Investigation of the Effect of Needle Diameter and the Solution Flow Rate on Fiber Morphology in the Electrospinning Method

Fig. 1.

Normality test and test of homogeneity of variances

Diameter	Flow rate	Kolmogorov Simirnov statistic	df	Sig.
	0.5 ml/hr	0.96	120	0.09
	1 ml/hr	0.94	120	0.14
	1.5 ml/hr	0.94	120	0.20
Test of homogeneity of variances
Diameter		Levene statistic	df	Sig.
		0.56	358	0.89

t-test results

Group	N	Mean	Standard Deviation	t	df	Sig.
20G	120	456.054	13.67	4.320	238	0.001
22G	120	435.287	15.44

Histogram graphs of nanofibers obtained with different diameter needles

Needle	Histogram graphs
20G
22G

Experimental parameters

Distance between electrodes	20 cm
Voltage amount	20 kV
Needle diameter	22G
Metal collector material	Copper
Metal collector thickness	10 mm
Metal collector shape	Circle (10 cm diameter)
Flow rate	0.5-1-1.5 ml/hr

Histogram graps of nanofibers obtained at different flow rates

Flow rate	Histogram graphs
0.5 ml/hr
1 ml/hr
1.5 ml/hr

SEM images and appearance on the paper surface

Flow rate	0.5 ml/hr	1 ml/hr	1.5 ml/hr
SEM
Appearance on the paper surface

Analysis of variance and Tukey test results

One-Way Anova		Sum of squares	df	Mean squared	F	Sig.
	Between groups	45950.16	2	22975.08	175.93	0.000
	Within groups	46620.39	357	130.59
	Total	92570.54	359
	(I) Flow rate	(J) Flow rate	Average difference (I-J)	Sig.
Tukey test	0.5 ml/hour	1 ml/hour	-11.97	0.000
		1.5 ml/hour	-27.59	0.000
	1 ml/hour	0.5 ml/hour	11.97	0.000
		1.5 ml/hour	-15.62	0.000
	1.5 ml/hour	0.5 ml/hour	27.59	0.000
		1 ml/hour	15.62	0.000