Low levels of awareness of obstructive sleep apnoea amongst the Australian general public
, , , , und | 23. Jan. 2023
Über diesen Artikel
Online veröffentlicht: 23. Jan. 2023
Seitenbereich: 13 - 26
Eingereicht: 01. Okt. 2022
Akzeptiert: 01. Dez. 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/aoj-2023-0003
© 2023 Emmanuel Chan et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Demographic characteristics (gender, age group, education, employment status, annual income) and their associations with previous diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnoea.
| Previous diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnoea | Univariate | Multivariate | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic characteristic | Yes | No | DF | OR | 95% CI | DF | |||||
| Gender | 26.66 | <0.0001 | 1 | 24.59 | <0.0001 | 1 | |||||
| Male | 20.2 | 79.8 | Ref | ||||||||
| Female | 9.3 | 90.7 | 0.38 | 0.26 | 0.56 | 24.59 | <0.0001 | ||||
| All | 8.4 | 48.6 | |||||||||
| Age group | 27.73 | <0.0001 | 5 | ||||||||
| 18–24 | 5.9 | 94.1 | |||||||||
| 25–34 | 9.6 | 90.4 | |||||||||
| 35–44 | 11.9 | 88.1 | |||||||||
| 45–54 | 16.1 | 83.9 | |||||||||
| 55–64 | 16.7 | 83.3 | |||||||||
| 65+ | 23.5 | 76.5 | |||||||||
| State | 14.32 | 0.05 | 7 | 15.42 | 0.03 | 7 | |||||
| New South Wales | 13.6 | 86.5 | Ref | ||||||||
| Queensland | 17.2 | 82.9 | 1.40 | 0.87 | 2.23 | 1.92 | 0.17 | ||||
| Victoria | 17.4 | 82.6 | 1.62 | 1.03 | 2.53 | 4.35 | 0.04 | ||||
| Western Australia | 9.7 | 90.3 | 0.81 | 0.40 | 1.64 | 0.33 | 0.56 | ||||
| Tasmania | 9.9 | 90.1 | 0.69 | 0.18 | 2.61 | 0.30 | 0.59 | ||||
| South Australia | 7.7 | 92.3 | 0.53 | 0.23 | 1.27 | 2.03 | 0.15 | ||||
| ACT | 25.2 | 74.8 | 2.39 | 0.84 | 6.83 | 2.66 | 0.10 | ||||
| Northern Territory | 33.2 | 66.8 | 3.44 | 0.89 | 13.27 | 3.21 | 0.07 | ||||
| Education | 3.81 | 0.58 | 5 | ||||||||
| Did not complete high school | 19.8 | 80.2 | |||||||||
| High school graduate | 13.6 | 86.5 | |||||||||
| TAFE | 15.8 | 84.2 | |||||||||
| Bachelor’s degree | 14.2 | 85.8 | |||||||||
| Master’s Degree | 10.6 | 89.4 | |||||||||
| Advanced Graduate work or Ph.D | 15.1 | 85.0 | |||||||||
| Employment | 44.01 | <0.0001 | 6 | 37.42 | <0.0001 | ||||||
| Working full time (more than 30 hr a week) | 11.2 | 88.9 | Ref | ||||||||
| Working part-time (8–30 hr a week) | 11.4 | 88.6 | 1.38 | 0.80 | 2.38 | ||||||
| Carer (of home, family, etc.,) | 12.5 | 87.5 | 1.76 | 0.81 | 3.81 | ||||||
| Student | 7.0 | 93.0 | 0.73 | 0.28 | 1.95 | ||||||
| Temporarily unemployed | 10.5 | 89.5 | 1.22 | 0.51 | 2.92 | ||||||
| Retired | 27.4 | 72.6 | 3.30 | 2.17 | 5.03 | ||||||
| Permanently unemployed | 12.0 | 88.1 | 1.01 | 0.33 | 3.10 | ||||||
| Household income | 9.85 | 0.02 | 3 | ||||||||
| Less than $24,999 | 19.7 | 80.3 | |||||||||
| $25,000–$49,999 | 18.4 | 81.6 | |||||||||
| $50,000–$99,999 | 11.8 | 88.2 | |||||||||
| $100,000 or more | 12.7 | 87.4 | |||||||||
Demographic characteristics (gender, age group, education, employment status, annual income) and their associations with significant Epsworth Sleepiness Scores.
| Epsworth Sleepiness Scale | Univariate | Multivariate | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic characteristic | ≥10 | <10 | DF | OR | 95% CI | DF | |||||
| Gender | 0.79 | 0.61 | 1 | 24.59 | <0.0001 | 1 | |||||
| Male | 13.5 | 86.5 | Ref | ||||||||
| Female | 11.0 | 89.0 | 0.80 | 0.60 | 1.06 | 2.35 | 0.13 | ||||
| All | 12.2 | 87.8 | |||||||||
| Age group | 10.77 | 0.06 | 5 | 15.52 | 0.01 | 5 | |||||
| 18–24 | 12.9 | 87.1 | Ref | ||||||||
| 25–34 | 15.5 | 84.5 | 0.92 | 0.55 | 1.55 | 0.09 | 0.76 | ||||
| 35–44 | 14.3 | 85.7 | 0.76 | 0.45 | 1.29 | 1.03 | 0.31 | ||||
| 45–54 | 10.2 | 89.8 | 0.54 | 0.31 | 0.94 | 4.81 | 0.03 | ||||
| 55–64 | 11.5 | 88.5 | 0.53 | 0.29 | 0.98 | 4.13 | 0.04 | ||||
| 65+ | 8.8 | 91.2 | 0.29 | 0.14 | 0.61 | 10.46 | 0.00 | ||||
| Education | 10.39 | 0.07 | 5 | ||||||||
| Did not complete high school | 10.6 | 89.4 | |||||||||
| High school graduate | 11.1 | 88.9 | |||||||||
| TAFE | 10.0 | 90.1 | |||||||||
| Bachelor’s degree | 14.7 | 85.4 | |||||||||
| Master’s Degree | 16.5 | 83.6 | |||||||||
| Advanced Graduate work or Ph.D | 16.5 | 83.5 | |||||||||
| Employment | 13.01 | 0.04 | 6 | 14.17 | 0.03 | 6 | |||||
| Working full time (more than 30 hr a week) | 15.5 | 84.5 | Ref | ||||||||
| Working part-time (8–30 hr a week) | 10.5 | 89.5 | 0.73 | 0.48 | 1.09 | 2.36 | 0.12 | ||||
| Carer (of home, family, etc.,) | 9.0 | 91.0 | 0.61 | 0.33 | 1.15 | 2.35 | 0.13 | ||||
| Student | 9.1 | 90.9 | 0.44 | 0.22 | 0.85 | 5.86 | 0.02 | ||||
| Temporarily unemployed | 9.7 | 90.3 | 0.57 | 0.30 | 1.08 | 2.93 | 0.09 | ||||
| Retired | 11.3 | 88.7 | 1.40 | 0.80 | 2.46 | 1.41 | 0.23 | ||||
| Permanently unemployed | 8.5 | 91.5 | 0.55 | 0.23 | 1.32 | 1.77 | 0.18 | ||||
| Household income | 1.59 | 0.66 | 3 | ||||||||
| Less than $24,999 | 13.5 | 86.5 | |||||||||
| $25,000–$49,999 | 11.0 | 89.1 | |||||||||
| $50,000–$99,999 | 11.9 | 88.1 | |||||||||
| $100,000 or more | 13.1 | 86.9 | |||||||||
Demographic characteristics (gender, age group, education, employment status, annual income) and their associations with awareness of paediatric obstructive sleep apnoea.
| Univariate | Multivariate | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic characteristic | Yes | No | Don’t know | DF | OR | 95% CI | DF | |||||
| Gender | 20.64 | <0.0001 | 1 | 16.72 | <0.0001 | 1 | ||||||
| Male | 25.8 | 10.8 | 63.4 | Ref | ||||||||
| Female | 35.0 | 8.5 | 56.4 | 1.45 | 1.21 | 1.73 | 16.72 | <0.0001 | ||||
| All | 30.5 | 9.6 | 59.8 | |||||||||
| Age group | 61.72 | <0.0001 | 5 | |||||||||
| 18–24 | 34.8 | 9.0 | 56.2 | |||||||||
| 25–34 | 29.7 | 17.2 | 53.1 | |||||||||
| 35–44 | 29.3 | 14.3 | 56.4 | |||||||||
| 45–54 | 29.0 | 6.2 | 64.9 | |||||||||
| 55–64 | 31.9 | 6.7 | 61.4 | |||||||||
| 65+ | 30.4 | 3.4 | 66.3 | |||||||||
| Education | 42.44 | <0.0001 | 5 | 19.80 | 0.00 | 5 | ||||||
| Did not complete high school | 26.2 | 3.0 | 70.8 | Ref | ||||||||
| High school graduate | 30.5 | 8.3 | 61.2 | 1.44 | 1.02 | 2.05 | 4.18 | 0.04 | ||||
| TAFE | 28.9 | 9.1 | 62.0 | 1.39 | 0.99 | 1.96 | 3.61 | 0.06 | ||||
| Bachelor’s degree | 32.2 | 11.5 | 56.4 | 1.73 | 1.23 | 2.45 | 9.73 | 0.00 | ||||
| Master’s Degree | 33.0 | 19.1 | 48.0 | 2.19 | 1.43 | 3.35 | 13.15 | 0.00 | ||||
| Advanced Graduate work or Ph.D | 41.7 | 5.6 | 52.7 | 2.39 | 1.32 | 4.34 | 8.25 | 0.00 | ||||
| Employment | 38.71 | 0.00 | 6 | |||||||||
| Working full time (more than 30 hr a week) | 28.0 | 13.2 | 58.8 | |||||||||
| Working part-time (8–30 hr a week) | 31.2 | 9.5 | 59.3 | |||||||||
| Carer (of home, family, etc.,) | 37.3 | 11.1 | 51.6 | |||||||||
| Student | 36.2 | 10.5 | 53.3 | |||||||||
| Temporarily unemployed | 25.8 | 6.5 | 67.7 | |||||||||
| Retired | 32.0 | 4.0 | 64.0 | |||||||||
| Permanently unemployed | 28.6 | 5.7 | 65.7 | |||||||||
| Household income | 8.37 | 0.21 | 3 | |||||||||
| Less than $24,999 | 29.1 | 9.0 | 61.9 | |||||||||
| $25,000–$49,999 | 34.5 | 7.9 | 57.6 | |||||||||
| $50,000–$99,999 | 27.9 | 10.4 | 61.7 | |||||||||
| $100,000 or more | 31.5 | 10.5 | 58.0 | |||||||||
Demographic characteristics (gender, age group, education, employment status, annual income) and their associations with awareness of obstructive sleep apnoea.
| Univariate | Multivariate | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic characteristic | Yes % | No % | P | DF | OR | 95% CI | DF | ||||
| Gender | 0.80 | 0.33 | 1 | 0.08 | 0.78 | 1 | |||||
| Male | 57.8 | 42.3 | Ref | ||||||||
| Female | 55.8 | 44.2 | 1.03 | 0.86 | 1.23 | 0.07 | 0.79 | ||||
| All | 56.7 | 43.3 | |||||||||
| Age group | 25.32 | 0.00 | 5 | 29.65 | <0.0001 | 5 | |||||
| 18–24 | 45.8 | 54.2 | Ref | ||||||||
| 25–34 | 54.9 | 45.1 | 1.23 | 0.88 | 1.73 | 1.47 | 0.23 | ||||
| 35–44 | 56.6 | 43.4 | 1.35 | 0.97 | 1.88 | 3.10 | 0.08 | ||||
| 45–54 | 54.7 | 45.3 | 1.36 | 0.98 | 1.90 | 3.31 | 0.07 | ||||
| 55–64 | 61.1 | 38.9 | 1.80 | 1.26 | 2.55 | 10.69 | 0.00 | ||||
| 65+ | 65.0 | 35.0 | 2.31 | 1.64 | 3.25 | 22.72 | <0.0001 | ||||
| Education | 27.85 | <0.0001 | 5 | 32.60 | <0.0001 | 5 | |||||
| Did not complete high school | 47.9 | 52.2 | Ref | ||||||||
| High school graduate | 52.5 | 47.5 | 1.34 | 0.95 | 1.88 | 2.81 | 0.09 | ||||
| TAFE | 55.8 | 44.3 | 1.53 | 1.09 | 2.13 | 6.16 | 0.01 | ||||
| Bachelor’s degree | 64.1 | 35.9 | 2.29 | 1.62 | 3.24 | 21.76 | <0.0001 | ||||
| Master’s Degree | 57.9 | 42.1 | 1.75 | 1.13 | 2.69 | 6.36 | 0.01 | ||||
| Advanced Graduate work or Ph.D | 72.8 | 27.2 | 3.26 | 1.67 | 6.38 | 11.98 | 0.00 | ||||
| Employment | 18.60 | 0.00 | 6 | ||||||||
| Working full time (more than 30 hr a week) | 56.8 | 43.3 | |||||||||
| Working part-time (8–30 hr a week) | 58.4 | 41.6 | |||||||||
| Carer (of home, family, etc.,) | 55.8 | 44.2 | |||||||||
| Student | 45.6 | 54.4 | |||||||||
| Temporarily unemployed | 52.2 | 47.8 | |||||||||
| Retired | 62.8 | 37.2 | |||||||||
| Permanently unemployed | 45.8 | 54.2 | |||||||||
| Household income | 11.49 | 0.01 | 3 | ||||||||
| Less than $24,999 | 48.3 | 51.7 | |||||||||
| $25,000–$49,999 | 59.6 | 40.5 | |||||||||
| $50,000–$99,999 | 56.7 | 43.3 | |||||||||
| $100,000 or more | 59.2 | 40.8 | |||||||||
Demographic characteristics of sample (n = 2016).
| Male | 982 (48.71%) |
| Female | 1034 (51.29%) |
| 18–24 | 253 (12.55%) |
| 25–34 | 361 (17.91%) |
| 35–44 | 385 (19.10%) |
| 45–54 | 370 (18.35%) |
| 55–64 | 292 (14.48%) |
| 65+ | 355 (17.61%) |
| Did not complete high school | 198 (9.82%) |
| High school | 490 (24.31%) |
| TAFE | 591 (29.32%) |
| Bachelor | 518 (25.69%) |
| Masters | 164 (8.13%) |
| PhD | 55 (2.73%) |
| Full-time | 753 (37.35%) |
| Part-time | 359 (17.81%) |
| Carer | 142 (7.04% |
| Student | 154 (7.64%) |
| Temporarily unemployed | 124 (6.15%) |
| Retired | 414 (20.54%) |
| Permanently unemployed | 70 (3.47%) |
| <25,000 | 305 (15.13%) |
| 25–50,0000 | 476 (23.61%) |
| 50–100,000 | 728 (36.11% |
| >100,000 | 507 (25.15% |