Study aim: Intermittent hypoxic training (IHT) has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy, using controlled hypoxia to stimulate adaptive physiological mechanisms. This narrative review examines the application of IHT in rehabilitation and health promotion.
Material and methods: The present study investigated published articles in four computerized databases – PubMed, Elsevier, Scopus, and Google Scholar – from 1987 until 2024. The searched keywords included hypoxia, physiotherapy, rehabilitation, neurorehabilitation, cardiorehabilitation, sport, and intermittent hypoxic training (IHT).
Results: Initially explored in military, aviation, and sports medicine, hypoxic conditions are now recognized for their potential to prevent and treat non-communicable diseases, improve quality of life, and support rehabilitation. Hypoxic environments enhance training efficacy through mechanisms such as increased oxidative enzyme activity, improved capillarization, and mitochondrial density. In clinical contexts, IHT has demonstrated benefits in managing obesity, type II diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, respiratory disorders, neurodegenerative conditions, and age-related decline. Hypoxic training improves lipid metabolism, glucose regulation, insulin sensitivity, and cardiovascular health while mitigating stress on joints and muscles. Additionally, adaptations such as enhanced blood flow, neuroprotection, and improved cognitive function highlight its potential in neurological rehabilitation. While hypoxic training is generally well tolerated, careful monitoring is essential to mitigate potential adverse effects.
Conclusions: Despite promising outcomes, the lack of standardized protocols for IHT applications in medical and rehabilitative settings remains a challenge. Further research is needed to optimize intervention parameters and confirm the safety and efficacy of hypoxia-based therapies in diverse populations.
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