Proving Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Activities of Ajuga remota Benth Leaves Extract: Impact of Ultrasonic Power, Sonication Time, and Conventional Extraction Parameters

Ajuga remota Benth plant contains a variety of phytochemicals including phenolic compounds with potent antioxidant activities. However, in order to improve the extraction efficiency, green technologies need to be used while extracting bioactive compounds. Therefore, this study was aimed to determine the impact of ultrasonic power and extraction time on the extract yield, bioactive compounds and antioxidant activities of A. remota leaves extract. Ultrasonic assisted extraction (UAE) was employed at amplitude of 50, 60 and 70% with the sonication time of 10 and 20 min. The highest total phenolic content (44.14 mg GAE/g) and flavonoids content (126 mg QE/g), and antioxidant activities 100.11 mg TE/g, 263.97, mg TE/g and 286.19 mg TE/g for DPPH, FRAP and ABTS, respectively, were found at 70 % ultrasonic power with the extraction time of 10 min. Thus, UAE showed a significant (p<0.05) improvement of the extract yield, bioactive compounds, and antioxidant activities.