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Yellow gentian root extract provokes concentration- and time-dependent response in peripheral blood mononuclear cells

Ana Valenta Šobot
Ana Valenta Šobot
, 
Dunja Drakulić
Dunja Drakulić
, 
Gordana Joksić
Gordana Joksić
, 
Jadranka Miletić Vukajlović
Jadranka Miletić Vukajlović
, 
Jasmina Savić
Jasmina Savić
, 
Jelena Potočnik
Jelena Potočnik
 und 
Jelena Filipović Tričković
Jelena Filipović Tričković
   | 31. Dez. 2020
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Article Category: Original article
Online veröffentlicht: 31. Dez. 2020
Seitenbereich: 320 - 328
Eingereicht: 01. Aug. 2020
Akzeptiert: 01. Okt. 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/aiht-2020-71-3476
© 2020 Ana Valenta Šobot, Dunja Drakulić, Gordana Joksić, Jadranka Miletić Vukajlović, Jasmina Savić, Jelena Potočnik, Jelena Filipović Tričković published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Figure 1

Particle size distribution of dispersed particles in (a) yellow gentian root powder; (b) lyophilisate; and (c) dissolved lyophilisate (pre-filtrate). Scale bar – 100 μm
Particle size distribution of dispersed particles in (a) yellow gentian root powder; (b) lyophilisate; and (c) dissolved lyophilisate (pre-filtrate). Scale bar – 100 μm

Figure 2

UPLC chromatograms of yellow gentian root extract in ethanol solution exported at 254 nm (a); 300 nm (b); 270 nm (c); and 240 nm (d). 1 – loganic acid; 2 – swertiamarin; 3 – overlapping gentiopicroside and sweroside peaks
UPLC chromatograms of yellow gentian root extract in ethanol solution exported at 254 nm (a); 300 nm (b); 270 nm (c); and 240 nm (d). 1 – loganic acid; 2 – swertiamarin; 3 – overlapping gentiopicroside and sweroside peaks

Figure 3

Cell viability expressed as percentage of control (a) and percentage of chromosome breaks (b) at different concentrations of yellow gentian root extract after 48 and 72 h treatment. *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001
Cell viability expressed as percentage of control (a) and percentage of chromosome breaks (b) at different concentrations of yellow gentian root extract after 48 and 72 h treatment. *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001

Figure 4

Photomicrograph of metaphase spreads after 72 h treatment with 2 mg/mL of yellow gentian root extract. Arrows mark chromatid break (a) and radial figure between two homologous chromosomes (17q) an indicator of homologous recombination - a mechanism of template-dependent DNA DSBs repair (b)
Photomicrograph of metaphase spreads after 72 h treatment with 2 mg/mL of yellow gentian root extract. Arrows mark chromatid break (a) and radial figure between two homologous chromosomes (17q) an indicator of homologous recombination - a mechanism of template-dependent DNA DSBs repair (b)

Figure 5

Graph (a) and photomicrograph (b-e) of YGRE-induced DNA damage established with the comet assay. b – control; c – 0.5 mg/mL; d – 1 mg/mL; e – 2 mg/mL; YGRE – yellow gentian root extract. Scale bar – 10 μm. ***p<0.001
Graph (a) and photomicrograph (b-e) of YGRE-induced DNA damage established with the comet assay. b – control; c – 0.5 mg/mL; d – 1 mg/mL; e – 2 mg/mL; YGRE – yellow gentian root extract. Scale bar – 10 μm. ***p<0.001

Figure 6

PAB levels presented as arbitrary HK units (a) and LPP levels expressed as nmol/mg of proteins (b) after treatment with increasing concentrations of yellow gentian root extract. ***p<0.001
PAB levels presented as arbitrary HK units (a) and LPP levels expressed as nmol/mg of proteins (b) after treatment with increasing concentrations of yellow gentian root extract. ***p<0.001

Gradient condition details used for UPLC separation.

time (min) % B
0 → 2 10 → 28
2 → 3.5 28 → 30
3.5 → 5 30 → 55
5 → 5.1 55 → 10
5.1 → 6 10 →
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