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Does the sunblock alleviate abiotic stress in mango trees grown in the tropical semiarid?

Anderson R. L. Silva
Anderson R. L. Silva
, 
Ítalo H. L. Cavalcante
Ítalo H. L. Cavalcante
, 
Marcelle A. Silva
Marcelle A. Silva
, 
Vespasiano B. Paiva Neto
Vespasiano B. Paiva Neto
, 
Renata A. Amariz
Renata A. Amariz
 und 
Letícia Y. A. Amorim
Letícia Y. A. Amorim
   | 08. Dez. 2022
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Article Category: Original Article
Online veröffentlicht: 08. Dez. 2022
Seitenbereich: 211 - 221
Eingereicht: 23. Juni 2022
Akzeptiert: 10. Okt. 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/fhort-2022-0016
Schlüsselwörter
© 2022 Anderson R. L. Silva et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Figure 1

Maximum, minimum and average air temperature, air humidity and rainfall recorded during the execution of the experiment.
Maximum, minimum and average air temperature, air humidity and rainfall recorded during the execution of the experiment.

Figure 2

Net photosynthesis – A (A) and leaf transpiration – E (B) of “Palmer” mango trees as a function of sunblock strategies and days after treatments. Points with the same lowercase letters do not differ on each evaluation date by Tukey's test at 0.01 probability level. Vertical lines indicate error bars. (T1) control (no sunblock); (T2) calcium carbonate (50 g · L−1); (T3) sunblock (5 mL · L−1); (T4) sunblock (5 mL · L−1); (T5) sunblock (5 mL · L−1) + sunblock silicon concentrated (20 mL · L−1) and (T6) sunblock (20 mL · L−1).
Net photosynthesis – A (A) and leaf transpiration – E (B) of “Palmer” mango trees as a function of sunblock strategies and days after treatments. Points with the same lowercase letters do not differ on each evaluation date by Tukey's test at 0.01 probability level. Vertical lines indicate error bars. (T1) control (no sunblock); (T2) calcium carbonate (50 g · L−1); (T3) sunblock (5 mL · L−1); (T4) sunblock (5 mL · L−1); (T5) sunblock (5 mL · L−1) + sunblock silicon concentrated (20 mL · L−1) and (T6) sunblock (20 mL · L−1).

Figure 3

Total soluble carbohydrate concentrations (TSC) in “Palmer” mango leaves as a function of sunblock strategies and days after treatments. Points with the same lowercase letters do not differ on each evaluation date by Tukey's test at 0.01 probability level. Vertical lines indicate error bars. (T1) control (no sunblock); (T2) calcium carbonate (50 g · L−1); (T3) sunblock (5 mL · L−1); (T4) sunblock (5 mL · L−1) + calcium carbonate (50 g · L−1); (T5) sunblock (5 mL · L−1) + sunblock silicon concentrated (20 mL · L−1) and (T6) sunblock (20 mL · L−1).
Total soluble carbohydrate concentrations (TSC) in “Palmer” mango leaves as a function of sunblock strategies and days after treatments. Points with the same lowercase letters do not differ on each evaluation date by Tukey's test at 0.01 probability level. Vertical lines indicate error bars. (T1) control (no sunblock); (T2) calcium carbonate (50 g · L−1); (T3) sunblock (5 mL · L−1); (T4) sunblock (5 mL · L−1) + calcium carbonate (50 g · L−1); (T5) sunblock (5 mL · L−1) + sunblock silicon concentrated (20 mL · L−1) and (T6) sunblock (20 mL · L−1).

Figure 4

Leaf concentrations of starch (A) and α-amylase activity (B) of “Palmer” mango trees as a function of sunblock strategies and days after treatments. Points with the same lowercase letters do not differ on each evaluation date by Tukey's test at 0.01 probability level. Vertical lines indicate error bars. FM = fresh mass; (T1) control (no sunblock); (T2) calcium carbonate (50 g · L−1); (T3) sunblock (5 mL · L−1); (T4) sunblock (5 mL · L−1) + calcium carbonate (50 g · L−1); (T5) sunblock (5 mL · L−1) + sunblock silicon concentrated (20 mL · L−1) and (T6) sunblock (20 mL · L−1).
Leaf concentrations of starch (A) and α-amylase activity (B) of “Palmer” mango trees as a function of sunblock strategies and days after treatments. Points with the same lowercase letters do not differ on each evaluation date by Tukey's test at 0.01 probability level. Vertical lines indicate error bars. FM = fresh mass; (T1) control (no sunblock); (T2) calcium carbonate (50 g · L−1); (T3) sunblock (5 mL · L−1); (T4) sunblock (5 mL · L−1) + calcium carbonate (50 g · L−1); (T5) sunblock (5 mL · L−1) + sunblock silicon concentrated (20 mL · L−1) and (T6) sunblock (20 mL · L−1).

Figure 5

Leaf activity of catalase – CAT (A) and ascorbate peroxidase – APX (B) enzymes of “Palmer” mango trees as a function of sunblock strategies and days after treatments. Points with the same lowercase letters do not differ on each evaluation date by Tukey's test at 0.01 probability level. Vertical lines indicate error bars. (T1) control (no sunblock); (T2) calcium carbonate (50 g · L−1); (T3) sunblock (5 mL · L−1); (T4) sunblock (5 mL · L−1) + calcium carbonate (50 g · L−1); (T5) sunblock (5 mL · L−1) + sunblock silicon concentrated (20 mL · L−1) and (T6) sunblock (20 mL · L−1).
Leaf activity of catalase – CAT (A) and ascorbate peroxidase – APX (B) enzymes of “Palmer” mango trees as a function of sunblock strategies and days after treatments. Points with the same lowercase letters do not differ on each evaluation date by Tukey's test at 0.01 probability level. Vertical lines indicate error bars. (T1) control (no sunblock); (T2) calcium carbonate (50 g · L−1); (T3) sunblock (5 mL · L−1); (T4) sunblock (5 mL · L−1) + calcium carbonate (50 g · L−1); (T5) sunblock (5 mL · L−1) + sunblock silicon concentrated (20 mL · L−1) and (T6) sunblock (20 mL · L−1).

Figure 6

Details of treatment distribution on leaves of “Palmer” mango trees as a function of sunblock strategies. (T1) control (no sunblock); (T2) calcium carbonate (50 g · L−1); (T3) sunblock (5 mL · L−1); (T4) sunblock (5 mL · L−1) + calcium carbonate (50 g · L−1); (T5) sunblock (5 mL · L−1) + sunblock silicon concentrated (20 mL · L−1) and (T6) sunblock (20 mL · L−1).
Details of treatment distribution on leaves of “Palmer” mango trees as a function of sunblock strategies. (T1) control (no sunblock); (T2) calcium carbonate (50 g · L−1); (T3) sunblock (5 mL · L−1); (T4) sunblock (5 mL · L−1) + calcium carbonate (50 g · L−1); (T5) sunblock (5 mL · L−1) + sunblock silicon concentrated (20 mL · L−1) and (T6) sunblock (20 mL · L−1).

Figure 7

Fruit yield of “Palmer” mango trees as a function of sunblock strategies. Grey bars with the same lowercase letters do not differ by Tukey's test at 0.01 probability level. Vertical lines indicate error bars. (T1) control (no sunblock); (T2) calcium carbonate (50 g · L−1); (T3) sunblock (5 mL · L−1); (T4) sunblock (5 mL · L−1) + calcium carbonate (50 g · L−1); (T5) sunblock (5 mL · L−1) + sunblock silicon concentrated (20 mL · L−1) and (T6) sunblock (20 mL · L−1).
Fruit yield of “Palmer” mango trees as a function of sunblock strategies. Grey bars with the same lowercase letters do not differ by Tukey's test at 0.01 probability level. Vertical lines indicate error bars. (T1) control (no sunblock); (T2) calcium carbonate (50 g · L−1); (T3) sunblock (5 mL · L−1); (T4) sunblock (5 mL · L−1) + calcium carbonate (50 g · L−1); (T5) sunblock (5 mL · L−1) + sunblock silicon concentrated (20 mL · L−1) and (T6) sunblock (20 mL · L−1).

Chemical and physical characteristics of the soil (0–30 cm soil depth) in the experimental site before the execution of the experiment.

Soil characteristic Value
Organic matter (%) 2.61
pH (in KCl) 5.38
Ca2+ (cmolc· dm−3) 3.6
Mg2+ (cmolc· dm−3) 1.14
Al3+ (cmolc· dm−3) 0.06
K+ (cmolc· dm−3) 0.78
Na+ (cmolc· dm−3) 0.18
P (mg · dm−3) 14.84

Leaf nutrient concentrations of the “Palmer” mango orchard before the experiment.

N P K Ca Mg Mn Fe Zn B
________________________________________ g · kg−1 ________________________________________ ________________________________________ mg· kg−1 ________________________________________
8.82 2.48 11.58 28.78 2.76 426.17 55.01 26.98 108.72
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