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Meiotic behaviour and pollen fertility of F1, F2 and BC1 progenies of Iris dichotoma and I. domestica

Wenji Xu
Wenji Xu
, 
Gangjun Luo
Gangjun Luo
, 
Xiaoyin Lian
Xiaoyin Lian
, 
Fengyang Yu
Fengyang Yu
, 
Yang Zheng
Yang Zheng
, 
Jiajun Lei
Jiajun Lei
 und 
Xiaoying Bi
Xiaoying Bi
   | 15. Mai 2021
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Article Category: Original Article
Online veröffentlicht: 15. Mai 2021
Seitenbereich: 173 - 183
Eingereicht: 07. Feb. 2021
Akzeptiert: 09. Apr. 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/fhort-2021-0013
Schlüsselwörter
© 2021 Wenji Xu et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Figure 1

The flower of I. dichotoma (Y2), I. domestica (S3) and their hybrid progenies: A – I. dichotoma (Y2); B – I. domestica (S3); C – F1-5; D – F2-1; E – F2-2; F – F2-3; G – BC1-S-1; H – BC1-S-2; I – BC1-S-3; J–BC1-S-4; K – BC1-Y-1; l – BC1-Y-2.
The flower of I. dichotoma (Y2), I. domestica (S3) and their hybrid progenies: A – I. dichotoma (Y2); B – I. domestica (S3); C – F1-5; D – F2-1; E – F2-2; F – F2-3; G – BC1-S-1; H – BC1-S-2; I – BC1-S-3; J–BC1-S-4; K – BC1-Y-1; l – BC1-Y-2.

Figure 2

Normal meiosis process of pollen mother cells in I. dichotoma (Y2), I. domestica (S3) and their hybrid progenies: A – pollen mother cell (BC1-S-2); B – leptotene (BC1-S-2); C – zygotene (BC1-S-2); D – pachytene (BC1-S-4); E – the diffuse appearance of diplotene (F1-5); F – late diplotene (BC1-Y-1); G – late diplotene (F2-3); H – diakinesis (BC1-S-4); I – metaphase I (BC1-S-2); J – anaphase I (BC1-S-4); K – telophase I (BC1-S-2); L – prophase II (BC1-S-2); M – metaphase II (BC1-Y-2); N – anaphase II (F1-5); O – telophase II (BC1-S-4); P – telophase II (BC1-S-2); Q, R – tetrad (BC1-S-4); S – tetrad spores (BC1-S-4); T – pollen (Y2).
Normal meiosis process of pollen mother cells in I. dichotoma (Y2), I. domestica (S3) and their hybrid progenies: A – pollen mother cell (BC1-S-2); B – leptotene (BC1-S-2); C – zygotene (BC1-S-2); D – pachytene (BC1-S-4); E – the diffuse appearance of diplotene (F1-5); F – late diplotene (BC1-Y-1); G – late diplotene (F2-3); H – diakinesis (BC1-S-4); I – metaphase I (BC1-S-2); J – anaphase I (BC1-S-4); K – telophase I (BC1-S-2); L – prophase II (BC1-S-2); M – metaphase II (BC1-Y-2); N – anaphase II (F1-5); O – telophase II (BC1-S-4); P – telophase II (BC1-S-2); Q, R – tetrad (BC1-S-4); S – tetrad spores (BC1-S-4); T – pollen (Y2).

Figure 3

Abnormal meiosis phenomena in pollen mother cells of F1, F2 and BC1 plants from the cross I. dichotoma (Y2) × I. domestica (S3): A, B – non-congression in metaphase I of F2-2 and F1-5, respectively; C – laggard chromosomes in anaphase I of BC1-Y-1; D – bridge in anaphase I of BC1-S-2; E – double bridges in anaphase I of F2-3; F – thick bridge in anaphase I of BC1-S-1; G – unequal separation in telophase I of F2-1; H – micronuclei in telophase I of BC1-S-2; I – non-congression in metaphase II of BC1-S-3; J – early separation in metaphase II of BC1-S-1; K – tripolar spindle fibres in metaphase II of F2-1; L – perpendicular spindle fibres in metaphase II of BC1-S-1; M – laggard chromosomes in anaphase II of BC1-S-2; N – bridge in anaphase II of F2-3; O – tripolar spindle fibres in anaphase II of F2-1; P, Q – perpendicular spindle fibres in anaphase II of F1-5 and BC1-S-2, respectively; R – multiple spindle fibres of BC1-S-3; S, T – not synchronous division in anaphase II of F1-5 and F2-3, respectively; U, V – unequal separation in telophase II of BC1-S-4; W – unequal separation in telophase II of BC1-S-4; X – unequal separation in telophase II of BC1-S-2; Y – two micronuclei in telophase II of BC1-S-2.
Abnormal meiosis phenomena in pollen mother cells of F1, F2 and BC1 plants from the cross I. dichotoma (Y2) × I. domestica (S3): A, B – non-congression in metaphase I of F2-2 and F1-5, respectively; C – laggard chromosomes in anaphase I of BC1-Y-1; D – bridge in anaphase I of BC1-S-2; E – double bridges in anaphase I of F2-3; F – thick bridge in anaphase I of BC1-S-1; G – unequal separation in telophase I of F2-1; H – micronuclei in telophase I of BC1-S-2; I – non-congression in metaphase II of BC1-S-3; J – early separation in metaphase II of BC1-S-1; K – tripolar spindle fibres in metaphase II of F2-1; L – perpendicular spindle fibres in metaphase II of BC1-S-1; M – laggard chromosomes in anaphase II of BC1-S-2; N – bridge in anaphase II of F2-3; O – tripolar spindle fibres in anaphase II of F2-1; P, Q – perpendicular spindle fibres in anaphase II of F1-5 and BC1-S-2, respectively; R – multiple spindle fibres of BC1-S-3; S, T – not synchronous division in anaphase II of F1-5 and F2-3, respectively; U, V – unequal separation in telophase II of BC1-S-4; W – unequal separation in telophase II of BC1-S-4; X – unequal separation in telophase II of BC1-S-2; Y – two micronuclei in telophase II of BC1-S-2.

Figure 4

The meiosis sporad in I. dichotoma (Y2), I. domestica (S3) and their hybrid progenies: A – monad of F2-1; B – dyad of BC1-S-3; C – dyad of F2-2; D – triad of BC1-Y-1; E – triad of BC1-S-3; F – triad of F2-3; G – tetrad of F1-5; H – tetrad of BC1-S-2; I – tetrad of BC1-S-1; J – pentad of BC1-S-2; K – pentad of BC1-S-4; L – polyad of F2-3; M – polyad of BC1-S-3; N – polyad of BC1-S-1; O – polyad of BC1-S-2.
The meiosis sporad in I. dichotoma (Y2), I. domestica (S3) and their hybrid progenies: A – monad of F2-1; B – dyad of BC1-S-3; C – dyad of F2-2; D – triad of BC1-Y-1; E – triad of BC1-S-3; F – triad of F2-3; G – tetrad of F1-5; H – tetrad of BC1-S-2; I – tetrad of BC1-S-1; J – pentad of BC1-S-2; K – pentad of BC1-S-4; L – polyad of F2-3; M – polyad of BC1-S-3; N – polyad of BC1-S-1; O – polyad of BC1-S-2.

Figure 5

Pollen germination of I. dichotoma (Y2), I. domestica (S3) and their hybrid progenies: A – I. dichotoma (Y2); B – I. domestica (S3); C – F1-5; D – F2-2; E – F2-3; F – BC1-S-2; G – BC1-S-3; H – BC1-S-4; I – BC1-Y-1; J – BC1-Y-2.
Pollen germination of I. dichotoma (Y2), I. domestica (S3) and their hybrid progenies: A – I. dichotoma (Y2); B – I. domestica (S3); C – F1-5; D – F2-2; E – F2-3; F – BC1-S-2; G – BC1-S-3; H – BC1-S-4; I – BC1-Y-1; J – BC1-Y-2.

Figure 6

Scanning electron micrographs of different pollen grains: A – Y2; B – S3; C – F1-5; D – F2-3; E – BC1-S-3; F – BC1-S-4. C–F – occurrence of large pollen grains. Scale bar = 50 μm (magnification 500×).
Scanning electron micrographs of different pollen grains: A – Y2; B – S3; C – F1-5; D – F2-3; E – BC1-S-3; F – BC1-S-4. C–F – occurrence of large pollen grains. Scale bar = 50 μm (magnification 500×).

The meiosis abnormalities rate (%) in I. dichotoma, I. domestica and their hybrid progenies.

Phase abnormalities Plant materials
Y2 S3 F1-5 F2-1 F2-2 F2-3 BC1-S-1 BC1-S-2 BC1-S-3 BC1-S-4 BC1-Y-1 BC1-Y-2
Metaphase I 288 241 200 130 184 210 162 207 165 80 142 150
Non-congression 114 (39.6%) 94 (39.0%) 83 (41.5%) 57 (43.8%) 80 (43.5%) 85 (40.5%) 98 (60.5%) 126 (60.9%) 78 (42.3%) 30 (37.5%) 40 (28.2%) 27 (18.0%)
Anaphase I 216 170 156 104 155 140 113 120 150 126 115 143
Lagging chromosomes 82 (37.9%) 35 (20.6%) 53 (34.0%) 11 (10.6%) 42 (27.1%) 31 (22.1%) 46 (40.7%) 50 (41.7%) 60 (40.0%) 41 (32.5%) 24 (20.9%) 14 (9.8%)
Bridge 19 (8.7%) 0 (0.0%) 28 (17.9%) 12 (11.5%) 5 (3.2%) 18 (12.9%) 3 (2.7%) 6 (5.0%) 11 (7.3%) 15 (11.9%) 5 (4.3%) 10 (7.0%)
Telophase I 195 152 152 123 121 127 107 102 109 88 120 167
Unequal separation 22 (11.3%) 8 (5.3%) 35 (23.0%) 64 (52.0%) 13 (10.7%) 9 (7.1%) 47 (43.9%) 24 (23.5%) 0 (0.0%) 25 (28.4%) 27 (22.5%) 45 (26.9%)
Micronuclei 7 (3.6%) 0 (0.0%) 3 (2.0%) 0 (0.0) 9 (7.4%) 12 (9.4%) 10 (9.3%) 4 (3.9%) 19 (17.4%) 5 (5.7%) 3 (2.5%) 0 (0.0%)
Metaphase II 160 160 154 230 131 140 101 142 164 142 150 150
Non-congression 1 (0.6%) 14 (8.8%) 24 (15.6%) 67 (29.1%) 28 (21.4%) 19 (13.6%) 26 (25.7%) 24 (16.9%) 30 (18.3%) 22 (15.5%) 10 (6.7%) 5 (3.33%)
Abnormal spindle 3 (1.9) 2 (1.3%) 41 (26.6%) 76 (33.0%) 6 (4.6%) 17 (12.1%) 14 (13.9%) 54 (38.0%) 61 (37.2%) 44 (31.0%) 25 (16.7%) 34 (22.7%)
Anaphase II 220 188 202 221 194 200 214 281 310 235 250 269
Lagging chromosomes 31 (14.1%) 26 (13.8%) 12 (5.9%) 42 (19.0%) 51 (26.3%) 26 (13.0%) 14 (6.5%) 51 (18.1%) 43 (13.9%) 54 (23.0%) 22 (8.8%) 46 (17.1%)
Bridge 6 (2.7%) 0 (0.0%) 14 (6.9%) 8 (3.6%) 11 (5.7%) 10 (5.0%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 17 (5.5%) 6 (2.6%) 0 (0.0%) 3 (1.1%)
Abnormal spindle 5 (2.3%) 6 (3.2%) 17 (8.4%) 46 (20.8%) 27 (13.9%) 11 (5.5%) 64 (29.9%) 30 (10.7%) 71 (22.9%) 16 (6.8%) 6 (2.4%) 2 (0.7%)
Not synchronous division 14 (6.4%) 11 (5.9%) 33 (16.3%) 74 (33.5%) 39 (20.1%) 23 (11.5%) 70 (32.7%) 90 (32.0%) 65 (21.0%) 75 (31.9%) 29 (11.6%) 14 (5.2%)
Telophase II 223 172 200 150 125 183 151 138 152 295 166 121
Unequal separation 43 (19.3%) 42 (24.4%) 76 (38.0) 91 (60.7%) 62 (49.6%) 67 (36.6%) 82 (54.3%) 72 (56.5%) 96 (63.2%) 98 (33.2%) 33 (19.9%) 21 (17.4%)
Micronuclei 8 (3.6%) 0 (0.0%) 1 (4.5%) 1 (0.7%) 4 (3.2%) 12 (6.6%) 24 (15.9%) 6 (4.3%) 2 (1.3%) 30 (10.2%) 19 (11.4%) 12 (9.9%)
Total 1,302 1,083 1,064 958 910 1,000 848 990 1,050 966 943 1,000
Abnormalities rate 26.2% 22.0% 39.5% 57.3% 41.4% 34.2% 58.7% 54.5% 52.7% 47.7% 25.8% 23.3%

Pollen germination rates of I. dichotoma (Y2), I. domestica (S3) and their hybrid progenies.

Materials Pollen in plant Normal pollen size (μm) Large pollen (%) No. of pollens observed No. of pollens germinated No. of abort pollens Abortion rate (%) Germination rate (%)
Y2 More 65–75 0.5 1,713 447 33 1.9 26.1
S3 More 60–70 0.2 2,706 951 392 14.5 35.1
F1-5 More 60–70 0.8 2,039 205 738 36.2 10.1
F2-1 None – – – – – – –
F2-2 Little 63–73 0.7 1,354 32 628 46.4 2.4
F2-3 More 60–70 1.1 1,014 218 323 31.9 21.5
BC1-S-1 None – – – – – – –
BC1-S-2 Little 61–71 1.7 582 9 311 53.4 1.6
BC1-S-3 Little 62–72 1.7 673 32 334 49.6 4.8
BC1-S-4 More 58–68 1.9 1,049 76 139 13.3 7.2
BC1-Y-1 More 65–75 2.0 1,899 526 696 36.7 27.7
BC1-Y-2 More 63–73 2.3 1,916 597 631 32.9 31.2

Distribution (%) of sporad configurations in I. dichotoma, I. domestica and their hybrid progenies.

Materials No. of cells studied Monad Rate (%) Dyad Rate (%) Triad Rate (%) Tetrad Rate (%) Polyad Rate (%)
Y2 245 1.9 4.3 10.6 83.1 0.0
S3 213 0.0 3.8 13.6 78.4 4.2
F1-5 253 0.4 5.1 5.5 50.2 38.7
F2-1 208 10.1 36.5 16.4 35.1 1.9
F2-2 201 6.0 0.0 16.0 72.1 6.0
F2-3 260 0.0 7.7 30.8 57.7 3.9
BC1-S-1 432 2.3 14.6 33.8 45.4 3.9
BC1-S-2 254 1.2 7.1 29.1 51.2 11.4
BC1-S-3 271 5.5 11.1 33.2 46.1 4.1
BC1-S-4 373 0.0 4.6 37.0 53.1 5.4
BC1-Y-1 363 1.7 10.5 34.2 47.9 5.8
BC1-Y-2 319 1.3 15.7 34.5 44.5 4.1
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