Perception of formal and informal institutions by entrepreneurs in China, Morocco, and Germany – A cross-cultural pilot study
Article Category: Empirical Paper
Online veröffentlicht: 06. Nov. 2020
Seitenbereich: 324 - 338
Eingereicht: 04. Jan. 2020
Akzeptiert: 24. Sept. 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/ijme-2020-0026
Schlüsselwörter
© 2020 Rainer Busch et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Introduction and Aims
Entrepreneurship and the business environment, in general, are being influenced by the existence of formal and informal institutions. This study focuses on the negative versus positive perceptions of Moroccan, Chinese, and German entrepreneurs to formal and informal institutions, and the associations of these perceptions with self-efficacy and market versus network orientation of the business environment.
Methods
In a sample of
Results
In all three cultural contexts, both formal and informal institutions play a significant role because of different reasons.
Conclusion
The nature of entrepreneurship is complex as both formal and informal institutional factors are differently associated with businesses. The results could enhance the understanding regarding the coexistence of formal or informal institutions within the business environments of different countries and the connections between business orientation and self-efficacy.