This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Abeyasekera, A.L. (2016), Narratives of choice: marriage, choosing right and the responsibility of agency in urban middle-class Sri Lanka, Feminist Review, Vol. 113, No. 1, pp. 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1057/fr.2016.3.AbeyasekeraA.L.2016Narratives of choice: marriage, choosing right and the responsibility of agency in urban middle-class Sri Lanka1131116https://doi.org/10.1057/fr.2016.3.10.1057/fr.2016.3Search in Google Scholar
Adebiyi, J.A., Comfort, O.O.-O., Adedeji, O.A. (2017), Women empowerment in Nigeria: a retro-structural examination, Gender & Behaviour, Vol. 15, No. 3, pp. 9767–9785.AdebiyiJ.A.ComfortO.O.-O.AdedejiO.A.2017Women empowerment in Nigeria: a retro-structural examination15397679785Search in Google Scholar
Anczyk, A., Malita-Król, J. (2017), Women of power: the image of the witch and feminist movements in Poland. Pomegranate, Vol. 19, No. 2, pp. 205–232. https://doi.org/10.1558/pome.33300.AnczykA.Malita-KrólJ.2017Women of power: the image of the witch and feminist movements in Poland192205232https://doi.org/10.1558/pome.33300.10.1558/pome.33300Search in Google Scholar
Atkinson, R., Flint, J. (2004), Snowball sampling. in: M. Lewis-Beck, A. Bryman, T. Liao, (Eds), Encyclopaedia of social science research methods, California, Sage, Thousand Oaks, pp. 1044–1045.AtkinsonR.FlintJ.2004Snowball samplingin:Lewis-BeckM.BrymanA.LiaoT.(Eds),CaliforniaSage, Thousand Oaks10441045Search in Google Scholar
Bank for International Settlements (2020), The Covid-19 economic crisis: dangerously unique, Speech by Claudio Borio, National Association for Business Economics, Perspectives on the Pandemic Webinar Series. retrieved from https://www.bis.org/speeches/sp200722.pdf. [25th February 2021].Bank for International Settlements2020National Association for Business EconomicsPerspectives on the Pandemic Webinar Series. retrieved from https://www.bis.org/speeches/sp200722.pdf. [25th February 2021].Search in Google Scholar
Banovic, M., Reinders, M.J., Claret, A., Guerrero, L., Krystallis, A, (2019), A cross-cultural perspective on impact of health and nutrition claims, country-of-origin and eco-label on consumer choice of new aquaculture products, Food Research International, Vol. 123, pp. 36–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2019.04.031.BanovicM.ReindersM.J.ClaretA.GuerreroL.KrystallisA2019A cross-cultural perspective on impact of health and nutrition claims, country-of-origin and eco-label on consumer choice of new aquaculture products1233647https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2019.04.031.10.1016/j.foodres.2019.04.031Search in Google Scholar
Bernard, H.R. (2006), Research methods in anthropology: Qualitative and quantitative approaches, AltaMira Press, Lanham.BernardH.R.2006AltaMira PressLanhamSearch in Google Scholar
Biswas, A., Roy, M. (2015), Green products: an exploratory study on the consumer behaviour in emerging economies of the East, Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol. 87, No.1, pp. 463–468. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.09.075B.BiswasA.RoyM.2015Green products: an exploratory study on the consumer behaviour in emerging economies of the East871463468https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.09.075B.10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.09.075Search in Google Scholar
Bondy, T., Talwar, V. (2011), Through thick and thin: how fairtrade consumers have reacted to the global economic recession, Journal Business Ethics, Vol. 101, pp. 365–383. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-010-0726-4.BondyT.TalwarV.2011Through thick and thin: how fairtrade consumers have reacted to the global economic recession101365383https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-010-0726-4.10.1007/s10551-010-0726-4Search in Google Scholar
Brennan, B. (2011), Why she buys. The new strategy for reaching the world's most powerful consumers, Crown Business, New York.BrennanB.2011Crown BusinessNew YorkSearch in Google Scholar
Busch, R., Gassemi, K., Papastamatelou, J., Unger, Al., May, Ch. (2020), Perception of formal and informal institutions by entrepreneurs in China, Morocco, and Germany – a cross-cultural pilot study, International Journal of Management and Economics, Vol. 56, No. 4, pp. 324–338. https://doi.org/10.2478/ijme-2020-0026.BuschR.GassemiK.PapastamatelouJ.UngerAl.MayCh.2020Perception of formal and informal institutions by entrepreneurs in China, Morocco, and Germany – a cross-cultural pilot study564324338https://doi.org/10.2478/ijme-2020-0026.10.2478/ijme-2020-0026Search in Google Scholar
Carfagna, L.B., Dubois, E.A., Fitzmaurice, C., Ouimette, M.Y., Schor, J.B., Willis, M., Laidley, T. (2014), An emerging eco-habitus: the reconfiguration of high cultural capital practices among ethical consumers, Journal of Consumer Culture, Vol. 14, No. 2, pp. 158–178. https://doi.org/10.1177/1469540514526227.CarfagnaL.B.DuboisE.A.FitzmauriceC.OuimetteM.Y.SchorJ.B.WillisM.LaidleyT.2014An emerging eco-habitus: the reconfiguration of high cultural capital practices among ethical consumers142158178https://doi.org/10.1177/1469540514526227.10.1177/1469540514526227Search in Google Scholar
Cavusgil, S.T., Deligonul, S., Kardes, I., Cavusgil, E. (2018), Middle-class consumers in emerging markets: conceptualization, propositions, and implications for international marketers, Journal of International Marketing, Vol. 26, No. 3, pp. 94–108. https://doi.org/10.1509/jim.16.0021.CavusgilS.T.DeligonulS.KardesI.CavusgilE.2018Middle-class consumers in emerging markets: conceptualization, propositions, and implications for international marketers26394108https://doi.org/10.1509/jim.16.0021.10.1509/jim.16.0021Search in Google Scholar
Chandrasekara, R., Wijetunga, D. (2016), Tension between values of traditional and consumerist cultures in a Sri Lankan context: a self-discrepancy perspective, Journal of International Consumer Marketing, Vol. 28, No. 5, pp. 309–322. https://doi.org/10.1080/08961530.2016.1180569.ChandrasekaraR.WijetungaD.2016Tension between values of traditional and consumerist cultures in a Sri Lankan context: a self-discrepancy perspective285309322https://doi.org/10.1080/08961530.2016.1180569.10.1080/08961530.2016.1180569Search in Google Scholar
Cypher, J.M. (2013), Mexico: prosperous, competitive, undergoing an economic renaissance? NACLA Report on the Americas, Vol. 46, No. 2, pp. 16–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/10714839.2013.11721990.CypherJ.M.2013Mexico: prosperous, competitive, undergoing an economic renaissance?4621621https://doi.org/10.1080/10714839.2013.11721990.10.1080/10714839.2013.11721990Search in Google Scholar
Dizono, C. (2020), Survey: How is COVID-19 Changing Consumer & eCommerce Trends? retrieved from https://www.yotpo.com/blog/survey-how-is-covid-19-changing-consumer-ecommerce-trends [15th May 2020].DizonoC.2020retrieved from https://www.yotpo.com/blog/survey-how-is-covid-19-changing-consumer-ecommerce-trends [15th May 2020].Search in Google Scholar
Euromonitor‘s 2011 Annual Study, retrieved from https://blog.euromonitor.com/how-to-prepare-for-the-2020-consumer/ [15th May 2020].retrieved from https://blog.euromonitor.com/how-to-prepare-for-the-2020-consumer/ [15th May 2020].Search in Google Scholar
Findlay, S. (2013), Nouveau-Riche and loving it, Canadian Business, Vol. 86 No. 11/12, pp. 52–53.FindlayS.2013Nouveau-Riche and loving it8611/125253Search in Google Scholar
Govender, K., Govender, K.K. (2013), Shopping habits, brand loyalty and brand preference: exploring consumers behaviour during a recession, Business Management and Strategy, Vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 12–28. ISSN 2157-6068. https://doi.org/10.5296/bms.v4i2.4674.GovenderK.GovenderK.K.2013Shopping habits, brand loyalty and brand preference: exploring consumers behaviour during a recession421228ISSN 2157-6068. https://doi.org/10.5296/bms.v4i2.4674.10.5296/bms.v4i2.4674Search in Google Scholar
Guterres, A. (2020), Protect the environment, prevent pandemics, ‘nature is sending us a clear message’. United Nations News – Climate and Environment 5 June 2020, retrieved from https://news.un.org/en/story/2020/06/1065692 [18th August 2020].GuterresA.2020United Nations News – Climate and Environment 5 June 2020, retrieved from https://news.un.org/en/story/2020/06/1065692 [18th August 2020].Search in Google Scholar
Hampson, D.P., Grimes, A., Banister, E., McGoldrick, P.J. (2018), A typology of consumers based on money attitudes after major recession, Journal of Business Research, Vol. 91, pp. 159–168. ISSN 0148-2963. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.06.011.HampsonD.P.GrimesA.BanisterE.McGoldrickP.J.2018A typology of consumers based on money attitudes after major recession91159168ISSN 0148-2963. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.06.011.10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.06.011Search in Google Scholar
Hampson, D.P., McGoldrick, P.J. (2013), A typology of adaptive shopping patterns in recession, Journal of Business Research, Vol. 66, No. 7, pp. 831–838. ISSN 0148-963. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2011.06.008.HampsonD.P.McGoldrickP.J.2013A typology of adaptive shopping patterns in recession667831838ISSN 0148-963. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2011.06.008.10.1016/j.jbusres.2011.06.008Search in Google Scholar
Herrera, C., Agoff, M.C. (2019), Goodbye to the golden cage: transformations in gender norms and family morality for working-class women in occupations considered masculine in Mexico, Gender, Work & Organization, Vol. 26, No. 9, pp. 1324–1339. https://doi.org/10.1111/gwao.12342.HerreraC.AgoffM.C.2019Goodbye to the golden cage: transformations in gender norms and family morality for working-class women in occupations considered masculine in Mexico26913241339https://doi.org/10.1111/gwao.12342.10.1111/gwao.12342Search in Google Scholar
Hornibrook, S., May, C., Fearne, A. (2015), Sustainable development and the consumer: exploring the role of carbon labelling in retail supply chains, Business Strategy and the Environment, Vol. 24, No. 4, pp. 266–276.HornibrookS.MayC.FearneA.2015Sustainable development and the consumer: exploring the role of carbon labelling in retail supply chains24426627610.1002/bse.1823Search in Google Scholar
Inglot, T., Szikra, D., Raţ, C. (2012), Reforming post-communist welfare states, Problems of Post-Communism, Vol. 59, No. 6, pp. 27–49. https://doi.org/10.2753/PPC1075-8216590603.InglotT.SzikraD.RaţC.2012Reforming post-communist welfare states5962749https://doi.org/10.2753/PPC1075-8216590603.10.2753/PPC1075-8216590603Search in Google Scholar
Kardes, I. (2016), Reaching middle class consumers in emerging markets: unlocking market potential through urban-based analysis, International Business Review, Vol. 25, No. 3, pp. 703–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2016.03.005.KardesI.2016Reaching middle class consumers in emerging markets: unlocking market potential through urban-based analysis25370310https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2016.03.005.10.1016/j.ibusrev.2016.03.005Search in Google Scholar
Kotze, H., Garcia, R.C. (2017), Institutions, crises, and political confidence in seven contemporary democracies. An elite-mass analysis, Journal of Public Affairs, Vol. 17, No. 1/2, pp. 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1002/pa.1642.KotzeH.GarciaR.C.2017Institutions, crises, and political confidence in seven contemporary democracies. An elite-mass analysis171/2117https://doi.org/10.1002/pa.1642.10.1002/pa.1642Search in Google Scholar
Malter, M.S., Holbrook, M.B., Kahn, B.E., Parker J.R., Lehmann, D.R. (2020), The past, present, and future of consumer research, Marketing Letters, Vol. 31, pp. 137–149. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11002-020-09526-8.MalterM.S.HolbrookM.B.KahnB.E.ParkerJ.R.LehmannD.R.2020The past, present, and future of consumer research31137149https://doi.org/10.1007/s11002-020-09526-8.10.1007/s11002-020-09526-8Search in Google Scholar
Mankiw, N.G., Taylor, M.P. (2015), Mikroekonomia, PWE, Warszawa.MankiwN.G.TaylorM.P.2015PWEWarszawaSearch in Google Scholar
Marsh, L.L., Li, H. (Ed). (2016), The middle class in emerging societies. Consumers, lifestyles and markets, Routledge, New York and London.MarshL.L.LiH.(Ed).2016RoutledgeNew York and London10.4324/9781315717692Search in Google Scholar
Marzouk, O.A., Mahrous, A.A. (2020), Sustainable consumption behavior of energy and water-efficient products in a resource-constrained environment, Journal of Global Marketing, Vol. 33, No. 5, pp. 335–353. https://doi.org/10.1080/08911762.2019.1709005.MarzoukO.A.MahrousA.A.2020Sustainable consumption behavior of energy and water-efficient products in a resource-constrained environment335335353https://doi.org/10.1080/08911762.2019.1709005.10.1080/08911762.2019.1709005Search in Google Scholar
McKinsey & Company (2020), Survey: Nigerian consumer sentiment during the coronavirus crisis, retrieved from https://mckinsey.com/business-functions/marketing-and-sales/our-insights/survey-nigerian-consumer-sentiment-during-the-coronavirus-crisis# [15th February 2021].McKinsey & Company2020retrieved from https://mckinsey.com/business-functions/marketing-and-sales/our-insights/survey-nigerian-consumer-sentiment-during-the-coronavirus-crisis# [15th February 2021].Search in Google Scholar
Miczyńska-Kowalska, M. (2020), Consumption and sustainable development: ethical aspects, Problemy Ekorozwoju, Vol. 15, No. 1, pp. 81–88.Miczyńska-KowalskaM.2020Consumption and sustainable development: ethical aspects151818810.35784/pe.2020.1.09Search in Google Scholar
Mohan, P. (2019), This is why everyone thinks they are middle class (even if they aren’t), Fast Company, retrieved from https://fastcompany.com/90330573/who-is-actually-middle-class [16th November 2020].MohanP.2019Fast Companyretrieved from https://fastcompany.com/90330573/who-is-actually-middle-class [16th November 2020].Search in Google Scholar
Munshi, N. (2020), Nigerian economy at risk of ‘unravelling’, warns World Bank. Financial Times, https://www.ft.com/content/14f600e9-2a7b-4a59-be67-f6485b256e99 [10th June 2021].MunshiN.2020Nigerian economy at risk of ‘unravelling’, warns World Bankhttps://www.ft.com/content/14f600e9-2a7b-4a59-be67-f6485b256e99 [10th June 2021].Search in Google Scholar
OECD (2019), Under pressure: the squeezed middle class, OECD Publishing, https://doi.org/10.1787/689afed1-en.OECD2019OECD Publishinghttps://doi.org/10.1787/689afed1-en.10.1787/689afed1-enSearch in Google Scholar
Ost, D. (2015), Stuck in the past and the future: class analysis in postcommunist Poland, East European Politics & Societies, Vol. 29, No. 3, pp. 610–624. https://doi.org/10.1177/0888325415602058.OstD.2015Stuck in the past and the future: class analysis in postcommunist Poland293610624https://doi.org/10.1177/0888325415602058.10.1177/0888325415602058Search in Google Scholar
Pieris, A. (2011), “Tropical” cosmopolitanism? The untoward legacy of the American style in postindependence Ceylon/Sri Lanka, Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography, Vol. 32, No. 3, pp. 332–349. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9493.2011.00436.x.PierisA.2011“Tropical” cosmopolitanism? The untoward legacy of the American style in postindependence Ceylon/Sri Lanka323332349https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9493.2011.00436.x.10.1111/j.1467-9493.2011.00436.xSearch in Google Scholar
Poortinga, W., Sautkina, E., Thomas, G.O., Wolstenholme, E. (2016), The English plastic bag charge: changes in attitudes and behaviour, [Project Report], Welsh School of Architecture, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, p. 5. retrieved from http://orca.cf.ac.uk/94652/1/Cardiff_University_Plastic_Bag_Report_A4%20(final%20proof).pdf [27th March 2021].PoortingaW.SautkinaE.ThomasG.O.WolstenholmeE.2016[Project Report], Welsh School of Architecture, School of Psychology, Cardiff University5retrieved from http://orca.cf.ac.uk/94652/1/Cardiff_University_Plastic_Bag_Report_A4%20(final%20proof).pdf [27th March 2021].Search in Google Scholar
Ratnayake, R. (2015), Traditional small retail shops vs. emerging supermarkets and shopping malls in a Sri Lankan City, Bhumi, The Planning Research Journal, Vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 44–57. http://doi.org/10.4038/bhumi.v4i1.4.RatnayakeR.2015Traditional small retail shops vs. emerging supermarkets and shopping malls in a Sri Lankan City414457http://doi.org/10.4038/bhumi.v4i1.4.10.4038/bhumi.v4i1.4Search in Google Scholar
Rodas, P.A., Molini, V., Oseni, G. (2019), No condition is permanent: middle class in Nigeria in the last decade, Journal of Development Studies, Vol. 55, No. 2, pp. 294–310. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2017.1366453.RodasP.A.MoliniV.OseniG.2019No condition is permanent: middle class in Nigeria in the last decade552294310https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2017.1366453.10.1080/00220388.2017.1366453Search in Google Scholar
Sajn, N. (2020), European parliament think tank, sustainable consumption: helping consumers make eco-friendly choices, retrieved from https://www.europarl.europa.eu/thinktank/en/document.html?reference=EPRS_BRI(2020)659295 [16th December 2020].SajnN.2020retrieved from https://www.europarl.europa.eu/thinktank/en/document.html?reference=EPRS_BRI(2020)659295 [16th December 2020].Search in Google Scholar
Santander Consumer Bank (2021), Polaków portfel własny: zakupy w dobie pandemii, retrieved from https://www.blog.santanderconsumer.pl/blisko-ciebie/santander-consumer-bank-wita-nowy-rok-kolejnym-raportem-z-serii-polakow-portfel-wlasny,1,102.html [9th June 2021].Santander Consumer Bank2021retrieved from https://www.blog.santanderconsumer.pl/blisko-ciebie/santander-consumer-bank-wita-nowy-rok-kolejnym-raportem-z-serii-polakow-portfel-wlasny,1,102.html [9th June 2021].Search in Google Scholar
Santander Trade Portal (2021), Analyze market trends. Mexico: reaching the consumer, retrieved from https://santandertrade.com/en/portal/analyse-markets/mexico/reaching-the-consumers [20th February 2021].Santander Trade Portal2021retrieved from https://santandertrade.com/en/portal/analyse-markets/mexico/reaching-the-consumers [20th February 2021].Search in Google Scholar
Shimeles, A., Ncube, M. (2015), The making of the middleclass in Africa: evidence from DHS data, The Journal of Development Studies, Vol. 51, No. 2, pp. 178–193. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2014.968137.ShimelesA.NcubeM.2015The making of the middleclass in Africa: evidence from DHS data512178193https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2014.968137.10.1080/00220388.2014.968137Search in Google Scholar
Sudman, S. (1976), Applied sampling, Academic Press, New York.SudmanS.1976Academic PressNew YorkSearch in Google Scholar
Veiga Neto, A.R., Pereira da Silva, A.W., de Alencar Caldas, M.V., da Silva Barreto, L.K., El-Aouar, W.A. (2020), Environmental marketing: The green appeal of certified products and consumer perception, Revista Em Agronegócios e Meio Ambiente, Vol. 13, No. 4, pp. 1365–1390. https://doi.org/10.17765/2176-9168.2020v13n4p1365-1390.Veiga NetoA.R.Pereira da SilvaA.W.de Alencar CaldasM.V.da Silva BarretoL.K.El-AouarW.A.2020Environmental marketing: The green appeal of certified products and consumer perception13413651390https://doi.org/10.17765/2176-9168.2020v13n4p1365-1390.10.17765/2176-9168.2020v13n4p1365-1390Search in Google Scholar
Weisser, C. (2014), What's your money state of mind? CNN Money.com, pp. 67–69.WeisserC.2014What's your money state of mind?6769Search in Google Scholar
World Bank (2021), The World Bank in Sri Lanka Overview, retrieved from https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/srilanka/overview [11th June 2021].World Bank2021retrieved from https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/srilanka/overview [11th June 2021].Search in Google Scholar
World Value Survey (2021), Wave 2017–2020, retrieved from https://worldvaluessurvey.org/WVSOnline.jsp [25th March 2021].World Value Survey2021retrieved from https://worldvaluessurvey.org/WVSOnline.jsp [25th March 2021].Search in Google Scholar
Worldometer (2021), Population: World, retrieved from https://www.worldometers.info/population/world [3rd February 2021].Worldometer2021retrieved from https://www.worldometers.info/population/world [3rd February 2021].Search in Google Scholar