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Dynamic Testing and Fatigue Analysis of the I-31P Nose Landing Gear

Zbigniew Skorupka

Zbigniew Skorupka

Łukasiewicz Research Network – Institute of Aviation (L-Ilot), Structures Testing LaboratoryWarsaw, Poland
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Skorupka, Zbigniew
  
04. Okt. 2024
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Artikel-Kategorie: Research Article
Online veröffentlicht: 04. Okt. 2024
Seitenbereich: 133 - 145
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/fas-2023-0008
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© 2023 Zbigniew Skorupka, published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Figure 1.

I-31P (top) and I-23 (bottom) airplane.
I-31P (top) and I-23 (bottom) airplane.

Figure 2.

Strain gauge placement on the NLG half-fork.
Strain gauge placement on the NLG half-fork.

Figure 3.

Strain gauge configuration.
Strain gauge configuration.

Figure 4.

40/20T Press.
40/20T Press.

Figure 5.

1st filling/charging, 0326-I31PP-st-P40-0031, for data comparison see Table 5.
1st filling/charging, 0326-I31PP-st-P40-0031, for data comparison see Table 5.

Figure 6.

2nd filling/charging, 0326-I31PP-st-P40, for data comparison see Table 5.
2nd filling/charging, 0326-I31PP-st-P40, for data comparison see Table 5.

Figure 7.

M10T test stand – overview example (left), I-31 NLG mounted (right).
M10T test stand – overview example (left), I-31 NLG mounted (right).

Figure 8.

Example of full-scale dynamic I-31 NLG drop tests, general results. 1st filling/charging, 0326-dt-NLGI31-M10T-064, for data comparison see Table 3.
Example of full-scale dynamic I-31 NLG drop tests, general results. 1st filling/charging, 0326-dt-NLGI31-M10T-064, for data comparison see Table 3.

Figure 9.

Example of full-scale dynamic I-31P NLG drop tests, strain gauge results. 1st filling/charging, 0326-dt-NLGI31-M10T-064, for data comparison see Table 4.
Example of full-scale dynamic I-31P NLG drop tests, strain gauge results. 1st filling/charging, 0326-dt-NLGI31-M10T-064, for data comparison see Table 4.

Figure 10.

Example of full-scale dynamic I-31P NLG drop tests, general results. 2nd filling/charging, 0326-dt-NLGI31-M10T-094, for data comparison see Table 3.
Example of full-scale dynamic I-31P NLG drop tests, general results. 2nd filling/charging, 0326-dt-NLGI31-M10T-094, for data comparison see Table 3.

Figure 11.

Example of full-scale dynamic I-31P NLG drop tests, strain gauge results. 2nd filling/charging, 0326-dt-NLGI31-M10T-094, for data comparison see Table 4.
Example of full-scale dynamic I-31P NLG drop tests, strain gauge results. 2nd filling/charging, 0326-dt-NLGI31-M10T-094, for data comparison see Table 4.

Input Parameters and reference values of the tests

Input Parameters
Parameter Name Value Unit
Shock Absorber Pressure 0.95 MPa
Tyre Pressure 0.31 MPa
Vertical Landing Speed (Limit) 2.93 m/s
Horizontal Landing Speed (Limit) 37.8 m/s
Reference Values
Vertical Force (Fz) 17.38 kN
Horizontal Force (Fx) 6.40 kN
Acceleration Coefficient (nz) 4.86 -
Landing Gear Deflection (Uk) 183.5 mm
Shock Absorber Deflection (Ua) 115.8 mm

I-31 Nose Landing Gear parameters

Parameter Name Value Unit
Configuration telescopic -
Aircraft Landing Mass 1117 kg
Aircraft Landing Weight 1096 daN
Vertical Landing Speed (Limit) 2.93 m/s
Horizontal Landing Speed (Limit) 37.8 m/s
Acceleration Coefficient during landing with Limit Vertical Landing Speed 4.86 -
Maximum Tyre Deflection 68 mm
Maximum Shock Absorber Deflection 124.6 mm

Dynamic Tests (Limit Conditions) – Stress on Half Fork

Parameters 1st charging 2nd charging Unit
Value
ZD – outside (opposite to wheel axis side) bottom 275.67 313.52 MPa
WD – outside (opposite to wheel axis side) bottom -316.13 -323.31 MPa
ZG – inside (wheel axis side) top 246.59 248.41 MPa
WG – inside (wheel axis side) top -266.32 -277.75 MPa
Vertical Force (Fz) 17.47 18.04 kN

Dynamic Tests (Limit Conditions)

Parameters Reference 1st charging 2nd charging Unit
Value
Shock Absorber Pressure 0.95 MPa
Tyre Pressure 0.31 MPa
Landing angle (φ) 0°
Vertical Landing Speed (Vz) 2.93 2.93 2.93 m/s
Horizontal Landing Speed (Vx) 37.8 39.06 40.07 m/s
Vertical Force (Fz) 17.38 17.47 18.04 kN
Horizontal Force (Fx) 6.40 7.1 7.6 kN
Acceleration Coefficient (nz) 4.86 4.80 4.89 -
Landing Gear Deflection (Uk) 183.5 189.3 185.8 mm
Shock Absorber Deflection (Ua) 115.8 116.1 114.3 mm

Static Tests/Characteristics

Characteristic points 1st charging 2nd charging Unit
Value
P1 182 207 daN
P2 1109 1206 daN
P3 904 956 daN
P4 74 68 daN
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