
|
Mean | 33.34 | 32.57 |
OLS | 0.095 |
0.138 |
0.164 |
ATT | 0.422 |
1.889 |
0.121 |
ATE | 0.260 |
0.232 (0.180) | 0.251 |
182,381 | 182,381 | 182,381 | |
Mean | 2.764 | 2.764 | 2.764 |
OLS | 0.095 |
0.138 |
0.164 |
ATT | 0.422 |
1.889 |
0.121 |
ATE | 0.260 |
0.232 (0.180) | 0.251 |
LATE | 0.372 |
2.011 |
0.424 |
2SLS | 0.383 |
1.785 |
1.250 |
ATUT | 0.227 |
0.181 (0.184) | 0.281 |
182,381 | 182,381 | 182,381 | |
Mean | 2.764 | 2.764 | 2.764 |
Sub-baccalaureate | Coef. | 0.798 |
0.659 |
0.425 |
0.489 |
0.239 |
0.198 |
Std. Error | 0.012 | 0.019 | 0.023 | 0.023 | 0.029 | 0.03 | |
F-stat. | 5,504.5 | 1,982.7 | 192.6 | 802.2 | 353.4 | 45 | |
Mean | 0.14 | 0.14 | 0.14 | 0.023 | 0.023 | 0.023 | |
N | 291,307 | 291,307 | 291,307 | 256,481 | 256,481 | 256,481 | |
Bachelor's degree or higher | Coef. | 0.810 |
0.615 |
0.422 |
0.404 |
0.232 |
0.207 |
Std. Error | 0.021 | 0.024 | 0.026 | 0.03 | 0.036 | 0.036 | |
F-stat. | 3,160.8 | 646.5 | 199.4 | 227.1 | 49.4 | 21.2 | |
Mean | 0.322 | 0.322 | 0.322 | 0.051 | 0.051 | 0.051 | |
N | 141,130 | 141,130 | 141,130 | 100,819 | 100,819 | 100,819 |
OLS | 0.095 |
0.072 |
0.079 |
0.063 |
0.138 |
0.090 |
0.099 |
0.063 |
ATT | 0.422 |
0.329 |
−0.539 |
0.121 |
1.889 |
1.435 |
−1.146 |
−0.287 |
ATE | 0.260 |
0.069 (0.063) | −0.192 |
0.080 (0.062) | 0.232 (0.180) | 0.095 (0.180) | 0.152 (0.211) | 0.049 (0.196) |
LATE | 0.372 |
0.241 |
−0.334 |
0.067 (0.055) | 2.011 |
1.583 |
−1.003 |
−0.257 |
2SLS | 0.383 |
0.453 |
−0.489 |
−0.644 |
1.785 |
1.511 |
−0.147 (0.204) | −0.424 |
ATUT | 0.227 |
0.015 (0.072) | −0.006 (0.075) | 0.057 (0.086) | 0.181 (0.184) | 0.053 (0.185) | 0.231 (0.222) | 0.069 (0.206) |
177,819 | 177,819 | 104,586 | 104,586 | 152,228 | 152,228 | 72,261 | 72,261 | |
Mean | 2.759 | 2.759 | 3.325 | 3.325 | 2.737 | 2.737 | 3.297 | 3.29 |
OLS | 0.019 |
0.011 |
0.011 |
0.003 (0.003) |
ATT | −0.126 |
0.048 (0.031) | −0.426 |
0.061 (0.066) |
ATE | 0.025 (0.027) | 0.018 (0.019) | 0.078 (0.071) | 0.234 |
LATE | −0.070 |
0.029 (0.022) | −0.429 |
0.110 |
2SLS | −0.000 (0.030) | 0.020 (0.024) | −0.301 |
−0.049 (0.065) |
ATUT | 0.056 |
0.006 (0.022) | 0.095 (0.073) | 0.244 |
115,193 | 58,417 | 98,991 | 43,804 | |
Mean | 0.943 | 0.977 | 0.938 | 0.973 |
OLS | 0.022 |
0.013 |
0.011 |
0.005 (0.003) |
ATT | 0.267 |
0.031 (0.025) | −0.295 |
0.246 |
ATE | 0.149 |
0.039 |
0.372 |
0.022 (0.060) |
LATE | 0.242 |
0.038 |
−0.304 |
0.252 |
2SLS | 0.235 |
0.033 |
−0.434 |
0.501 |
ATUT | 0.123 |
0.044 |
0.390 |
0.009 (0.064) |
94,813 | 61,597 | 79,628 | 39,050 | |
Mean | 0.945 | 0.976 | 0.940 | 0.970 |
Local peer group mean certification | 0.054 (0.027) | 0.048 (0.026) | 0.049 (0.026) | |
Local peer group mean license | 0.335 (0.085) | 0.308 (0.084) | 0.317 (0.085) | |
Local peer group mean wages | 23.887 (6.748) | 22.261 (6.402) | 23.190 (6.699) | 22.926 (6.626) |
Local group mean wages | 21.480 (3.432) | 20.721 (3.403) | 21.355 (3.515) | 21.163 (3.491) |
Local unemployment rate | 0.048 (0.011) | 0.049 (0.011) | 0.049 (0.011) | 0.049 (0.011) |
Local labor force participation rate | 0.842 (0.051) | 0.838 (0.053) | 0.838 (0.051) | 0.838 (0.052) |
Potential experience | 22.708 (11.145) | 23.136 (11.548) | 22.088 (12.294) | 22.435 (12.038) |
Male | 0.522 (0.500) | 0.397 (0.489) | 0.484 (0.500) | 0.458 (0.498) |
Married | 0.673 (0.469) | 0.698 (0.459) | 0.625 (0.484) | 0.649 (0.477) |
Any dependents | 0.421 (0.494) | 0.421 (0.494) | 0.360 (0.480) | 0.381 (0.486) |
N | 5,098 | 45,408 | 95,722 | 146,228 |
Percent | 3.50% | 31.10% | 65.50% | 100% |
OLS | 0.020 |
0.012 |
0.011 |
0.004* (0.002) |
ATT | −0.012 (0.023) | 0.044** (0.018) | −0.450 |
0.134 |
ATE | 0.149 |
0.039** (0.015) | 0.372 |
0.022 (0.060) |
LATE | 0.017 (0.018) | 0.036 |
−0.469 |
0.152 |
2SLS | 0.053** (0.021) | 0.030** (0.014) | −0.359 |
0.194 |
ATUT | 0.058 |
0.028** (0.013) | 0.082 (0.055) | 0.121** (0.053) |
210,006 | 120,014 | 178,619 | 82,854 | |
Mean | 0.944 | 0.976 | 0.939 | 0.972 |